CN110551156B - 特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110551156B CN110551156B CN201910796060.1A CN201910796060A CN110551156B CN 110551156 B CN110551156 B CN 110551156B CN 201910796060 A CN201910796060 A CN 201910796060A CN 110551156 B CN110551156 B CN 110551156B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rhodium complex
- substituted
- cells
- imidazole
- modified
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XFOGNDVMICIKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidenerhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=C XFOGNDVMICIKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 1-naphthylmethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004186 cyclopropylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000655985 Plasmodium falciparum (isolate FCH-5) Thioredoxin reductase Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101000772462 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Thioredoxin reductase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 135
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 56
- 102000013090 Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase Human genes 0.000 description 41
- 108010079911 Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase Proteins 0.000 description 41
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 39
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 33
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 29
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 17
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 16
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 210000005228 liver tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 11
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical class NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethane Chemical compound CCBr RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 102100036475 Alanine aminotransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010082126 Alanine transaminase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 8
- 229920000776 Poly(Adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase Polymers 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RXPAYNWWOUGGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-K cycloocta-1,5-diene;rhodium(3+);trichloride Chemical class Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl.C1CC=CCCC=C1 RXPAYNWWOUGGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004969 inflammatory cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- FRHXXEFVNJKJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)imidazole Chemical compound CCN1C=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 FRHXXEFVNJKJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108090000397 Caspase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100029855 Caspase-3 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 102000003855 L-lactate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108700023483 L-lactate dehydrogenases Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M propidium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000004039 Caspase-9 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000566 Caspase-9 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 6
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LZLWKHJBJPLJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1-ethylimidazole Chemical compound CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)N=C1 LZLWKHJBJPLJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108010058546 Cyclin D1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000010190 G1 phase Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102100024165 G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100037858 G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101000738568 Homo sapiens G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000738771 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100037422 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C Human genes 0.000 description 5
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001700 mitochondrial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- XDFNWJDGWJVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,7-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1C2=CC(Cl)=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=C(Cl)C=C21 XDFNWJDGWJVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000715943 Caenorhabditis elegans Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 homolog Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000003903 Cyclin-dependent kinases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000266 Cyclin-dependent kinases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108010040476 FITC-annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229960000344 thiamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019190 thiamine hydrochloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011747 thiamine hydrochloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZSROPAHEKZCPGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole Chemical compound CCN1C=NC(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 ZSROPAHEKZCPGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PECTUDARBTWGJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazole hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1NC=CN1 PECTUDARBTWGJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000011727 Caspases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010076667 Caspases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010019668 Hepatic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 101000971171 Homo sapiens Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100029604 Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101100325747 Mus musculus Bak1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006180 TBST buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JJRNBCFHKVHAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Br-].BrC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1[N+](=CN(C=1C1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)CC)CC Chemical compound [Br-].BrC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1[N+](=CN(C=1C1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)CC)CC JJRNBCFHKVHAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YHWZKLGLHWDNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br-].CCN1C[NH+](CC)C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 Chemical compound [Br-].CCN1C[NH+](CC)C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YHWZKLGLHWDNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005775 apoptotic pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000055574 bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700039689 bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000055102 bcl-2-Associated X Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 150000003935 benzaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboxaldehyde Natural products O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006372 lipid accumulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FQXCGBULBKPJBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2H-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(CC)C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 FQXCGBULBKPJBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODPQIIBZIXPNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)N(CC)C1 ODPQIIBZIXPNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBXAOPNCPSJZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=N1 UBXAOPNCPSJZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTIYLLQEFVPNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=NC=CN1 GTIYLLQEFVPNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIUMMUBSPKGMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dithiobis(6-nitrobenzoic acid) Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(SSC=2C=C(C(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=O)=C1 KIUMMUBSPKGMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDDBDADPUGAENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC(Br)=CC=2)NC=N1 VDDBDADPUGAENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZORTJPUUOUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)NC=N1 MIZORTJPUUOUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIJUBZDDOUUKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)NC=N1 YIJUBZDDOUUKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000672 Annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004121 Annexin A5 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100021569 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- OXQCZOCIKAJAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)N(CC)C1 Chemical compound CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2Br)N(CC)C1 OXQCZOCIKAJAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHLMWZIDZVRUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)[N+](CC)=C1.[Br-] Chemical compound CCN1C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)[N+](CC)=C1.[Br-] XHLMWZIDZVRUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108091007914 CDKs Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000003910 Cyclin D Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000259 Cyclin D Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QFHCUKUAAWMLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2F)N=CN1CC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound FC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2F)N=CN1CC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 QFHCUKUAAWMLSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQLXYJQOWXTTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2F)N=CN1CC1CC1 Chemical compound FC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2F)N=CN1CC1CC1 OQLXYJQOWXTTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035519 G0 Phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012083 RIPA buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013245 carbon tetrachloride model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004709 cell invasion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000978 circular dichroism spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWXZAJNUTOBAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C(O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1OC CWXZAJNUTOBAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWGTKZEDLCVIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1 XMWGTKZEDLCVIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOQXIWFBQSVDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 UOQXIWFBQSVDPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCVRSXXPGXRVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(chloromethyl)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 PCVRSXXPGXRVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710189683 Alkaline protease 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710154562 Alkaline proteinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710170876 Antileukoproteinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710142885 Arginine N-succinyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100394734 Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) hepG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011725 BALB/c mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011729 BALB/c nude mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101710112538 C-C motif chemokine 27 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100371033 Caenorhabditis elegans trxr-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004266 Collagen Type IV Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010042086 Collagen Type IV Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013701 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010025464 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011724 DNA Repair Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076525 DNA Repair Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100371034 Drosophila melanogaster Trxr-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000008157 ELISA kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001059454 Homo sapiens Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001007 Interleukin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940125650 NAMI-A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010019160 Pancreatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102100028904 Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710105284 Sialin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQIIOAYYNJBCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br-].CCN1C[NH+](CC)C(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 Chemical compound [Br-].CCN1C[NH+](CC)C(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 WQIIOAYYNJBCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N [[(2r,3r,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2s,3r,4s,5s)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007960 acetonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000034720 apoptotic signaling pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005441 aurora Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007193 benzoin condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEILLAXRDHDKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethylcyclopropane Chemical compound BrCC1CC1 AEILLAXRDHDKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003560 cancer drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000012 chronic liver injury Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002983 circular dichroism Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009137 competitive binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940009976 deoxycholate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012137 double-staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007490 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000234 hepatic damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002055 immunohistochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005917 in vivo anti-tumor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002843 lactate dehydrogenase assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008818 liver damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IKEOZQLIVHGQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M mitoTracker Red Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 IKEOZQLIVHGQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004898 mitochondrial function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940055695 pancreatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N phosphoserine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)COP(O)(O)=O BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012342 propidium iodide staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002731 protein assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011535 reaction buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010839 reverse transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003958 selenols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003354 serine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004017 serum-free culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013424 sirius red staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0073—Rhodium compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,癌症的发生率和死亡率都在逐年上升,现已成为严重危害人类生命健康的一大恶疾,因而对新型高效低毒的抗癌药物的研发迫在眉睫。
铂类药物在癌症的治疗中取得了令人瞩目的成就,但是严重的毒副作用和耐药性限制了其使用范围,因此寻找具有不同作用机理的新型抗癌药物,以改良或补充现有的铂类药物是当前研究的热点。在此大背景下,开发新的非铂类金属抗癌药物是可行途径之一。目前,金诺芬在临床上的广泛应用,钌类配合物KP1019和NAMI-A已进入到临床实验阶段,以及硝酸镓用于治疗癌症已通过了II期临床实验等事实证明了这一点。
早期研究表明铑配合物与顺铂具有相同数量级的抗肿瘤活性(Chem.-Biol.Interact.1983,45,1-6),自此,具有良好抗肿瘤活性的铑配合物也开始进入了人们的视野。在2013年后,Rh(I)配合物的抗癌活性研究取得了新的进展(Organometallics,2013,32,141-150;Inorg.Chiem.Acta,2013,400,26-31;Chem.Eur.J.,2013,19,17871-17880;J.Med.Chem.,2015,58,9591-9600)。
此外,研究发现临床上使用的金属抗癌药物及大部分有机抗癌药物的作用机制多与DNA作用引起的细胞凋亡有关,其长期使用过程中极易使癌细胞产生耐药性,因而,开发具有新型作用机制的抗癌活性药物是解决现有药物耐药性问题的有效策略之一。硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)是细胞内重要的氧化还原系统成员之一,主要以TrxR1分布于线粒体中,与癌症的发生和发展密切相关,在多种癌症中都能观察到TrxR的过表达。TrxR的靠近碳末端处具有一硒醇残基,在氧化还原中比较活跃,容易与金属离子结合使TrxR失活,破环癌细胞内的氧化还原平衡,从而杀死癌细胞。因此,通过抑制TrxR的活性,诱导细胞凋亡的抗癌药物具有光明的研发前景。
本发明将特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物与金属铑配位,从而获得了具有较好TrxR抑制活性和抗肿瘤活性的先导化合物,其化合物结构、制备方法和生物活性等尚未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑铑配合物及其中间体的制备方法和应用。该化合物及其金属铑配体具有合成简单易得、产率高等特点,并且具有较好的抗肿瘤活性。这类含氮杂环的卡宾铑配合物还是一种TrxR抑制剂,能破坏癌细胞中氧化还原的平衡,该配合物结构稳定,抗癌活性强且作用机制不同于顺铂。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐,其结构通式为NHC(COD)RhCl,具有式II的结构:
其中,R1选自卤素、C1-4的烷氧基或芳基,R2选自取代或非取代的C1-4烷基,其中取代基选自芳环或C3-6环烷基。
所述的R1优选F、Br、甲氧基或苯基。
所述的R2优选乙基、苄基、1-萘甲基、环丙甲基或9-蒽甲基。
所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)进一步优选以下化合物:
一种上述的金属配合物的制备方法,
(1)当R1不为苯基时,反应路线如下:
(2)当R1为苯基时,反应路线如下:
取式I所示化合物与适量氧化银溶解于有机溶剂中,氮气保护,于室温至90℃避光反应2~12h,再加入适量的1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体,相同条件下继续反应4~48h,硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,硅胶柱分离纯化,即得特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为选自甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷中的一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地,所述氧化银与式I所示化合物的反应摩尔比为2:1~1:2。
优选地,所述1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体与式I所示化合物的的反应摩尔比为0.5:1~1:0.5。
当R1不为苯基时,反应路线优选如下:
上述的金属配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在用于制备抗肿瘤药物、抗肿瘤药物组分的应用。
优选地,所述的抗肿瘤为抗实体瘤癌症。
更优选地,所述的抗肿瘤是抗人肝癌、人宫颈癌、人口腔表皮样癌、人结肠癌、人肺癌、人卵巢癌和/或人乳腺癌。
上述的金属配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在用于制备TrxR抑制剂药物、TrxR抑制剂药物组分的应用。
本发明所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用;优选在制备人肝癌、人宫颈癌、人口腔表皮样癌、人结肠癌、人肺癌、人卵巢癌和/或人乳腺癌的药物中的应用。
本发明所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备TrxR抑制剂药物中的应用。
一种制备本发明所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物的中间体,结构式如下所示:
其中,R1选自卤素、C1-4的烷氧基或芳基,R2选自取代或非取代的C1-4烷基,其中取代基选自芳环或C3-6环烷基;且当R1为F时,R2不为乙基或苄基;当R1为甲氧基时,R2不为苄基。
所述的R1优选F、Br、甲氧基或苯基;所述的R2优选乙基、苄基、1-萘甲基、环丙甲基或9-蒽甲基。
所述的中间体进一步优选以下任意一种化合物:
所述的中间体的制备方法:
(1)当R1不为苯基时,反应路线如下:
(2)当R1为苯基时,反应路线如下:
本发明所述的中间体的制备方法,优选包含以下步骤:
(1)以对位取代的苯甲醛为起始原料,在盐酸硫胺素的催化下,发生安息香缩合反应。
将盐酸硫胺素溶于含水的醇溶液中,搅拌下加入氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙的固体或者二者任意一种的溶液调节pH至8~14,再加入对位取代的苯甲醛,室温至100℃搅拌反应2~5天,反应结束后,旋干,水相用二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,得粗产物,硅胶柱分离纯化得到对位取代的安息香化合物。
进一步优选地,所述含水的醇溶液为乙醇溶液或甲醇溶液或异丙醇溶液;所述含水的醇溶液中,水与醇的体积比为1:5~5:1。
进一步优选地,所述盐酸硫胺素与对位取代的苯甲醛的反应摩尔比为1:20~20:1。
(2)对位取代的安息香化合物与甲酰胺回流得4,5-二芳基取代咪唑化合物。
将对位取代的安息香化合物溶于过量甲酰胺中,210~310℃回流2~5h,冷却,至反应液温度冷却到100~60℃以下,再将其缓慢加入3~5倍体积的水中,边加边搅拌,过滤析出的固体,少量乙醚洗涤3次,干燥,即得4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物。
(3)当R1不为苯基时,步骤(3)包括以下步骤:
溴乙烷与4,5-二芳基取代咪唑发生取代反应得N1-乙基取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑。
取适量上述(2)所得的4,5-二芳基咪唑溶于无水四氢呋喃中,加入氢化钠,搅拌约10~60min,氮气保护下,加入溴乙烷回流2~7h,旋干,硅胶柱分离纯化得到N1-乙基取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑。
进一步优选地,所述氢化钠与4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物的反应摩尔比为1:1~10:1。
进一步优选地,所述溴乙烷与4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物的反应摩尔比为1:1~5:1。
当R1为苯环时,N1-乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑的合成优选包括以下步骤:
取适量N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑、碳酸钾或碳酸钠、苯硼酸以及Pd(PPh3)4溶解于适量的混合溶液中,加热回流12~72h,得粗产物,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得N1-乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑。
进一步优选地,所述N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑与碳酸钾或碳酸钠、苯硼酸和Pd(PPh3)4的反应摩尔比为1:8:2.4:1~1:12:5:2。
进一步优选地,所述混合溶液为乙醇或甲醇或异丙醇/水/丙酮或甲苯,体积比为3:2:3~7:5:9。
(4)卤代烃与N1-乙基取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑发生取代反应得N1,N3有取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑溴/氯化物。
取适量步骤(3)所得的N1-乙基取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑与卤代烃溶于适量的有机溶剂中,加热回流2~4天,即得N1,N3有取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑溴/氯化物。
进一步优选地,所述N1-乙基取代的4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物与卤代烃的反应摩尔比为1:3~1:10。
进一步优选地,所述有机溶剂为乙腈或苯乙腈中的一种或二种混合。
本发明所述的中间体(I)在制备所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种由特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物(I),并且该化合物可以与1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体合成具有抗肿瘤作用和抑制TrxR活性的系列特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II),本发明在制备过程中反应简单、分离纯化方便、易于提高反应产率。
(2)本发明提供的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑化合物(I)及其金属铑配合物(II)或其药学上可接受的盐具有很好的TrxR抑制剂作用和抗肿瘤作用,具备可能成药的前景和价值。
(3)本发明提供的抗肿瘤铑配合物(II)对多种常见的人体癌细胞均具有很强的生长抑制能力,特别是能抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞的生长,其IC50值可达1.33±0.21μM,具有成为治疗肝癌先导化合物的价值。
(4)本发明提供的抗肿瘤铑配合物(II)通过抑制TrxR活性,增加细胞内活性氧水平调控线粒体内电位变化,从而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,可以克服由于铂类药物耐药性对肿瘤治疗的缺陷,在开发新型非铂类高效的抗癌药物方面具有很好的应用前景。
(5)体内实验表明本发明提供的抗肿瘤铑配合物(II)在10mg·kg-1的剂量下抑制肿瘤生长率可达45%,具有很强的肿瘤生长抑制能力以及较高的安全性。
附图说明
图1为Rh1的核磁共振氢谱图
图2为Rh1的核磁共振碳谱图
图3为Rh1的电喷雾质谱图
图4为Rh1的单晶结构示意图
图5为Rh2的核磁共振氢谱图
图6为Rh2的核磁共振碳谱图
图7为Rh2的电喷雾质谱图
图8为Rh1在GSH、NAC和重水环境下的核磁共振氢谱随时间变化图
图9为特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)(Rh1~Rh8)的化学结构示意图
图10为Rh1对三种肝癌细胞(HepG2细胞、Hep3B细胞、SMMC-7721细胞)和正常肝细胞(LO2)的细胞毒性及Rh1处理LO2细胞后ALT和LDH的释放水平
图A中,每个系列从左至右依次代表HepG2细胞、Hep3B细胞、SMMC-7721细胞和LO2细胞。
图11为Rh1的TrxR抑制活性结果
图12为体外Rh1对TrxR酶的抑制结果
图13为Rh5在HepG2细胞中的分布
图14为Rh1对细胞内活性氧(ROS)的影响
图15为不同浓度的NAC保护下的Rh1的细胞毒性
图16为Rh1处理HepG2细胞后JC-1染色间的线粒体膜电位的染色免疫荧光图和细胞内ATP释放的水平
图17为Rh1对caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡通路的影响
图18为Rh1对caspase非依耐性的细胞凋亡通路及PARP凋亡信号通路的影响
图19为Rh1对细胞周期的影响
图20为体外Rh1与DNA作用的紫外光谱图
图21为体外Rh1与DNA作用的荧光光谱图
图22为体外Rh1与DNA作用的圆二色谱图
图23为体内Rh1对裸鼠体重(A)和肿瘤体积(B、C)及肿瘤(D)的影响
图24为体内Rh1对四氯化碳造模的肝损伤小鼠的肝形态影响图、肝切片的H&E染色,Sirius red染色和CD45染色的结果
图25为体内Rh1和四氯化碳共处理组,四氯化碳模型组及正常小鼠组的肝切片的Masson染色,F4/80染色的结果
图26为体内Rh1对四氯化碳造模的肝损伤小鼠的血清肝损伤指标的影响
图27为体内Rh1对四氯化碳造模的肝损伤小鼠的血清中TrxR含量及肝组织中TrxR表达水平的影响
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的上述内容再做进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物Rh1的合成:
(1)盐酸硫胺素(2.0g)溶于水(10mL)和乙醇(20mL)混合溶液中,搅拌,加入适量氢氧化钠使溶液pH为9~10,再加入4-氟苯甲醛(10mL),常温下反应3天,反应结束后,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,尽可能除去乙醇,用二氯甲烷萃取所得水溶液,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,得粗产物,硅胶柱分离纯化得到对二氟苯偶姻,白色固体,产率为62%。
(2)对二氟苯偶姻(5.0g)溶于甲酰胺(30mL)中,210~220℃回流2~3h,冷却,反应液温度降到100℃以下,缓慢加入100mL的纯水,边加边搅拌,过滤析出的固体,少量乙醚洗涤(5mL×3),干燥,得4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为79%。
(3)4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(1.5g)溶于无水四氢呋喃(25mL)中,加入氢化钠(289mg,60%),搅拌约10min,加入溴乙烷(528μL),氮气保护下加热回流2~3h,反应结束后,旋干,硅胶柱分离纯化得到N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为83%。N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑结构确认数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.62(s,1H),7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.35–7.28(m,2H),7.17(t,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.90(t,J=8.2Hz,2H),3.82(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(1.0g)与溴乙烷(1.32mL)溶于乙腈(20mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱分离纯化得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物,白色固体,产率72%。N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ10.86(s,1H),7.27(d,J=3.7Hz,4H),7.14(t,J=8.4Hz,4H),4.33(q,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.51(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ164.76,162.75,136.99,132.60,132.53,131.04,120.82,120.79,116.93,116.75,43.53,15.79.
(5)将N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物(98.5mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh1,黄色固体,产率为71%。
对所得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物Rh1进行结构鉴定:
a)核磁共振氢谱如图1所示
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.12(dd,J=8.3,5.4Hz,4H),7.01(dd,J=8.3Hz,5.4Hz,4H),5.05(s,2H),4.77(m,2H),4.54(m,2H),3.43(s,2H),2.50–2.36(m,4H),2.02–1.93(m,4H),1.25(t,J=7.2Hz,6H).
b)核磁共振碳谱如图2所示
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ182.46,163.71,161.73,132.06,131.99,130.78,124.79,124.76,115.97,115.80,98.41,98.36,68.45,68.33,44.21,32.94,28.81,16.12.
c)电喷雾质谱如图3所示
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:523.1[M-Cl-]+。
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式:C27H30ClF2N2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,58.02;H,5.41;N,5.01;
元素分析实验值(%):C,57.90;H,5.43;N,5.03.
e)化合物的X-单晶结构鉴定如图4所示
实施例2
N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh2的合成:
(1)对二甲氧基苯偶姻(5.0g)溶于甲酰胺(30mL)中,210~220℃回流2~3h,冷却,反应液温度降到100℃以下,缓慢加入100mL的纯水,边加边搅拌,过滤析出的固体,少量乙醚洗涤(5mL×3),干燥,得4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为70%。
(2)4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑(2.0g)溶于无水四氢呋喃(25mL)中,加入氢化钠(342mg,60%),搅拌约10min,加入溴乙烷(643μL),氮气保护下加热回流2~3h,反应结束后,旋干,硅胶柱分离纯化得到N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为85%。N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑结构确认数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO,20℃):δ7.77(s,1H),7.30(dd,J=16.9,8.7Hz,4H),7.06(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.77(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.82(s,3H),3.80–3.74(m,2H),3.69(s,3H),1.13(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
(3)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑(1.5g)与溴乙烷(1.83mL)溶于乙腈(20mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑溴化物,白色固体,产率75%。N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑溴化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ10.76(s,1H),7.15(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.92(d,J=8.6Hz,4H),4.30(q,J=7.3Hz,4H),3.82(s,6H),1.48(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ160.91,136.28,131.75,131.46,116.92,114.77,55.38,43.24,15.89.
(4)N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑溴化物(104mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh2,黄色固体,产率为40%。
对所得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-甲氧基苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh2进行结构鉴定:
a)核磁共振氢谱如图5所示
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.05(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.80(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),5.02(s,2H),4.73(m,2H),4.50(m,2H),3.76(s,6H),3.42(s,2H),2.41(m,4H),1.95(m,4H),1.22(t,J=7.1Hz,6H).
b)核磁共振碳谱如图6所示
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ180.92,159.49,131.51,131.15,121.27,113.95,97.99,97.94,68.33,68.21,55.19,44.08,32.95,28.91,16.24.
c)电喷雾质谱如图7所示
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:547.2[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式:C29H36ClN2O2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,59.75;H,6.22;N,4.81;
元素分析实验值(%):C,59.70;H,6.15;N,5.03.
实施例3
N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh3的合成:
(1)对二溴苯偶姻(5.0g)溶于甲酰胺(30mL)中,210~220℃回流2~3h,冷却,反应液温度降到100℃以下,缓慢加入100mL的纯水,边加边搅拌,过滤析出的固体,少量乙醚洗涤(5mL×3),干燥,得4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为65%。
(2)4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑(2.5g)溶于无水四氢呋喃(25mL)中,加入氢化钠(317mg,60%),搅拌约10min,加入溴乙烷(596μL),氮气保护下加热回流2~3h,反应结束后,旋干,硅胶柱分离纯化得到N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑,白色固体,产率为82%。
(3)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑(1.8g)与溴乙烷(1.66mL)溶于乙腈(20mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑溴化物,白色固体,产率73%。N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑溴化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ10.94(s,1H),7.58(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.14(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),4.33(q,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.51(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ137.44,132.88,131.81,130.90,123.53,125.52,43.62,15.82.ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:435.0[M-Br]+
(4)N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑溴化物(129mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh3,黄色固体,产率为38%。
对所得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh3进行了核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,电喷雾质谱和元素分析等方法的结构表征。
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.46(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.01(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),5.06(s,2H),4.78(dq,J=14.2,7.1Hz,2H),4.56(dq,J=14.0,7.0Hz,2H),3.43(s,2H),2.44(m,4H),1.98(m,4H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,6H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ182.96,132.05,131.60,130.70,127.57,123.22,98.55,98.50,68.48,68.37,44.29,32.93,28.87,16.22.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:701.7[M-H+Na]+,645.1[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式:C27H30Br2ClN2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,47.64;H,4.44;N,4.12;
元素分析实验值(%):C,47.69;H,4.42;N,4.17.
实施例4
N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh4的合成:
(1)、(2)同实施例3中的步骤(1)、(2)。
(3)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-溴苯基)咪唑(0.8g),苯硼酸(576mg),碳酸钾(2.18g),Pd(PPh3)4(2.28g)溶于乙醇/水/丙酮体积比为3/2/3的混合溶液中(25mL)中,加热回流48h,反应结束后,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩样品,浓缩液二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得N1-乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑,白色固体,产率为56%。N1-乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.77–7.71(m,4H),7.70(s,1H),7.64–7.58(m,4H),7.54–7.45(m,6H),7.42(m,3H),7.31(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.93(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.36(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑(430mg),溴乙烷(403μL)乙腈(20mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑溴化物,白色固体,产率68%。N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑溴化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ10.96(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.58(d,J=7.3Hz,4H),7.46(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.41–7.33(m,6H),4.41(q,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.56(t,J=7.3Hz,6H).13CNMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ143.23,139.31,137.06,131.54,130.76,129.02,128.26,127.95,127.06,123.64,45.52,15.99.ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:429.2[M-Br]+.
(5)N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑溴化物(127mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh4,黄色固体,产率为31%。
对所得N1,N3-二乙基-4,5-二联苯咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh4进行了核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,电喷雾质谱和元素分析等方法的结构表征。
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.56(dd,J=11.7,8.1Hz,8H),7.42(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.35(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=7.7Hz,4H),5.07(s,2H),4.86(m,2H),4.64(m,2H),3.49(s,2H),2.54–2.36(m,4H),1.99(m,4H),1.31(t,J=7.2Hz,6H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ181.85,141.10,140.00,131.39,130.57,128.84,127.85,127.69,127.19,126.97,98.39,98.24,68.47,68.36,44.30,32.97,28.92,16.33.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:639.42[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式:C39H40ClN2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,69.38;H,5.97;N,4.15;
元素分析实验值(%):C,69.15;H,5.97;N,4.22.
实施例5
N1-乙基,N3-(9’-蒽甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh5的合成:
(1)、(2)、(3)同实施例1中的步骤(1)、(2)、(3)。
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(1.0g)与9-氯甲基蒽(2.39g)溶于乙腈(25mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1-乙基,N3-(9’-蒽甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物,白色固体,产率67%。N1-乙基,N3-(9’-蒽甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,20℃):δ8.87(s,1H),8.70(s,1H),8.23(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),8.19(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.72(dd,J=8.6,5.4Hz,2H),7.64(m,4H),7.54(dd,J=8.6,5.4Hz,2H),7.34(dd,J=17.7,2.2Hz,4H),6.16(s,2H),3.97(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),0.99(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ164.63,164.51,162.63,162.50,136.16,133.06,132.99,132.72,132.65,132.13,131.31,131.19,130.84,130.32,129.29,127.98,125.41,123.20,122.83,120.85,120.82,120.70,120.67,116.58,116.40,116.08,115.91,45.49,43.56,15.39.ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:475.2[M-Cl]+.
(5)N1-乙基,N3-(9’-蒽甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物(128mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh5,黄色固体,产率为63%。
对所得N1-乙基,N3-(9’-蒽甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh5进行了核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,电喷雾质谱和元素分析等方法的结构表征。
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ8.36(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),8.24(s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.52–7.46(m,2H),7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.32(d,J=15.2Hz,1H,),6.94(dd,J=8.6,5.4Hz,2H),6.85(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.53(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),6.03–5.95(m,2H),5.93(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.21–5.10(m,2H),4.86–4.74(m,2H),3.69(s,2H),2.63–2.54(m,1H),2.44–2.31(m,3H),2.14–2.07(m,1H),2.04–1.90(m,3H),1.31(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ183.11,182.70,163.54,162.45,161.56,160.48,131.97,131.90,131.84,131.24,131.21,131.17,131.07,130.82,128.77,128.65,126.53,126.03,124.89,124.60,124.50,124.47,123.68,123.66,115.61,115.44,113.67,113.50,99.09,99.03,98.51,98.46,69.55,69.44,67.95,67.88,48.46,44.53,33.59,32.44,29.32,28.31,16.25.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:743.14[M+Na]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式为:C40H36ClF2N2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,66.63;H,5.03;N,3.88;
元素分析实验值(%):C,66.56;H,4.99;N,4.15.
实施例6
N1-乙基,N3-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh6的合成:
(1)、(2)、(3)同实施例1中的步骤(1)、(2)、(3)。
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(1.0g)与环丙基甲基溴(1.72mL)溶于乙腈(25mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1-乙基,N3-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物,白色固体,产率72%。N1-乙基,N3-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ10.85(s,1H),7.32–7.26(m,4H),7.15(m,4H),4.37(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.11(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.19(s,1H),1.52(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),0.71(q,J=5.7Hz,2H),0.50(q,J=5.1Hz,2H).13CNMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ164.71,162.70,136.80,132.83,132.76,132.68,132.61,131.07,130.98,121.01,120.98,120.89,120.86,116.87,116.85,116.69,116.67,52.77,43.55,15.83,11.10,4.89.ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:339.1[M-Br]+.
(5)N1-乙基,N3-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物(105mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh6,黄色固体,产率为40%。
对所得N1-乙基,N3-(环丙基甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh6进行了核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,电喷雾质谱和元素分析等方法的结构表征。
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.19–7.11(m,4H),7.08–6.97(m,4H),5.10(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.05(dd,J=12.6,7.8Hz,1H),4.79–4.70(m,2H),4.66(td,J=14.2,7.1Hz,1H),4.32(dd,J=14.0,7.1Hz,1H),3.48(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.41(s,1H),2.53–2.36(m,4H),2.06–1.92(m,4H),1.27(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.14(m,1H),0.38(m,2H,),0.25–0.18(m,1H),-0.16(m,1H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ182.68,182.67,163.72,161.73,132.31,132.25,132.14,132.07,131.05,130.79,125.34,125.31,124.86,124.83,115.95,115.88,115.77,115.70,98.49,98.44,98.28,98.22,68.78,68.66,68.25,68.14,53.86,44.29,33.23,32.61,29.24,28.58,16.15,11.61,5.01,4.33.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:549.2[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式为:C29H32ClF2N2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,59.55;H,5.51;N,4.79;
元素分析实验值(%):C,59.49;H,5.56;N,4.98.
实施例7
N1-乙基,N3-苄基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh7的合成:
(1)、(2)、(3)同实施例1中的步骤(1)、(2)、(3)。
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(0.8g)与苄基氯(1.62mL)溶于乙腈(25mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1-乙基,N3-苄基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物,白色固体,产率63%。N1-乙基,N3-苄基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物结构确认数据为:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO,20℃):δ9.78(s,1H),7.55–7.51(m,2H),7.32(ddd,J=7.0,5.8,3.0Hz,7H),7.23(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.09(dd,J=6.6,2.8Hz,2H),5.42(s,2H),4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.33(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).
(5)N1-乙基,N3-苄基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物(103mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh7,黄色固体,产率为62%。
对所得N1-乙基,N3-苄基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh7进行了核磁共振氢谱,核磁共振碳谱,电喷雾质谱和元素分析等方法的结构表征。
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ7.19–7.12(m,5H),7.07–6.99(m,4H),6.86–6.78(m,4H),6.11(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),5.73(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),5.09(p,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.81(dq,J=14.3,7.2Hz,1H),4.70(dq,J=14.3,7.2Hz,1H),3.54(m,1H),3.33(m,1H),2.56–2.46(m,1H),2.43–2.33(m,2H),2.17(m,1H),2.06–1.90(m,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.31(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ183.62,183.21,163.74,163.58,161.75,161.60,136.94,132.32,132.26,132.04,131.97,131.47,131.21,128.27,127.47,127.28,124.63,124.60,124.55,124.53,115.96,115.78,115.45,115.28,98.94,98.88,98.39,98.33,68.92,68.81,68.61,68.49,53.25,44.31,33.34,32.40,29.15,28.46,16.19.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:585.1[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式为:C32H32ClF2N2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,61.89;H,5.19;N,4.51;
元素分析实验值(%):C,61.78;H,5.28;N,4.67.
实施例8
N1-乙基,N3-(1’-萘甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh8的合成:
(1)、(2)、(3)同实施例1中的步骤(1)、(2)、(3)。
(4)N1-乙基-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑(0.8g)与1-氯甲基萘(2.13mL)溶于乙腈(25mL)中,加热回流反应3天,反应结束后,旋干,得粗产物,经硅胶柱纯化得N1-乙基,N3-(1’-萘甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物,白色固体,产率38%。N1-乙基,N3-(1’-萘甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑氯化物结构确认数据如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,20℃):δ9.82(s,1H),8.02–7.98(m,1H),7.95(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.62–7.55(m,4H),7.47(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.5,5.4Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.19(dd,J=16.9,8.0Hz,3H),5.93(s,2H),4.16(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.31(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6,20℃):δ164.41,164.30,162.44,162.33,136.76,133.88,133.81,133.74,133.67,133.60,130.36,130.15,129.59,129.22,127.42,126.79,126.58,125.89,123.15,122.01,121.98,121.85,121.82,116.74,116.57,116.40,48.76,131.55,131.48,43.37,15.22.ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:425.1[M-Cl]+.
(5)N1-乙基,N3-(1’-萘甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑溴化物(115mg),氧化银(35mg),溶于无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中,避光,氮气保护,室温下搅拌,反应过夜,向反应混合物中加入1,5-环辛二烯氯化铑二聚体(62mg),相同条件下继续反应6h,反应结束后,反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液旋干,得粗产品,经硅胶柱分离纯化得到配合物Rh8,黄色固体,产率为30%。
对所得N1-乙基,N3-(1’-萘甲基)-4,5-二(4’-氟苯基)咪唑环卡宾铑配合物(II)Rh8进行结构鉴定:
a)核磁共振氢谱
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ8.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.32(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.22(dd,J=8.6,5.3Hz,2H),7.05(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.97(dd,J=5.3Hz,2H),6.93(d,1H),6.86(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),6.71(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.00(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),4.99(p,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.90(dq,J=14.3,7.2Hz,1H),4.65(dq,J=14.1,7.1Hz,1H),3.54(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.12(s,1H),2.54–2.44(m,1H),2.29(m,1H),2.00–1.87(m,2H),1.78(m,2H),1.51–1.39(m,2H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
b)核磁共振碳谱
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3,20℃):δ184.44,184.03,163.76,163.45,161.77,161.47,133.45,133.25,132.10,132.04,131.11,130.28,128.67,124.74,127.82,126.49,125.01,125.95,124.71,124.19,124.16,124.05,122.60,116.04,115.87,115.57,115.39,99.08,99.03,97.78,97.72,69.13,69.01,68.59,68.47,49.93,44.40,33.55,31.84,28.85,28.16,16.32.
c)电喷雾质谱
ESI-MS(+)[m/z]:635.2[M-Cl-]+.
d)本实施例最终产物的元素分析结果
分子式为:C36H34ClF2N2Rh
元素分析理论值(%):C,64.44;H,5.11;N,4.17;
元素分析实验值(%):C,63.94;H,5.07;N,4.37.
实施例9
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)Rh1在还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)及水溶液中的稳定性实验
用1350μL氘代乙腈将8.37mg本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1溶解,分别用50μL重水将两倍当量的GSH,NAC溶解,取450μL Rh1溶液与50μL的GSH溶液混合,记录其不同时间点的核磁共振氢谱;取450μL Rh1溶液与50μL的NAC溶液混合,记录其不同时间点的核磁共振氢谱;取450μL Rh1溶液与50μL的重水混合,记录其不同时间点的核磁共振氢谱,其结果如图8所示,随时间的推移,本发明所合成的铑配合物在含GSH和NAC的环境中,其核磁共振氢谱发生了变化,出现了一系列的新信号峰,如在GSH中8.68ppm,7.40ppm,7.22ppm,4.07ppm新信号峰代表NHC配体释放,5.53ppm新信号峰在NAC中同样出现,属于铑配合物与巯基形成的复合物的信号峰,而在含重水的溶液中,其核磁共振氢谱在96h后仍未出现明显改变,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物能与GSH及NAC等含巯基的化合物反应,而在水溶液中比较稳定。
实施例10
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)Rh1~Rh8的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性(MTT)实验
对本发明所述铑配合物(II)Rh1~Rh8在乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)、结肠癌细胞(HT-29)和肝癌细胞(HepG2)中进行了体外细胞毒性实验,在96孔细胞培养板中接种细胞(1000个/孔),37℃,5%CO2条件培养过夜,加入不同浓度的用DMF溶解的铑配合物或顺铂,DMF作空白对照,继续培养72h,每孔加入0.5%的MTT试液孵育4h,小心弃去培养液,每孔加入200μLDMSO溶解沉淀,注意避光,在摇床上低速振摇10min,用酶标仪在490nm处测量每孔的吸收值。配合物Rh1~Rh8的化学结构如图9所示,其体外细胞毒性结果见表1。
表1.配合物Rh1~Rh8和顺铂对MCF-7,HT-29和HepG2细胞的细胞毒性结果(IC50为平均值±标准差)
结果显示,本发明的铑配合物(II)对多种人体不同组织部位的癌细胞都具有很好的抑制杀伤作用:Rh1对肝癌细胞HepG2的细胞增殖抑制最强,其中更优于对照组药物顺铂;Rh6和Rh8对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞增殖抑制活性优于对照组药物顺铂;Rh1,Rh3,Rh4,Rh6,Rh7和Rh8对结肠癌细胞HT-29的细胞增殖抑制活性优于对照组药物顺铂,尤其以Rh4的细胞增殖抑制活性最强。可见,本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)是一类潜在的高效抗癌药物。
从表1中可以看出,Rh1~Rh8对HepG2细胞较为敏感,随后本发明选取了另外两种肝癌细胞(Hep3B和SMMC-7721细胞)和肝正常细胞(LO2细胞)测试了Rh1的细胞毒性,评估了Rh1处理后的正常肝细胞(LO2)中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放水平,其实验结果如图10所示,其具体实施步骤为:
a)Hep3B和SMMC-7721及LO2细胞毒性(MTT)实验步骤同Rh1-Rh8的MTT实验。
b)不同浓度Rh1处理LO2细胞24h后,培养基中ALT水平严格按照人谷丙转氨酶(ALT)ELISA试剂盒(EK-H10789,Ek-Bioscience)的操作流程进行测定。
c)不同浓度Rh1处理LO2细胞24h后,培养基中LDH水平严格按照乳酸脱氢酶细胞毒性检测试剂盒(C0016ru,碧云天)的操作流程进行测定。
从实验结果可以看出,以Rh1为例,本发明合成的铑配合物(II)对Hep3B、HepG2、SMMC-7721三种肝癌细胞均具有良好的抗肿瘤作用(IC50值:Hep3B约为1.78μM,HepG2约为1.33μM,SMMC-7721约为4.01μM),对肝正常细胞(LO2细胞)的选择性不高(IC50约为2.18μM)。并且在LO2细胞的ALT和LDH释放实验中,1.5μM和3.0μM剂量的Rh1对LO2细胞中ALT和LDH释放水平的影响较正常对照组无明显差异,表明了Rh1在该剂量下对肝损伤较小,具有进一步研究的价值。
实施例11
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)Rh1抑制硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)活性的实验
a)细胞TrxR活性的测定
当HepG2细胞生长至70~80%的丰度时,用不同浓度的Rh1处理并孵育48小时和72小时。小心地弃去培养基,用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤两次。在冰浴上通过RIPA缓冲液(150mM NaCl,50mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,0.5%脱氧胆酸盐,2mM EDTA,0.1%SDS,1%TritonX-100,1mM PMSF和1mM Na3VO4)处理提取总细胞蛋白。使用Bradford程序量化。根据TrxR活性检测试剂盒测定细胞中TrxR的活性,其结果如图11A所示。
b)Western Blot检测细胞内TrxR的表达水平
将HepG2细胞(1×106)接种到直径为10cm的组织培养皿(10mL/孔)中,在37℃,5%CO2的潮湿环境中培养24小时,然后用Rh1处理24小时,小心弃去培养基,用冷PBS洗涤三次。在冰浴中用RIPA缓冲液裂解,然后离心,收集上清液并通过DC Protein Assay(Bio-Rad)定量。通过12.5%SDS-PAGE凝胶分离样品(15~45μg/泳道),Tris-甘氨酸作为涌动液。分离结束后,将蛋白质印迹到PVDF膜上,室温下,在含有5%BSA的TBST(20mM Tris-HCl,pH=7.6,0.1%v/v Tween-20)中封闭过夜。将印迹与TBST在环境温度下孵育1小时,其含有一抗和5%BSA。用TBST洗涤三次,然后与相应的二抗孵育2小时。通过化学发光程序(ECL,Amersham)检测蛋白质条带,其结果如图11B所示。
c)实时定量PCR分析细胞内TrxR mRNA的表达水平
总RNA的提取:将细胞用PBS洗2次,加入1mL RNAiso Reagent试剂充分裂解细胞,将细胞裂解液收集到DEPC水处理过的离心管里,加200μL氯仿,混匀后4℃、12000r·min-1离心15min,小心吸取上清液并加入等体积的冷异丙醇,混匀后在冰上静置15min,4℃12000r·min-1离心15min,弃上清液,用灭菌的DEPC水配制的75%乙醇溶液纯化总RNA沉淀,再次4℃12000r·min-1离心15min,弃上清,将提取的RNA于-80℃保存。用紫外分光光度计测定260nm、280nm和320nm处的吸光度值,计算总RNA的浓度及纯度。
逆转录:使用TakaRa Prime ScriptTM reagent Kit将提取的总RNA反转录为cDNA,10μL的反应体系使用500ng的Total RNA,反转录体系如下:
RT-PCR检测:用7500RT-PCR体系检测,两步法PCR扩增,95℃预变性30s;95℃反应5s,60℃退火30s,40个循环。引物如下:
β-actin:(forward)5′-TGTGGATCAGCAAGCAGGAGTA-3′(SEQ ID NO.1)(reverse)5′-TGCGCAAGTTAGGTTTTGTCA-3′(SEQ ID NO.2)
TrxR:(forward)5′-GCCCTGCAAGACTCTCGAAATTA-3′(SEQ ID NO.3)(reverse)5′-GCCCATAAGCATTCTCATAGACGA-3′(SEQ ID NO.4)
Rh1的对细胞内TrxR mRNA的表达水平影响如图11C所示。
d)荧光免疫法检测细胞内TrxR活性
用4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色HepG2细胞的细胞核。将HepG2细胞接种在24孔板中并培养24小时,然后用Rh1(1.5μM,3μM和6μM)处理24小时。在4℃下将HepG2细胞与抗体一起孵育过夜,然后在环境温度下用抗小鼠或抗兔IgG处理2小时,然后用PBS洗涤HepG2细胞三次。用荧光显微镜(Leica DMi8)检测免疫荧光。
e)体外TrxR酶活性的测定
将DMF或不同浓度的Rh1和大鼠肝脏TrxR溶解于50μL反应缓冲液中,向每个孔中加入200μL反应混合物和25μL 20mM的NADPH溶液,25μL 20mM的DTNB溶液开始反应。混匀,前六分钟每隔10s用酶标仪在405nm处记录其吸收数据。分析DTNB浓度随时间的增加遵循线性趋势(r2≥0.99),酶活性计算为其斜率(增加的每秒吸光度)。
Rh1的TrxR抑制活性结果如图11D和图12所示。
上述结果表明,从细胞水平上看,本发明的铑配合物(II)能抑制HepG2细胞内TrxR的活性;从转录水平上看,本发明的铑配合物(II)能抑制HepG2细胞中TrxR的转录;从蛋白水平上看,本发明的铑配合物(II)能降低HepG2细胞中TrxR蛋白的表达水平;在荧光免疫法实验中,随铑配合物(II)浓度的增加,TrxR的荧光强度呈下降趋势;从TrxR酶活性水平上看,本发明的铑配合物(II)能在体外抑制TrxR酶的活性。综上所述,本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)确实能抑制TrxR的活性。
实施例12
本发明所合成铑配合物(II)在细胞中的分布研究
选取本发明所合成的具有荧光特性的Rh5,与Mito-Tracke活细胞线粒体红色染料共孵育,用荧光显微镜记录不同波长下细胞中染色的情况,分析Rh5在HepG2细胞中的分布。具体步骤为:将HepG2细胞接种在24孔板细胞爬片上,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基培养,直至细胞密度达到60%。然后,将它们与10μM的Rh5在37℃,5%CO2的环境中孵育24小时。随后小心吸出培养基,用PBS(1×)洗涤三次,用200nM的RedCMX Ros(M7512,Yeasen)染料在37℃温育30分钟。用PBS(1×)在37℃下再洗涤三次,然后在室温下用4%的PFA固定15分钟。将细胞再次用PBS(1×)洗涤三次,将细胞储存在PBS(1×)中,并通过Leica DMi8荧光显微镜分别捕获Rh5和RedCMX Ros所展现的荧光(100×)。其结果如图13所示,本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh5显示的蓝色荧光与因Mito-Tracke红色染料显示的红色荧光很好的重合在了一起,这表明本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh5主要定位于细胞中的线粒体。
实施例13
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)用于处理HepG2细胞后,对活性氧(ROS)的影响
a)荧光探针检测Rh1处理对HepG2细胞中ROS的影响
荧光DCFH-DA本身没有荧光,可以自由穿过细胞膜。进入细胞内后,可以被细胞内的酯酶水解生成DCFH,而DCFH不会通透细胞膜,因此探针很容易被积聚在细胞内。细胞内的活性氧能够氧化无荧光的DCFH生成有绿色荧光的DCF。绿色荧光强度与活性氧的水平成正比。将细胞种于12孔板中,细胞完全贴壁后,加入不同浓度的Rh1处理24h,弃去培养基,用无血清的培养基配置10μM的DCFH-DA加至每孔中,然后在37℃下孵育30min,最后用荧光显微镜成像,其结果如图14所示,随本发明铑配合物浓度的增加,明亮的绿色荧光点也增加,表明本发明的铑配合物(II)能促进HepG2肝癌细胞中ROS的积累。
b)本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)处理HepG2细胞时,加入N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC,ROS清除剂)后,对HepG2细胞活性的影响
用不同浓度的NAC和Rh1共同处理HepG2细胞,孵育48h后,用MTT法测试HepG2细胞的细胞活性,其结果如图15所示。用Rh1处理能显著降低HepG2细胞的活力,其抑制作用可在1mM~4mM的NAC处理后部分或完全消除。
综上可见,本发明合成的铑配合物(II)可以激活ROS诱导的HepG2细胞凋亡。
实施例14
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)对线粒体的影响
因实施例12中表明本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)主要分布于线粒体,故研究了本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)对线粒体的影响。主要考察指标有不同浓度Rh1作用后线粒体膜电位和ATP水平的变化。线粒体膜电位的下降是细胞凋亡早期的一个标志性事件。细胞在凋亡、坏死或处于一些毒性状态时,ATP水平会下降,通常ATP水平的下降表明线粒体的功能受损或下降,在细胞凋亡时ATP水平的下降通常和线粒体的膜电位下降同时发生。其具体实施严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。实验结果如图16所示,随本发明的铑配合物Rh1浓度的升高,HepG2细胞中ATP表达水平显著下降,而在JC-1染色测定线粒体膜电位实验中,随本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1浓度的上升,荧光逐渐由红色变为绿色,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1作用HepG2细胞后,可导致其线粒体膜电位和ATP水平均下降,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1促进了HepG2细胞的早期凋亡。
实施例15
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响实验
a)FITC和碘化丙啶双染法检测Rh1对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响
Annexin V与膦脂酰丝氨酸的结合是凋亡早期的一个重要检测标志事件,所以FITC标记的Annexin V可以用来检测细胞凋亡,从而使细胞呈现绿色荧光。但细胞坏死的过程中也会发生细胞膜损伤,坏死的细胞同样也会结合Annexin V-FITC。而碘化丙啶(PI)可以染色坏死细胞或凋亡晚期丧失细胞膜完整性的细胞,呈现红色荧光。将HepG细胞接种在6孔板中,当细胞密度达70~80%时,用不同浓度Rh1处理细胞72h,然后根据试剂盒说明书,用BD6Plus流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,其结果如图17A所示,横坐标为Annexin V FITC染色情况,纵坐标为PI染色情况,细胞根据染色情况可分为四个区域,正常细胞两者都不染色,位于左下角区域;PI单染为已经死亡的细胞,位于左上角区域;Annexin V FITC单染为早期凋亡细胞,位于右下角区域;PI和Annexin V FITC双染为晚期凋亡细胞,位于右上角区域。与对照组相比,随本发明的铑配合物剂量的增加,HepG2细胞凋亡率不断增加,本发明的铑配合物剂量为1.5μM时,细胞早期凋亡率为3.84%,晚期凋亡率为1.97%,总凋亡率为5.81%;本发明的铑配合物剂量为3μM时,细胞早期凋亡率为9.79%,晚期凋亡率为1.40%,总凋亡率为11.49%;本发明的铑配合物剂量为6μM时,细胞早期凋亡率为44.3%,晚期凋亡率为12.1%,总凋亡率为56.4%;可见,本发明的铑配合物(II)能促进细胞凋亡的发生。
b)细胞内caspase-3和caspase-9表达的测定
当细胞发生凋亡时,细胞内的caspase-3表达被激活并且caspase-9表达下调,因此,caspase-3和caspase-9的表达变化在一定程度上可以反应出细胞的凋亡程度。HepG2细胞接种到10cm的培养皿中,贴壁后,细胞密度达到70~80%时,用不同浓度的Rh1处理24h,用West-Blot方法检测caspase-3和caspase-9的表达水平,其结果如图17B所示,随本发明所合成铑配合物(II)浓度的增大,caspase-3蛋白含量呈增大的趋势,其相应的Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白含量也呈增大趋势,而caspase-9蛋白含量呈下降趋势,其相应的Cleaved-caspase-9蛋白含量却呈下降的趋势,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)作用HepG2细胞后,能激活细胞中caspase-3的表达,下调caspase-9的表达,从而激活caspase依赖性的细胞凋亡信号通路。
c)Hoechst 33258检测Rh1对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响
Hoechst 33258是一种活细胞DNA染料,可用于细胞凋亡检测,在荧光显微镜下,活细胞核呈弥漫均匀的蓝色荧光,当细胞发生凋亡时,细胞核或细胞质中可见浓染致密的颗粒状荧光。将细胞接种于12孔板中,待细胞贴壁后,加入不同浓度的Rh1处理24h,去掉培养基,加入10μL 5mg·mL-1的Hoechst 33258避光染色15min,最后用荧光显微镜成像,其结果如图17C所示,随本发明的铑配合物Rh1浓度的增加,HepG2细胞在在荧光显微镜下出现的浓染致密的颗粒状荧光密度呈增大趋势,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1能促进细胞凋亡的发生。
d)检测凋亡诱导因子AIF的表达
凋亡诱导因子AIF是细胞凋亡的起始因子,正常情况下,AIF位于线粒体中,能清除细胞内的自由基,阻止细胞凋亡,当受凋亡信号刺激后,AIF从线粒体转移至胞浆,再进入细胞核,诱导染色体凝结、DNA大片段化,促进细胞凋亡。使用免疫荧光法和Western Blot检测了不同浓度的Rh1处理后的HepG2细胞中AIF的表达,其结果如图18所示,随Rh1浓度的增加,AIF的绿色荧光强度增加,与DAPI(DNA活性染料)染色结果完全重合,表明AIF随Rh1给药浓度增大而表达上调,West Blot蛋白条带也证明了这一点,说明发明的铑配合物Rh1能诱导细胞凋亡。
e)检测凋亡通路蛋白Bax/Bcl-2、Bak、Cytochrome C、PARP/Cleaved-PARP的表达
Western Blot检测了凋亡信号通路中Bax/Bcl-2、Bak、Cytochrome C、PARP/Cleaved-PARP的表达,其结果如图18所示,随Rh1浓度的增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达下调,促凋亡蛋白Bax、Bak的表达上调,Cytochrome C表达上调,DNA修复酶PARP表达下调,而Cleaved-PARP表达上调,Cleaved-PARP可激活caspase-3的表达。
以上实验均证明,本发明的铑配合物(II)呈剂量依赖性的促进HepG2细胞的凋亡。
实施例16
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)用于处理HepG2细胞后,对细胞周期的影响
a)碘化丙啶染色法检测Rh1对HepG2细胞周期的影响
HepG2细胞悬液均匀的加入到6孔板中(每孔1.8mL,密度为5×104个/mL),于培养箱中培养过夜,贴壁后,设置对照组与不同浓度的Rh1组,置于培养箱中共孵育24h。收集培养基中悬浮的细胞,用PBS清洗一遍,用不含EDTA的胰酶消化一段时间后再用培养基终止消化,将贴壁的细胞从6孔板上吹下来并收集,离心,弃去液体。加入预冷的70%乙醇置于冰箱对细胞进行固定。次日将已经固定好的细胞离心、洗涤,用PBS重悬,加入RNaseA酶,在37℃水浴锅中保持30min,之后加入已经配好的染色剂PI,于4℃冰箱中避光作用15min,上机检测,其结果如图19A所示,随着Rh1浓度的增加,G0/G1期细胞所占比例明显升高,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)能影响HepG2细胞的细胞周期,并将细胞阻滞在G0/G1期。
b)HepG2细胞内周期蛋白Cyclin D1/E1、周期蛋白依赖激酶CDK4/6的检测
Cyclin D1/E1是细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDKs的调控者,能促进血细胞通过细胞周期G1/S期限制点。CDK4/6是一类丝/苏氨酸激酶,与Cyclin D结合,调节细胞由G1期向S期转换。而p27、p21、p15是一类同源的能抑制Cyclin-CDK活性的小分子量蛋白质,其中p15能特异性的抑制CDK4和CDK与Cyclin D形成复合物。HepG2细胞接种到10cm的培养皿中,贴壁后,细胞密度达到70~80%时,用不同浓度的Rh1处理24h,用Western Blot检测了本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1对HepG2细胞中周期蛋白Cyclin D1/E1及周期蛋白依赖激酶CDK4/6的影响,其结果如图19B和19C所示,随着本发明所合成的Rh1浓度的增加,HepG2细胞中细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1/E1及细胞周期依赖激酶CDK4/6表达均降低,而p27、p21及p15的表达水平均升高,表明本发明所合成的铑配合物能抑制HepG2细胞中周期蛋白D1/E1的表达水平,并促进p27、p21及p15的表达,从而使细胞阻滞在G1期。
实施例17
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)于体外和DNA结合作用检测
通过紫外-可见光谱法、荧光光谱法和圆二色光谱法检测了Rh1和小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的结合作用。所有光谱分析均在Tris-HCl缓冲液(5mM,KCl 50mM,pH=7.8)中进行。将ct-DNA(4.439mM)储备液储存在4℃的冰箱中,使用前保存5天以下。将Rh1溶解在DMF中并混合成2mM储备溶液,用Tris-HCl缓冲液稀释至相应的浓度,用于随后的光谱实验。
紫外-可见光谱法:将Rh1储备液用Tris-HCl缓冲液稀释100倍,得到2.0×105M溶液(3mL),然后逐渐加入ct-DNA储备液或SDS储备液,混匀,充分反应,记录紫外-可将光谱,结果如图20所示,随着ct-DNA的不断加入,紫外光谱的最大吸收增强,最大吸收波长蓝移,当ct-DNA与本发的铑配合物浓度比达到1.25时,最大吸收波长蓝移了2nM,而作为DNA骨架模拟物的SDS不断加入时没有这种变化,表明本发明的铑配合物能以沟槽结合模式而非静电作用模式与DNA结合。
荧光光谱法:通过改变Rh1的浓度并固定EB-ct-DNA体系的浓度,研究EB或Rh1与DNA之间的竞争性结合实验,其结果如图21所示,随着本发明的铑配合物的浓度的增加,EB-ct-DNA体系的荧光强度不断降低,表明本发明的铑配合物能与EB竞争性的结合ct-DNA。
圆二色光谱法:将Rh1加入到ct-DNA(1.0×10-4M)溶液中并在37℃下孵育5分钟。Rh1的最终浓度为0,2.0,4.0,6.0×10-4M,并且通过CD光谱仪记录每个样品在200~320nm范围内的光谱,其结果如图22所示,随着本发明铑配合物的加入,ct-DNA的旋光性下降。
以上结果表明,本发明的铑配合物(II)确实能与DNA结合,且以沟槽结合模式而非静电作用模式与DNA结合。
实施例18
本发明所合成的铑配合物(II)的体内抗肿瘤实验
a)Rh1抑制裸鼠肿瘤生长
将HepG2细胞(1.5×107个/小鼠)皮下接种到雄性BALB/c裸鼠(18~22g)中,得到HepG2肿瘤裸鼠模型。肿瘤达到180~200mm3后,将小鼠随机分为两组(n=4),每天腹腔注射Rh1(10mg·kg-1)或相同体积的生理盐水,持续15天,用游标卡尺每3天测量肿瘤大小,并使用以下公式计算肿瘤体积(TV):TV(mm3)=宽度2×长度/2。肿瘤生长抑制率(IRT)计算如下:IRT=100%×(M1-M2)/M1,M1代表空白组中肿瘤的平均重量,M2代表药物治疗组中肿瘤的平均重量。对照组肿瘤模型裸鼠体重在实验期间不断增加,与之相比,本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1治疗的裸鼠用药前后体重变化不大,用药10天后,裸鼠体重开始下降;类似地,对照组裸鼠肿瘤体积随治疗时间不断增大,而Rh1治疗组的裸鼠肿瘤体积增长速率较慢;实验结束时,取出裸鼠体内的肿瘤,观察到Rh1治疗后,肿瘤生长明显收到抑制,计算本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1的抑瘤率为45%,裸鼠体重变化及实验结束时的肿瘤体积和重量如图23所示。
b)Rh1可缓解由四氯化碳造成的慢性肝癌,肝损伤
将4周龄雄性BALB/c小鼠(18~22g)随机分成3组,每组5只小鼠,所有动物在标准条件下饲养,适当湿度的明/暗循环,并提供水和标准无病原体饲料。第1组是空白对照,其中小鼠在没有四氯化碳或Rh1处理的情况下进行处理。第2组是四氯化碳模型组。第3组是Rh1处理组,其中小鼠同时接受四氯化碳和Rh1处理。第2组和第3组每周三次注射四氯化碳(5mg·kg-1)并治疗14周以诱导肝癌。第3组每天腹膜内注射Rh1(10mg·kg-1),持续两周。处理14周后,收集肝脏和血液,将肝脏固定在4%多聚甲醛缓冲液中,用于蛋白质印迹分析和组织学分析,其肝脏形态及肝切片免疫组化染色实验(H&E染色,Sirius染色,Masson染色,CD45染色,F4/80染色)结果如图24和图25所示,空白对照组小鼠肝脏,质地柔软,表面鲜红;CCl4模型组小鼠肝表面粗糙,颜色明显变暗,并且表面明显出现脂肪斑点,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组的肝脏表观形态明显得到改善。从H&E染色结果可以看出,空白对照组小鼠肝组织结构正常,CCl4模型组脂质堆积,H&E染色后,脂质溶解,形成大量的空泡,肝纤维化程度严重,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组脂质堆积较少(空泡较少),肝纤维化程度较弱。Masson可以将总胶原蛋白染成蓝色,而胶原蛋白堆积是肝纤维化的一大特征,从Masson染色结果分析,空白对照组小鼠肝组织结构正常,CCl4模型组小鼠肝组织中总胶原蛋白大量堆积,肝组织损伤较为严重,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组总胶原堆积较少(蓝色较少),肝损伤程度较低。Sirius red可以特异性的将IV型胶原蛋白染成红色,从Sirius red染色结果可以看出,空白对照组小鼠肝组织细胞结构正常,CCl4模型组小鼠肝汇管区胶原蛋白堆积严重,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组IV胶原堆积较少(红色较少)。免疫组化标记CD45,F4/80可以反应组织炎症水平,从CD45染色结果可以看出,空白对照组小鼠肝组织结构正常,CCl4模型组小鼠肝肝组织损伤区域明显,汇管区有大量的炎细胞侵袭,炎细胞的CD45被染成棕黄色,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组也有炎细胞侵袭,但染色面积较模型组少,说明本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1可以抑制炎细胞向肝组织侵袭;F4/80染色结果可以看出,空白对照组小鼠肝组织正常CCl4模型组小鼠,CCl4模型组小鼠肝组织部分坏死,汇管区扩大,炎性细胞大量侵袭,炎细胞的F4/80被染成棕黄色,而本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1和CCl4共处理组小鼠肝组织结构正常,汇管区未见扩大,炎细胞侵袭较少。由此可以看出,本发明所合成的铑配合物Rh1能减少肝损伤过程中的脂质堆积和胶原蛋白堆积,抑制炎细胞向肝组织侵袭,减缓肝损伤的进程。
血清中炎症因子表达水平及肝损伤指标如图26所示,血清中TrxR含量和WesternBlot检测的肝组织中TrxR表达水平如图27所示。结果表明,本发明的铑配合物(II)能抑制肿瘤小鼠中肿瘤生长,修复四氯化碳造成的慢性肝损伤症状,能降低四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠中炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、ALT、AST、ALP和LDH的表达,降低血液中TrxR的含量和组织中TrxR的水平。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明的技术构思及特点而作的举例,而并非是对本发明作任何形式上的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而这些属于本发明的实质精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍属于本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 南京中医药大学
<120> 特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
tgtggatcag caagcaggag ta 22
<210> 2
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
tgcgcaagtt aggttttgtc a 21
<210> 3
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
gccctgcaag actctcgaaa tta 23
<210> 4
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
gcccataagc attctcatag acga 24
Claims (6)
3.权利要求1所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗人肝癌、人结肠癌、人乳腺癌的药物中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备TrxR抑制剂药物中的应用。
6.权利要求5中任一项所述的中间体在制备权利要求1~2中任一项所述的特定基团修饰的N1,N3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物或其药学上可接受的盐中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910796060.1A CN110551156B (zh) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | 特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910796060.1A CN110551156B (zh) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | 特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110551156A CN110551156A (zh) | 2019-12-10 |
CN110551156B true CN110551156B (zh) | 2022-11-25 |
Family
ID=68736628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910796060.1A Active CN110551156B (zh) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | 特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN110551156B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113845533B (zh) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-09-29 | 上海市第一人民医院 | 双-4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾金配合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115246819B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-07-16 | 湖南超亟化学科技有限公司 | 芳基连二咪唑类化合物、制备方法及其医药用途 |
-
2019
- 2019-08-27 CN CN201910796060.1A patent/CN110551156B/zh active Active
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
A Chemical–Biological Evaluation of Rhodium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Prospective Anticancer Drugs;Luciano Oehninger et al.;《Chem. Eur. J.》;20131115;Scheme 1 * |
A potential rhodium cancer therapy: Studies of a cytotoxic organorhodium(I) complex that binds DNA;Jeanette R. McConnell et al.;《Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters》;20130314;图1、 * |
Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Restricted Flexibility in Asymmetric Catalysis;Denys Baskakov et al.;《Organometallics》;20061221;626-632页 * |
NHC Gold Halide Complexes Derived from 4,5-Diarylimidazoles:Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Pharmacological Investigations as Potential Antitumor Agents;Wukun Liu et al.;《J. Med. Chem.》;20111117;Scheme 2 * |
Rhodium(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Bioorganometallics as in Vitro Antiproliferative Agents with Distinct Effects on Cellular Signaling;Luciano Oehninger et al.;《J. Med. Chem.》;20151123;9591-9600页 * |
Synthesis and biological studies of silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole;Wukun Liu et al.;《European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry》;20111007;Scheme 1、Scheme 2 * |
Wukun Liu et al..Synthesis and biological studies of silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from 4,5-diarylimidazole.《European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry》.2011, * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110551156A (zh) | 2019-12-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Zhou et al. | Synthesis of 6-cinnamoyl-2H-benzo [b][1, 4] oxazin-3 (4H)-ones and their effects on A549 lung cancer cell growth | |
Gao et al. | Molecular mechanisms of celery seed extract induced apoptosis via s phase cell cycle arrest in the BGC-823 human stomach cancer cell line | |
CN107056772A (zh) | 基于cereblon配体诱导BET降解的双功能分子及其制备和应用 | |
CN110551156B (zh) | 特定基团修饰的n1,n3取代4,5-二芳基咪唑环卡宾铑配合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
Wang et al. | Copper (II) complexes with 4-acyl pyrazolone derivatives and diimine coligands: synthesis, structural characterization, DNA binding and antitumor activity | |
JP2007519713A (ja) | ヒト癌細胞に対する抗癌性を有するインジルビン誘導体 | |
WO2020228635A1 (zh) | 一种egfr激酶抑制剂及其在制备抗癌药物方面的应用 | |
Chen et al. | Ru (II) complexes bearing guanidinium ligands as potent anticancer agents | |
CN113444085B (zh) | 一种具有克服顺铂耐药的抗肿瘤化合物及其制备与应用 | |
Gu et al. | Exploring anticancer efficiency of mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes | |
Zhang et al. | Novel camphor-based pyrimidine derivatives induced cancer cell death through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway | |
Zhou et al. | Iridium (III)-BBIP complexes induce apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibit A549 lung tumor growth in vivo | |
Han et al. | 8-Cetylcoptisine, a new coptisine derivative, induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human A549 cells | |
TWI660951B (zh) | 阿可拉定化合物的晶型、含有該晶型的藥物及用途 | |
CN112300141A (zh) | 含喹唑啉的杨梅素衍生物、其制备方法及用途 | |
Feng et al. | Scaffold hopping of celastrol provides derivatives containing pepper ring, pyrazine and oxazole substructures as potent autophagy inducers against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 | |
Hao et al. | Iridium (III) complexes induce cervical carcinoma apoptosis via disturbing cellular redox homeostasis disorder and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | |
CN113501819B (zh) | 吡啶并咪唑取代的喹唑啉酮衍生物及其合成方法和应用 | |
Liu et al. | Discovery of novel tacrine derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents with CDKs inhibitory property | |
CN111961084B (zh) | 一种肺癌细胞抑制剂及其制备方法 | |
CN113149942A (zh) | 一种洛克米兰醇酚羟基衍生物、其制备方法和应用 | |
CN104755084B (zh) | 抑制缺氧诱导型转录因子复合体的活性的组合物和方法及其治疗肿瘤的用途 | |
CN114129558B (zh) | 倍半萜内酯类化合物在制备化疗药物抗肿瘤增效剂或耐药逆转剂中的应用 | |
CN107793410B (zh) | 苯并硒二唑的衍生物及其应用 | |
JP6404220B2 (ja) | テアニン誘導体とカルボン酸クマリン誘導体との縮合生成物、その中間体、調製方法、及びその使用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |