CN110547376A - Microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles and a preparation method thereof. The microcapsule feed selects core materials, wall materials and emulsifiers, adopts a two-step emulsification method to prepare multi-core unshaped but relatively stable slurry which is a two-membrane three-phase system W/O/W type multiple emulsion, and prepares the microcapsule feed for the larval and young large yellow croakers with certain nutrient indexes, water stability and particle size distribution through dispersion and spray drying. The core material comprises fish meal, casein, microalgal flour, algal polysaccharide, fresh oyster meat, fresh egg yolk and antioxidant fish oil. The wall material comprises starch octenyl succinate, glucan and fresh egg white. The liquid emulsifier is lipophilic sorbitan monooleate and hydrophilic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate respectively. The microcapsule feed prepared by the invention can replace 25% of biological bait.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture fishing feed, and particularly relates to a microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Big yellow croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) is one of the main seawater cultured fishes in China, but the yield of big yellow croaker seedlings is reduced more in three years, the yield of the big yellow croaker seedlings in 2018 in China is 32.5675 hundred million tails, 65.797 million tails are reduced compared with 2017, the reduction is 16.81%, the yield of the big yellow croaker seedlings in 2016 in Fujian province is up to 36.3 hundred million tails, the yield of the big yellow croaker seedlings in 2018 is reduced to 28.788 hundred million tails, the reduction is up to 20.94%, the yield reduction of the big yellow croaker seedlings is reduced by a plurality of factors, but the current situation of the seedling production still needs to depend on biological baits such as rotifer, artemia, copepods and the like, the production of the biological baits (1ive prey, LP) needs to occupy water and manpower, the cost is high, the yield and quality are unstable, the time required for seedling feeding is not easy to synchronize with the hidden dangers of pathogenic microorganisms, and the like, and is.
The microcapsule (microcapsule) is prepared by coating active substances such as solid, liquid or gas and the like into tiny particles by adopting a film-forming material, the microencapsulation technology is successfully applied in the fields of medicaments, foods, fine chemical engineering, pesticide fertilizers and the like, the microencapsulation technology is applied, the bottleneck of restriction of biological baits on the production of large yellow croaker fries is broken through, the current bait supply situation of the juvenile fish breeding and seedling production is improved, the requirements of developing large yellow croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) microcapsule feedstuff and partially replacing biological baits are urgent, related researches show a new hot point, the technical bottlenecks in the preparation of the microcapsule feedstuff for the large yellow croaker fries are mainly four, namely, the functions of the initial digestive organs of the body development of the large yellow croaker fries are weak, two opposite viewpoints exist on the research of the influence of exogenous digestive enzymes on the endogenous digestive enzymes in the early stage of the fries, the death rate of the large yellow croaker fries in the nutrition sensitive stage is extremely high, the multiple and complex in components and the various chemical components and structures are formed, the microcapsule has no fixed theory, the core material characteristics, the uniform characteristics, the core material embedding rate, the core material, the stability in water stability, the.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the current situation, the invention provides a microcapsule feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae and a preparation method thereof, in order to break through the restriction bottleneck of biological feed on the production of the pseudosciaena crocea larvae and improve the current situation of feed supply for the production of aquaculture cultured seedlings of marine fishes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A microcapsule feed for Pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises premixed powdered core material, wall material and surfactant; the premixed powder core material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580 parts of superfine pulverized fish meal, 320 parts of casein, 50 parts of microalgal powder and 50 parts of algal polysaccharide; 460 and 480 parts of fresh oyster meat, 500 parts of fresh egg yolk, 60 parts of antioxidant fish oil and 2200 parts of water; the wall material comprises the following raw materials: 120 parts of starch octenylsuccinate (SSOS), 120 parts of glucomannan (KGM), 420 parts of fresh egg white and 600 parts of water; the emulsifier is 39-51 parts of sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and 39-51 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80).
A preparation method of a microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following specific steps:
preparing W/O type colostrum liquid by the step of SOO 1: weighing fresh oysters in the premixed powder core material, putting the oysters into a stainless steel material barrel, mincing the oysters into oyster slurry, and adding the rest of the premixed powder core material; then adding sorbitan monooleate (Span 80); firstly, primarily stirring, then passing through a high-shear dispersion emulsifying machine, selecting and matching a middle-grade aperture cylindrical surface stirring head, operating at a high-grade rotation speed of 7000rpm for 6-7 minutes, and preparing the W/O type colostrum feed liquid.
Step SOO2, preparing W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry: according to the weight parts, firstly, octenyl succinic acid starch ester (SSOS), glucosan (KGM) and water in the wall material raw materials are weighed to prepare an aqueous solution of octenyl succinic acid starch ester (SSOS) and glucosan (KGM); then mixing the fresh egg white liquid; and adding polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), primarily stirring, pouring into a stainless steel material barrel, matching with all W/O type primary emulsion material liquid prepared in the step SOO1, starting an SG400 type emulsifying machine at 20-22 ℃, rotating at 2500rpm, uniformly expanding the dispersed material liquid, stabilizing the emulsifying effect, and operating for 3 minutes to prepare the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry.
Step SOO3 shaping of the microcapsule feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea: and (3) conveying the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry prepared in the step SOO2 to a centrifugal atomizer of a drying unit through a peristaltic pump, and dehydrating and forming in a dispersion atomizing drying chamber to obtain the microcapsule feed product for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae.
The main process parameters of the drying unit in the step SOO3 are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 145 ℃; the temperature of an air outlet is 70-75 ℃; the frequency of a feed slurry peristaltic pump is 50 times/min; the frequency of a power supply of a variable-frequency speed-regulating driving motor of the slurry atomizing disperser is 400 Hz; the slurry barrel stirrer speed was 25 rpm.
The invention has the advantages that:
the preparation method of the microcapsule for the young large yellow croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) and the feed thereof selects fresh oyster meat, algal polysaccharides, fish meal, fresh egg yolk, egg white liquid, KGM, SSOS, antioxidant fish oil and other suitable core materials, wall materials and emulsifiers as raw materials, and correspondingly matches the forming process conditions, and uncertain reactions do not occur in the compatibility of the core materials, the wall materials and the emulsifiers.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: SEM image of microcapsule feed for larval and juvenile Pseudosciaena crocea. A, B, C, D in the figure represent samples of different sizes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the following examples are only examples of the present invention and do not represent the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Example 1
A preparation method of a microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following specific steps:
Preparing powdery premixed raw materials: weighing the warps in parts by weight, the wefts in parts by weight and 50 parts by weight of algal polysaccharides, and preparing a premixed raw material by using a mixing stirrer, wherein the CV value of the stirrer is less than 8%.
Step S001, preparing colostrum feed liquid: 460g of fresh oyster meat is weighed and put into a material cup, and a handheld electric stirrer is used for stirring and crushing the fresh oyster into slurry. Pouring into a stainless steel charging basket, then ultrafine grinding 580g of fish meal, 320g of casein, 50g of microalgae, 50g of algal polysaccharides, 500g of fresh egg yolk, 60g of antioxidant fish oil, and 2200 ml of water; an additional 39g of Span80 was added. Firstly, primarily stirring and mixing by using a handheld electric stirrer, and then shearing at high speed by using an SG400 type emulsifying machine (provided with a cylindrical surface stirring head with the middle gear aperture) at the rotating speed of 7000rpm for 6 minutes to prepare the W/O type colostrum feed liquid.
Step SOO2, preparing W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry: weighing 120g of SSOS, 120g of KGM and 600 ml of water, and preparing into an aqueous solution of the SSOS and the KGM; and (2) mixing 420g of fresh egg clear liquid, mixing with all the W/O type primary emulsion material liquid prepared in the step S001 after primary stirring, adding 51g of Tween80, starting an emulsifying machine at 20 ℃, rotating at 2500rpm, uniformly expanding the stable emulsifying effect of the material liquid in a stainless steel material barrel, and operating for 3 minutes to prepare the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry.
step SOO3 shaping of the microcapsule feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea: and (3) conveying the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry prepared in the step SOO2 to a centrifugal atomizer of a DIS-10 drying unit through a peristaltic pump, and dehydrating and forming in a dispersion atomizing drying chamber to obtain the microcapsule feed finished product for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea. Regulating and controlling main technological parameters of a DIS-10 drying unit: the air inlet temperature is 145 ℃; the temperature of an air outlet is 75 ℃; the frequency of a feed slurry peristaltic pump is 50 times/min; the frequency of a power supply of a variable-frequency speed-regulating driving motor of the slurry atomizing disperser is 400 Hz; the slurry barrel stirrer speed was 25 rpm.
Calculating the composition of 9 Essential Amino Acids (EAA) in the microcapsule feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea and reference protein of the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea at 35 days: the essential amino acid index EAAI is 93.52, the Jaccard coefficient is 0.944, and the amino acid ratio coefficient SRC is 81.20. The amino acid composition of the large yellow croaker microcapsule feed is close to the composition mode of the protein amino acid of the seedling body of the large yellow croaker of 35 days old, and meets the nutritional requirements of the young large yellow croaker. The microcapsule feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles prepared by the method is sampled and observed under an electron microscope, and the result shows that the electron microscope SEM images of the microcapsule particles are different in size and are in a coating shape (see figure 1).
TABLE 1 data of parallel conversion of 35-day-old seedling body of large yellow croaker and amino acid detection value of microcapsule feed, and RC and SRC numerical value calculation results
Amino acid ratio RC ═ Ai/Ai = total amount of certain amino acid in microcapsule feed/total amount of amino acid of same species in fry
The coefficient of variation of the amino acid Ratio (RC), CV, is the standard deviation of RC/mean of RC
Mean of the amino acid ratios RC = 0.9177
Standard deviation of RC 0.1726
Standard deviation of CV-RC/mean of RC =0.1880
SRC=100×(1–CV) ＝100×（1–0.1880）＝81.20
Example 2
A microcapsule feed for Pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises premixed powdered core material, wall material and surfactant; the premixed powder core material comprises: 460g of fresh oyster; 580g of fish meal and 500g of fresh egg yolk; 320g of casein powder; 50g of microalgae powder; 50g of algal polysaccharide; 60g of antioxidant fish oil; 2200 ml of water; the wall material comprises: 120g of starch octenylsuccinate (SSOS), 120g of glucomannan (KGM), 420g of fresh egg white and 600g of water; the emulsifier is 51g of sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and 39g of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80).
a preparation method of a microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following specific steps:
preparing W/O type colostrum liquid by the step of SOO 1: weighing fresh oysters in the premixed powder core material, putting the oysters into a stainless steel material barrel, mincing the oysters into oyster slurry, and adding the rest of the premixed powder core material; then adding sorbitan monooleate (Span 80); firstly, primarily stirring, then passing through a high-shear dispersion emulsifying machine, selecting and matching a middle-grade aperture cylindrical surface stirring head, rotating at a high-grade rotation speed of 7000rpm for 7 minutes, and preparing the W/O type colostrum feed liquid.
step SOO2, preparing W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry: according to the weight parts, firstly, octenyl succinic acid starch ester (SSOS), glucosan (KGM) and water in the wall material raw materials are weighed to prepare an aqueous solution of octenyl succinic acid starch ester (SSOS) and glucosan (KGM); then mixing the fresh egg white liquid; and adding polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), primarily stirring, pouring into a stainless steel material barrel, matching with all W/O type primary emulsion material liquid prepared in the step SOO1, starting an SG400 type emulsifying machine at 20 ℃, rotating at 2500rpm, uniformly expanding the dispersed material liquid, stabilizing the emulsifying effect, and operating for 3 minutes to prepare the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry.
Step SOO3 shaping of the microcapsule feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea: and (3) conveying the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry prepared in the step SOO2 to a centrifugal atomizer of a drying unit through a peristaltic pump, and dehydrating and forming in a dispersion atomizing drying chamber to obtain the microcapsule feed product for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae. The main technological parameters of the drying unit are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 145 ℃; the temperature of an air outlet is 70 ℃; the frequency of a feed slurry peristaltic pump is 50 times/min; the frequency of a power supply of a variable-frequency speed-regulating driving motor of the slurry atomizing disperser is 400 Hz; the slurry barrel stirrer speed was 25 rpm.
example of use
The feeding effect test is carried out by replacing biological bait with the microcapsule feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae prepared in the example 2:
The microcapsule feed for the large yellow croaker larvae prepared in the embodiment 2 is produced by combining 3 parallel treatments and a feeding effect test of replacing biological baits with the microcapsule feed for the large yellow croaker larvae of 10-day-old water-production limited company in 2015, namely, the large yellow croaker breeding base of Ningde city in Fujian province, wherein the treatment results are combined for seedling raising production, the treatment results of the treatment results are respectively that the whole biological baits are D 0, the replacing biological baits are 25% group D 25, the replacing biological baits are 50% group D 50 and the replacing biological baits are 75% group D 75, and after the test is carried out for 15 days and 32 days, namely, when the large yellow croaker larvae reach 25-day-old and 42-day-old, the body length and the body weight of the large yellow croaker larvae are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 microcapsule feed effect test on body length and body weight of fry of large yellow croaker
Note: the capital letters in the same row are the same and have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05), the capital letters are different and have significant difference (P is less than 0.01), and the lowercase letters are different and have significant difference (P is less than 0.05).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A microcapsule feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae is characterized in that: the microcapsule feed comprises a premixed powder core material, a wall material and a surfactant; the premixed powder core material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580 parts of superfine pulverized fish meal, 320 parts of casein, 50 parts of microalgal powder and 50 parts of algal polysaccharide; 460 and 480 parts of fresh oyster meat, 500 parts of fresh egg yolk, 60 parts of antioxidant fish oil and 2200 parts of water; the wall material comprises the following raw materials: 120 parts of starch octenylsuccinate, 120 parts of glucan, 420 parts of fresh egg white and 600 parts of water; the emulsifier is 39-51 parts of sorbitan monooleate and 39-51 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
2. The preparation method of the microcapsule feed for the larval and young pseudosciaena crocea as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
Preparing W/O type colostrum liquid by the step of SOO 1: weighing fresh oysters in the premixed powder core material, putting the oysters into a stainless steel material barrel, mincing the oysters into oyster slurry, and adding the rest of the premixed powder core material; then adding sorbitan monooleate; firstly, primarily stirring, then passing through a high-shear dispersion emulsifying machine, selecting a middle-grade aperture cylindrical surface stirring head, operating at a high-grade rotation speed of 7000rpm for 6-7 minutes, and preparing W/O type primary emulsion feed liquid;
Step SOO2, preparing W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry: according to the weight parts, octenyl succinic acid starch ester, glucan and water in the wall material raw materials are weighed to prepare an aqueous solution of octenyl succinic acid starch ester and glucan; then mixing the fresh egg white liquid; adding polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, primarily stirring, pouring into a stainless steel material barrel, matching with all W/O type primary emulsion material liquid prepared in the step SOO1, starting an SG400 type emulsifying machine at 20-22 ℃, uniformly expanding dispersed material liquid at 2500rpm, stabilizing the emulsifying effect, and operating for 3 minutes to prepare W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry;
Step SOO3 shaping of the microcapsule feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea: and (3) conveying the W/O/W type multiple emulsion slurry prepared in the step SOO2 to a centrifugal atomizer of a drying unit through a peristaltic pump, and dehydrating and forming in a dispersion atomizing drying chamber to obtain the microcapsule feed product for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae.
3. The preparation method of the microcapsule feed for the young and the young large yellow croakers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main parameters of the drying machine set in the step SOO3 are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 145 ℃; the temperature of an air outlet is 70-75 ℃; the frequency of a feed slurry peristaltic pump is 50 times/min; the frequency of a power supply of a variable-frequency speed-regulating driving motor of the slurry atomizing disperser is 400 Hz; the slurry barrel stirrer speed was 25 rpm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112741229A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 中国海洋大学 | Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112741229A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 中国海洋大学 | Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof |
| CN112741229B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-08 | 中国海洋大学 | Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof |
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