CN110548109A - 一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物及其制备方法,该中药组合物由党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金、甘草12味原料药材经前处理、煎煮、醇沉、浓缩、干燥等工艺制成,具有益气健脾、滋阴养胃、消食化滞之功效,用于小儿脾气虚弱、胃阴不足引起的不思饮食或拒食,面色少华,精神不振,形体消瘦或虚胖,易汗出,大便溏泄或秘结,或饮食停滞,脘腹胀满等症。动物实验结果表明,本发明中药组合物能增加厌食症模型大鼠进食量,促进胃窦部胃泌素的分泌,对小儿厌食症可达到标本兼治的效果,具有广阔的市场开发前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药组合物及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物及其制备方法,属于中药领域。
背景技术
小儿厌食症是儿科常见的慢性食欲障碍性疾病,各季节均可发病,以夏季最为常见,且小儿各年龄段均可发病,以6个月至6岁为多见。近年来,随人们生活水平的提高及饮食结构的变化,加之对儿童过分地娇生惯养,小儿厌食症的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,且城市儿童的发病率明显高于农村,有人称其为“时代病”。本病患儿如不及时地给予防治,使病情迁延而不愈者,则会孱瘦羸弱,抗病力差,易患他病,甚则可酿成疳症,进而影响小儿的正常生长发育。
现代医学认为,任何能使胃肠功能紊乱的因素均可导致厌食,且小儿厌食症的原因主要体现在疾病、饮食和心理障碍3个方面。因此,西医根据病因以对症治疗为主,如积极治疗原发病、停用引起胃肠反应的药物、补充微量元素、使用助消化剂或胃动力药,以及合理喂养和添加辅食,或采用安抚、鼓励、诱导、暗示的方式消除因精神因素引起的神经性厌食等,临床上取得了一定疗效,但效果时常不甚突出、稳定,病情易反复,达不到“标本兼治”的目的。
中医认为,小儿厌食症属“纳呆”、“纳少”、“恶食”、“不思食”、“不欲食”、“不嗜食”的范畴。脾为后天之本,胃为水谷之海,一脏一腑,相为表里,脾主运化,胃主受纳,共司水谷消化吸收,同为气血生化之源。脾胃调和,则能知饥纳食,食而能化;若脾胃失和,纳化失职,则形成厌食。特别地,小儿属稚阴稚阳之体,脾胃娇嫩,消化力薄,有“饮食不能自调,饥饱不知自节”的特点;如若饮食不节,喂养不当,过食肥甘厚味,或挑食、偏食,或贪食生冷,或饥饱失调,及多病久病、情志刺激、环境突变等,更易损伤脾胃,致脾胃失和。“脾不和则食不化,胃不和则不思饮食,脾胃不和则不思而且不化”(《杂病广要》),从而出现小儿厌食症。
小儿的生理病理特点常表现为“肝常有余,脾常不足”(《育婴家秘》),且“太阴湿土(指脾),得阳始运;阳明燥土(指胃),得阴自安”(《临证指南医案》)。因此,脾气虚弱,胃阴不足乃为本病病机之所在,专以消导、运脾、清热或温中等方药势必难以达到根治之目的,故于组方立意及治疗上当以益气健脾、滋阴养胃为主,佐以消导或平肝之品,做到消中有补,补中含攻,温而不燥,清而不寒,以平为期。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草制备而成,具有益气健脾、滋阴养胃、消食化滞之功效,用于小儿脾气虚弱、胃阴不足引起的小儿厌食症,症见不思饮食或拒食,面色少华,精神不振,形体消瘦或虚胖,易汗出,大便溏泄或秘结,或饮食停滞,脘腹胀满等。
本发明一种治疗小儿厌食症中药组合物,由下列中药组分制成:
所述中药组合物原料的优选重量配比为:
所述中药组合物原料的最优重量配比为:
优选地,白术为炒白术,山楂为炒山楂,白芍为炒白芍,鸡内金为炒鸡内金。
方中,党参甘平质润,不燥不腻,《本草正义》称其“补脾养胃,润肺生津,健运中气”,且“健脾而不燥,滋胃阴而不湿”,能益气健脾,兼养阴生津,使脾胃健旺,增进运化力而纳食自胜,达到体内生化有源,气血得以资生,为君药。
脾气不足易导致水湿内停,诚如《黄帝内经》所言“诸湿肿满,皆属于脾”。“脾湿则失其健运之性而食不消矣”(《本草经解》),而白术味苦性温,能健脾燥湿,“补脾胃之药更无出其右者”,加之山药味甘性平,能平补气阴,二者联用可增强党参益气健脾之功,助脾运化,为臣药。麦冬、玉竹、石斛均甘而微寒,皆归胃经,其中麦冬《本草正义》称其“专补胃阴,滋津液”,为纯补胃阴之品;玉竹能养阴润燥、生津止渴,石斛善养阴清热、益胃生津;三者相伍为用,滋阴养胃效力大为增强,亦同为臣药。
小儿病变有“肝常有余”的特点,每每患病,常会出现烦躁不安、夜寐不宁等症。白芍能平肝柔肝,有安脾经、和胃气之效,加入本品,可毋令肝木乘脾,使肝平而胃气自和。陈皮味辛性温,辛行温通,理气健脾,运脾助运,使补而不滞。山楂酸而微温,《本草纲目》称其“化饮食,消肉积”,具消积化滞之功,尤为消化油腻肉食积滞之要药;鸡内金味甘性平,既可消食化滞,并能健运脾胃,用于米面薯芋肉食等各种食滞症;独脚金亦味甘性平,能清肝和胃、消食去积,三者相配而用,消食化滞之力显著增强,又易为小儿接受服用。上述白芍等五味药物,于本方治疗中起着辅佐作用,故共为佐药。甘草能和中补益、调和诸药,故为使药。
上述诸药,基于小儿“稚阴稚阳”、“肝常有余,脾常不足”、“易虚易实”的生理病理特点,依据中医“君臣佐使”配伍理论,并遵循“气阴双补”、“补消兼施”、“以平为期”的治疗调补理念进行组方,使诸药相合,既温运脾阳,也维护胃阴,使脾升胃降相得益彰,做到以补为主、补中有消,补中蕴攻,温而不燥,清而不寒,主治脾气虚弱、胃阴不足引起的小儿厌食症,症见不思饮食或拒食,面色少华,精神不振,形体消瘦或虚胖,易汗出,大便溏泄或秘结,或饮食停滞,脘腹胀满等,对厌食症患儿每获良效。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种含有上述中药组合物的药品及其制备方法,所述药品为口服液、颗粒剂、散剂、咀嚼片或凝胶剂。
所述药品的备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药、鸡内金细粉,混合,加入常规辅料,制成散剂、颗粒剂或咀嚼片。
制备所述药品的另一种制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%-80%,冷沉12-48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药、鸡内金细粉,混合,加入常规辅料,制成颗粒剂、散剂或咀嚼片。
制备所述药品的第三种制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、山药、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%-80%,冷沉12-48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,加入常规辅料,制成散剂、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、口服液或凝胶剂。
优选地,步骤2)煎煮2次,每次1.5小时。
优选地,步骤2)加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%。
为验证本发明中药组合物治疗小儿厌食症的功效,发明人开展了药效学试验研究及药物临床研究。需要说明的是,本发明药品药效学试验及临床研究所选取的药品为本发明具有代表性的配方及其制备方法所得的药品,本发明所包含的其它配方及制备方法所得药品涉及的试验及其结果,由于篇幅限制,在此不一一穷举。
实验例1对厌食症模型幼龄大鼠摄食量和胃泌素分泌的影响
1材料
1.1实验动物SD幼龄大鼠,SPF级,50只,雌雄各半,日龄35-40天,体重(60±10)g,由济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司提供,合格证号:No.37009200009764,许可证号:SCXK(鲁)2014007。动物于专用实验室内分笼饲养,实验前适应性饲养3天,自然光照,自由摄食饮水,室温控制在20℃~22℃,相对湿度控制在45%~65%。
1.2饲料大鼠常规饲料及特制饲料均由北京科奥协力饲料有限公司提供,其中特制饲料配方比为奶粉:鱼粉:豆粉:玉米:粉白糖:鸡蛋:鲜肥肉=1:1:1:2:1:1.8:2,合格证号为SCXK(京)2017-0010。
1.3药物及试剂
受试药物为根据实施例8项下配方及制法所制得的散剂样品;
阳性对照药为江中牌健胃消食片,江中药业股份有限公司,批号:16061011;
胃泌素放免试剂盒由中国原子能科学研究院提供。
2方法
2.1造模依据雌雄各半,将50只SD幼龄大鼠随机均分为空白对照组10只,给予常规饲料喂养及自由饮水;造模组40只,给予特制饲料喂养及自由饮水,所有动物均单笼饲养,于每天早上加饲料50g,次日早上称取剩余饲料重量,计算各大鼠24小时内进食量,并每天称其体重。2周后,与对照组比较,模型大鼠每日进食量低于对照组的30%-50%、体重降低10%-15%及行为特征有显著变化,组间比较差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),可视为厌食症模型造模成功。
2.2实验步骤
待造模成功后,所有大鼠均常规饲料喂养,将造模组按雌雄各半随机分为模型对照组、阳性药对照组、试验高剂量组、试验低剂量组,每组10只,其中阳性药对照组灌服江中健胃消食片水溶剂0.576g/kg·d,试验高剂量组、低剂量组分别21g/kg·d、10.5g/kg·d,空白对照组、模型对照组灌服等体积的生理盐水,5组大鼠均每日灌胃1次,连续灌服15天,剖腹从胃幽门至胃小弯切迹处,取胃窦腹侧全层组织一块,沿胃纵轴剪取条形小块胃壁组织,用冰生理盐水制备10%组织匀浆,3000r/min低温(-4℃)离心15分钟,取上清液待测,胃窦组织匀浆中GAS含量严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书测定。
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2.3统计学方法数据采用SPSS16.0统计软件进行处理。实验结果以均数与标准差(X±s)的形式表示,采用单因素方差分析进行组间差异比较,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
3结果
3.1造模对各组大鼠摄食量的变化
适应性喂养3天后,开始正式实验并记录相关数据,依据:大鼠每天摄食量=前一天饲料加入量-当天饲料剩余量,计算每天每只大鼠的摄食量,结果见表1。
表1各组大鼠摄食量的变化(g)
注:与空白组比较,*P<0.01。
如表1所示,实验第1天,两组大鼠摄食量比较无明显变化(P>0.05);造模第7天,造模组大鼠摄食量与空白组大鼠摄食量比较,平均降低17.86%,第14天平均降低31.59%,造模组大鼠摄食量较空白组比较明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
3.2造模对各组大鼠体重的变化
适应性喂养3天后,开始正式实验并记录相关数据,结果见表2。
表2各组大鼠体重的变化(g)
注:与空白组比较,*P<0.05或#P<0.01。
如表2所示,实验第1天,两组大鼠体重比较无明显变化(P>0.05);造模第7天,造模组大鼠体重与空白组大鼠体重比较,平均降低9.74%,有统计学意义(P<0.05),第14天平均降低17.10%,造模组大鼠体重较空白组比较明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。说明厌食症模型成功建立。
3.3本发明组合物对实验动物摄食量的影响
待造模成功后,所有大鼠均常规饲料喂养,将造模组按雌雄各半随机分为模型对照组、阳性药对照组、试验高剂量组、试验低剂量组,每组10只,各组大鼠均每日灌胃1次,连续灌服15天,记录给药15天后大鼠摄食量的影响,结果见表3。
表3给药后各组大鼠摄食量的变化(g)
P:与模型组比较。
低剂量治疗组与模型对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05),高剂量治疗组大鼠摄食量与阳性对照组大鼠的摄食量无统计学差异,说明本发明组合物高剂量治疗组疗效与阳性对照药疗效相当,且两者与模型对照组比较均具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。
3.4本发明组合物对实验动物胃泌素的影响
待造模成功后,所有大鼠均常规饲料喂养,将造模组按雌雄各半随机分为模型对照组、阳性药对照组、试验高剂量组、试验低剂量组,每组10只,各组大鼠均每日灌胃1次,连续灌服15天,记录给药15天后大鼠胃泌素的影响,结果见表4。
表4给药后各组大鼠胃泌素的变化
P:与模型组比较。
模型对照组胃窦部胃泌素含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),低剂量治疗组胃窦部胃泌素含量回升,与模型对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),高剂量治疗组胃窦部胃泌素含量回升程度与阳性对照组疗效相当,与模型对照组比较均具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。
实验例2治疗小儿厌食症临床疗效观察
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 选取2017年4月至2018年3月在临沂市中医医院儿科门诊就诊的厌食症患儿64例,中医辨证属脾气虚弱、胃阴不足者。纳入标准:符合小儿厌食症的诊断标准,年龄在14周岁以下。排除标准:消化系统器质性病变,合并其他全身性疾病,药物过敏。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。观察组:男17例,女15例,平均年龄(3.71±1.60)岁,平均病程(2.72±1.57)月;对照组:男16例,女16例,平均年龄(3.74±1.56)岁,平均病程(2.68±1.64)月。两组性别、年龄、病程等一般资料比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法 观察组服用实施例8制备的散剂样品,开水送服,每日3次,其中1-2岁:每次5g;3-6岁:每次10g;7-14岁:每次20g。对照组口服江中小儿健胃消食片(江中药业股份有限公司,批号:16061011;),每日3次,其中1-2岁:每次1片;3-6岁:每次2片;7-14岁:每次3片。两组患儿均连续治疗4周。
1.3疗效判定标准 参照国家中医药管理局发布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》及《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(2002年版),拟定如下疗效判定标准:①治愈:食欲与食量均恢复到正常水平;②显效:食欲明显恢复,食量恢复到正常水平的3/4;③有效:食欲好转,食量略有增加而未达到正常水平3/4;④无效:食欲及食量均无改善。
总有效率=[(治愈+显效+有效)/总例数]×100%。
1.4统计学处理运用SPSS16.0统计软件进行统计学分析,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2试验结果
两组临床疗效结果比较见表5。
表5两组患儿临床疗效比较(n,%)
两组数据经χ2检验,其P值>0.05,表明观察组样品与对照组江中小儿健胃消食片相比,二者疗效相当,且观察组治愈率、总有效率均高于对照组。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明,但本领域相关技术人员理应知晓,此所述实施例并不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1颗粒剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参50g、白术50g、麦冬50g、玉竹50g、石斛20g、山楂50g、白芍40g、陈皮40g、独脚金50g、甘草20g,混匀,以水煎煮3小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10的浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉50g、鸡内金细粉20g,并按1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、糊精,混匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,制成颗粒剂1000g。
实施例2颗粒的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参200g、白术200g、麦冬200g、玉竹200g、石斛100g、山楂200g、白芍120g、陈皮120g、独脚金200g、甘草100g,混匀,以水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%,冷沉12小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉200g、鸡内金细粉100g,并按2:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、糊精,混匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,制成颗粒剂1000g。
实施例3散剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参80g、白术80g、麦冬80g、玉竹80g、石斛40g、山楂80g、白芍60g、陈皮60g、山药40g、鸡内金80g、独脚金80g、甘草40g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.15的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达70%,冷沉48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按3:1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、淀粉、糊精,采用过筛混合法使其混合均匀,达到色泽一致,制成散剂1000g。
实施例4口服液的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参120g、白术120g、麦冬120g、玉竹120g、石斛60g、山楂120g、白芍100g、陈皮100g、山药120g、鸡内金60g、独脚金120g、甘草60g,混匀,以水煎煮3次,每次1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.25的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%,冷沉24小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,加水稀释并搅匀,冷藏24小时,滤过,滤液加入倍他环糊精,搅拌包合,再加入蔗糖,搅匀,加水至1000ml,调节pH值至4.5-6.5,滤过,灌装,灭菌,即得。
实施例5咀嚼片的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参60g、白术60g、麦冬70g、玉竹60g、石斛30g、山楂60g、白芍50g、陈皮50g、独脚金70g、甘草30g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次2.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10的浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉70g、鸡内金细粉30g,并按3:1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、乳糖、甘露醇,混匀,制粒,干燥,制得颗粒1000g,加0.5%硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,压片,片重0.5g。
实施例6颗粒剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参180g、白术160g、麦冬150g、玉竹160g、石斛80g、山楂170g、白芍110g、陈皮110g、山药150g、鸡内金80g、独脚170g、甘草90g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%,冷沉12小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按3:1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、羟丙基淀粉、甘露醇,混匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,制成颗粒剂1000g。
实施例7凝胶剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参130g、白术140g、麦冬120g、玉竹160g、石斛70g、山楂150g、白芍100g、陈皮110g、山药130g、鸡内金90g、独脚金130g、甘草70g,混匀,以水煎煮3次,每次2小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.20的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%,冷沉12小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,备用,取卡波姆934GE树脂:卡拉胶(1:4),加水溶胀,置70-90℃水浴中加热20-30分钟,加入安赛蜜、山梨酸,搅拌使溶解,在等温下,加入上述浸膏和水至体积1000ml,搅拌均匀,趁热过60目筛,冷却,分装,即得。
实施例8散剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参100g、白术100g、麦冬100g、玉竹100g、石斛50g、山楂100g、白芍80g、陈皮80g、独脚金100g、甘草50g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.15的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%,冷沉24小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉100g、鸡内金细粉50g,并按3:1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、乳糖、糊精,混匀,干燥,再行粉碎成细粉,达到色泽一致,制成散剂1000g。
实施例9口服液的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参90g、白术100g、麦冬90g、玉竹100g、石斛50g、山楂90g、白芍70g、陈皮80g、山药100g、鸡内金50g、独脚金90g、甘草50g,混匀,以水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.2的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达70%,冷沉48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,加水稀释并搅匀,冷藏12小时,滤过,滤液加入蔗糖,搅匀,加水至1000ml,调节pH值至4.5-7.0,滤过,灌装,灭菌,即得。
实施例10散剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参60g、白术180g、麦冬100g、玉竹80g、石斛80g、山楂120g、白芍100g、陈皮80g、独脚金60g、甘草30g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.30的浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉60g、鸡内金细粉80g,并按3:2:1的重量比加入乳糖粉、糊精、氧化镁,混匀,干燥,再行粉碎成细粉,达到色泽一致,制成散剂1000g。
实施例11凝胶剂的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参110g、白术90g、麦冬120g、玉竹70g、石斛90g、山楂150g、白芍110g、陈皮60g、山药30g、鸡内金60g、独脚金150g、甘草80g,混匀,以水煎煮2小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达80%,冷沉48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,备用,取黄原胶:卡拉胶(1:1),加水溶胀,置80-90℃水浴中加热20-30分钟,加入阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、山梨酸,搅拌使溶解,在等温下,加入上述浸膏和水至体积1000ml,搅拌均匀,趁热过60目筛,冷却,分装,即得。
实施例12咀嚼片的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参60g、白术70g、麦冬180g、玉竹150g、石斛30g、山楂60g、白芍100g、陈皮50g、独脚金150g、甘草50g,混匀,以水煎煮2次,每次3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.15的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%,冷沉24小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药细粉100g、鸡内金细粉80g,并按2:1:1的重量比加入蔗糖粉、乳糖、甘露醇,混匀,制粒,干燥,制得颗粒1000g,加1%硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,压片,片重0.8g。
实施例13咀嚼片的制备
1)取党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草12种原料药材,其中,党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草、山药切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参100g、白术90g、麦冬100g、玉竹100g、石斛50g、山楂110g、白芍80g、陈皮70g、山药90g、鸡内金50g、独脚金100g、甘草50g,混匀,以水煎煮2.5小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.20的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达60%,冷沉12小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按2:1:1的重量比加入乳糖、木糖醇、甘露醇,混匀,制粒,干燥,制得颗粒1000g,加0.8%硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,压片,片重0.8g。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗小儿厌食症的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列中药组分制成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列中药组分制成:
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列中药组分制成:
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,白术优选炒白术,山楂优选炒山楂,白芍优选炒白芍,鸡内金优选炒鸡内金。
5.一种药品,其特征在于,含有如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的中药组合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述药品,其特征在于,所述药品为颗粒剂、散剂、咀嚼片、口服液或凝胶剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药品,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤1)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药、鸡内金细粉,混合,加入常规辅料,制成散剂、颗粒剂或咀嚼片。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药品,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,山药、鸡内金净洗、灭菌、干燥处理,分别粉碎成细粉,麦冬净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%-80%,优选的是,含醇量达60%,冷沉12-48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,按配方量加入步骤1)山药、鸡内金细粉,混合,加入常规辅料,制成颗粒剂、散剂或咀嚼片。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药品,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取党参、白术、玉竹、山楂、白芍、山药、甘草切片,石斛、陈皮、独脚金切段,麦冬、鸡内金净选,备用;
2)取步骤1)党参、白术、麦冬、玉竹、石斛、山楂、白芍、陈皮、山药、鸡内金、独脚金和甘草饮片,混匀,以水煎煮1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并煎液,滤过,浓缩至40-70℃时相对密度为1.10-1.30的浸膏,加入95%的乙醇使含醇量达50%-80%,优选的是,含醇量达60%,冷沉12-48小时,滤过,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成浸膏Ⅰ,备用;
3)取步骤2)浸膏Ⅰ,加入常规辅料,制成散剂、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、口服液或凝胶剂。
10.根据权利要求7-9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)煎煮2次,每次1.5小时。
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