CN110551348A - 一种基于pvc废料回收再利用的pvc发泡材料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于pvc废料回收再利用的pvc发泡材料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110551348A
CN110551348A CN201910956563.0A CN201910956563A CN110551348A CN 110551348 A CN110551348 A CN 110551348A CN 201910956563 A CN201910956563 A CN 201910956563A CN 110551348 A CN110551348 A CN 110551348A
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pvc
parts
pvc waste
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吴文贤
陈向斌
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Chengdu Tianying Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法，包括PVC废料回收再利用的步骤以及PVC发泡材料的制备步骤；PVC废料回收的步骤中将PVC废料破碎打磨成粉，然后融化后切割成PVC废料颗粒；PVC发泡材料的制备过程是将PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂筛选合格后经过熔融塑化、模具成形以及冷却固化后获得发泡材料。本发明在PVC材料的制备过程中，将回收的PVC废料加工成PVC废料粉末或者造粒成PVC废料颗粒，在新PVC材料的主料中掺入适量的PVC废料粉，通过优化助剂或者辅料，使得加工后的PVC新材料能够获取满足要求的性能。

Description

一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及PVC材料生产方法技术领域，具体涉及到一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯，英文简称PVC，是氯乙烯单体在过氧化物、偶氮化合物等引发剂；或在光、热作用下按自由基聚合反应机理聚合而成的聚合物。氯乙烯均聚物和氯乙烯共聚物统称之为氯乙烯树脂。
PVC为无定形结构的白色粉末，支化度较小，相对密度1.4左右，玻璃化温度77~90℃，170℃左右开始分解，对光和热的稳定性差，在100℃以上或经长时间阳光曝晒，就会分解而产生氯化氢，并进一步自动催化分解，引起变色，物理机械性能也迅速下降，在实际应用中必须加入稳定剂以提高对热和光的稳定性。
PVC曾是世界上产量最大的通用塑料，应用非常广泛。在建筑材料、工业制品、日用品、地板革、地板砖、人造革、管材、电线电缆、包装膜、瓶、发泡材料、密封材料、纤维等方面均有广泛应用。
PVC材料的应用广泛导致其废旧物非常低，PVC材料难以降解，通过自然降解处理的方式非常困难，现有技术中少见对其有效的利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法；能够利用回收的废旧PVC材料进行再次加工，获得可以具有良好性能的PVC材料；降低环境污染，减少资源浪费。
为达上述目的，本发明的一个实施例中提供了一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
PVC废料回收再利用的步骤：
（1）将PVC废料加入到破碎机中，利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状，再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉，然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分，筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用；
（2）取部分PVC废料粉，在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中，经过高温融化拉成粗丝状，经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型，然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状，获得PVC废料颗粒；
PVC发泡材料的制备步骤：
（3）取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分，滤除大块杂质，筛分后的合格料即为混合料；
（4）将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中，将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中；主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过高温熔融塑化成流体，流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型，成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体；即获得PVC发泡材料。
本发明的优化方案之一，PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。
本发明的优化方案之一，PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为50目~100目。
本发明的优化方案之一，步骤（2）中PVC废料粉在挤出机中的融化温度为160℃~200℃。步骤（4）中挤塑机的熔融温度为160℃~200℃。
本发明的优化方案之一，制备方法还包括：
（5）将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面，并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸，最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
本发明的优化方案之一，步骤（2）加入挤出机的物料包括：
PVC废料粉200份~400份；PE石蜡3份~6份；
重质碳酸钙150份~200份；十八烷酸5份~10份；
增白剂5份~10份；稳定剂10份~20份。
本发明的优化方案之一，步骤（4）加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括：
PVC树脂300份~400份；PE石蜡5份~10份；
重质碳酸钙100份~150份；PVC废料粉100份~300份；
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺5份~10份；PVC发泡调节剂15份~30份；
硬脂酸锌5份~10份；碳酸氢钠5份~10份。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
本发明在PVC材料的制备过程中，将回收的PVC废料加工成PVC废料粉末或者造粒成PVC废料颗粒，在新PVC材料的主料中掺入适量的PVC废料粉，通过优化助剂或者辅料，使得加工后的PVC新材料能够获取满足要求的性能。
由于本发明的PVC材料是回收的材料，其主要用途不适用于食品级别，因此本发明的PVC材料可以应用于建筑建材装修装饰等材料，例如可以用于制作PVC相框。
具体实施方式
一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法，包括PVC废料回收再利用的步骤以及PVC发泡材料的制备步骤。
实施例1
PVC废料的回收再利用：
（1）准备PVC废料，PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。将PVC废料加入到破碎机中，利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状，再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉，然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分，PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为80目；筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用；
（2）取部分PVC废料粉，在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中，经过175℃高温融化拉成粗丝状，经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型，然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状，获得PVC废料颗粒。
步骤（2）加入挤出机的物料包括：
PVC废料粉30份；PE石蜡5份；
重质碳酸钙180份；十八烷酸6份；
增白剂6份；稳定剂12份。
实施例2
PVC发泡材料的制备：
（3）取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分，滤除大块杂质，筛分后的合格料即为混合料；
（4）将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中，将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中；主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过175℃高温熔融塑化成流体，流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型，成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体；即获得PVC发泡材料。
步骤（4）加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括：
PVC树脂375份；PE石蜡8份；
重质碳酸钙120份；PVC废料粉200份；
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺6份；PVC发泡调节剂20份；
硬脂酸锌6份；碳酸氢钠7份。
（5）将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面，并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸，最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
实验例1
将本发明的PVC发泡材料制备成相框，即在挤塑机的模具中置入相框的模具，将制备得到的PVC相框进行相关性能的检测，检测结果如表1所示。
表1：PVC相框材料的性能
序号 检测项目 合格标准 检测结果
1 阻燃性 B2级阻燃 合格
2 吸水及变形 不吸水不变形 合格
3 强度 大于5kg 大于8kg
4 耐热性 80℃；30min内无变化 无变化
由此可见，本发明公开的方法制备得到的PVC发泡材料，不仅利用了PVC废旧回收的废料，而且将其制作成PVC相框材料时依然能够满足使用条件，能够二次利用，降低了环境的污染承载能力，减少了废弃物的产生。

Claims (8)

1.一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
PVC废料回收再利用的步骤：
（1）将PVC废料加入到破碎机中，利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状，再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉，然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分，筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用；
（2）取部分PVC废料粉，在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中，经过高温融化拉成粗丝状，经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型，然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状，获得PVC废料颗粒；
PVC发泡材料的制备步骤：
（3）取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分，滤除大块杂质，筛分后的合格料即为混合料；
（4）将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中，将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中；主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过高温熔融塑化成流体，流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型，成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体；即获得PVC发泡材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为50目~100目。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中PVC废料粉在挤出机中的融化温度为160℃~200℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中挤塑机的熔融温度为160℃~200℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法还包括：
（5）将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面，并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸，最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）加入挤出机的物料包括：
PVC废料粉200份~400份；PE石蜡3份~6份；
重质碳酸钙150份~200份；十八烷酸5份~10份；
增白剂5份~10份；稳定剂10份~20份。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括：
PVC树脂300份~400份；PE石蜡5份~10份；
重质碳酸钙100份~150份；PVC废料粉100份~300份；
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺5份~10份；PVC发泡调节剂15份~30份；
硬脂酸锌5份~10份；碳酸氢钠5份~10份。
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