CN110547089A - Self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of track - Google Patents
Self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of track Download PDFInfo
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- CN110547089A CN110547089A CN201910716746.5A CN201910716746A CN110547089A CN 110547089 A CN110547089 A CN 110547089A CN 201910716746 A CN201910716746 A CN 201910716746A CN 110547089 A CN110547089 A CN 110547089A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
- A01D43/04—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with haymakers, e.g. tedders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
- A01D57/01—Devices for leading crops to the mowing apparatus
- A01D57/02—Devices for leading crops to the mowing apparatus using reels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
- A01D57/01—Devices for leading crops to the mowing apparatus
- A01D57/02—Devices for leading crops to the mowing apparatus using reels
- A01D57/04—Arrangements for changing the position of the reels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
- A01D57/20—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers with conveyor belts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D67/00—Undercarriages or frames specially adapted for harvesters or mowers; Mechanisms for adjusting the frame; Platforms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower, which comprises a pair of walking crawlers, a main frame, a cutting device, an auxiliary feeding and reel device and a laying device, wherein the walking crawlers are arranged on the main frame; the laying device is obliquely arranged above the front half part of the walking crawler belt towards the direction of rape to be collected, the upper end of the laying device is arranged on the main frame, and the lower end of the laying device is fixed on the cutting device; the frame is matched with the laying device, meanwhile, the middle of the machine is left as a rape cutting and sunning laying channel, and the rape is cut and laid backwards in the middle after being collected by the cutting and conveying device, so that the conveying distance of the cut rape is reduced, and the conveying efficiency is improved; the manual path opening is not needed before the operation, the rape cutting stubble in the middle laying area is not rolled, the plants are guaranteed to be laid on the cutting stubble, overhead airing is formed, the plants are not in contact with moist soil, light transmission and ventilation are achieved, after-ripening is facilitated, and the follow-up mechanized picking and harvesting are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of segmental harvesting in agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower.
Background
Rape is the first large oil crop in China, the planting area of the rape is more than 10000 mu in recent years, and the winter rape planting area of the Yangtze river basin accounts for 90 percent. The domestic rapeseed oil accounts for more than 55% of the oil yield of domestic oil crops, and development of rape production has important strategic significance for maintaining national edible oil supply safety. However, in recent years, the rape planting efficiency is low and the industrial development faces huge pressure due to the market impact of rural labor transfer, low mechanization degree, high labor cost and import of low-price rapeseeds. The first central file 2019 clearly indicates that the production of the rape in Yangtze river basin is to be supported, and the demonstration and popularization of new varieties and the whole process mechanization are promoted.
The rape harvesting is a key link of the whole-process mechanized production of the rape, and is mainly divided into two types of mechanized combined harvesting and mechanized segmented harvesting according to a harvesting process route. The segmented harvest of the rapes is to cut and pour rape plants in advance into fields for airing in the early yellow maturity stage of the rapes, and then pick up, thresh, clean and harvest after the rapes are after-ripened. Compared with combined harvest, the segmented harvest has the advantages of long harvest time, strong adaptability to the shape of rape plants, consistent maturity of seeds, full seeds and small harvest loss. In the southern rice tanker planting area, the field can be raised in advance through segmented harvesting, and the planting of the later-reaped rice is facilitated.
the existing rape cutter-rower can be divided into two types, one type is a large rape cutter-rower, the operation width is more than 2.5 m, the large rape cutter-rower is usually hung on a high-clearance tractor and is laid in the middle, the cutter-rower has higher efficiency, larger volume and large turning radius, and is suitable for dry land operation with larger field area and flat terrain, such as spring rape areas of Europe, Canada, Mongolia, Xinjiang and the like. One is a small rape cutter-rower, the width of the working pair is below 2.5 m, and a small tractor or a crawler-type power chassis is used as power. For example, the chinese patent with application number 2012510559271.1 discloses a swather suitable for harvesting rape, the working width is 1.85 meters, the swather is hung on a power machine in a front hanging mode by adopting a full hydraulic drive, functional components such as cutting, conveying, laying and reel wheels are adopted, the cut rape is conveyed to the middle under the combined action of a conveying and laying device, but because of the operation of the Yangtze river basin rice oil, the rice planting in summer and autumn is soaked for a long time, the rape planting in winter and spring has more rainwater, the mud feet of the field are deep and the soil is sticky, and the machine tool adopts front hanging assembly, the problems of large front wheel load, easy sinking of operation, large field turning radius and the like exist, and the machine tool trafficability is insufficient. Chinese patent with application number 201420571400.3 discloses a small-size crawler-type rape cutter-rower, adopts crawler-type walking chassis, and operating performance and maneuverability improve to some extent, but the machines still adopt the front suspension to change the joining in marriage, and cutter-rower mainly adopts the side to spread, and the row of standing grain mouth is in header one side promptly, and the plant is carried after cutting off and is spread the side, need open a way in advance during the operation, and the plant transportation distance is longer, easily causes conveyor's jam and shop to spread unorderly. The chinese patent with application number 201520074744.8 discloses a rape cutter-rower, adopts crawler-type walking chassis, and the flexible operation is better to topography adaptability, and cutter-rower combines together through conveying chain and conveyer belt and will cut the plant transportation machines rear after pouring and spread, and plant conveying distance is longer, increases the disorder that the plant was spread, blocks up easily.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower which can enhance laying efficiency and avoid blockage aiming at the defects of the technology.
in order to achieve the purpose, the crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower comprises a pair of walking crawlers, a main frame, a cutting device, an auxiliary feeding reel device and a laying device; the laying device is obliquely arranged above the front half part of the walking crawler belt towards the direction of rape to be collected, the upper end of the laying device is arranged on the main frame, and the lower end of the laying device is fixed on the cutting device;
The main frame comprises a front frame, a rear frame, a left loading platform and a right loading platform, wherein the left loading platform and the right loading platform are symmetrically arranged; the left end of the front frame is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the left object carrying platform, the right end of the front frame is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the right object carrying platform, the left end of the rear frame is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the left object carrying platform, and the right end of the rear frame is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the right object carrying platform;
The laying device comprises a laying rack and a pair of chain type conveying devices, the chain type conveying devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the conveying rack, the upper portion of the laying rack is hinged with the middle portion of the front frame, the lower portion of the laying rack is welded with the cutting device, and a first hydraulic cylinder is arranged between each of two sides of the laying rack and the front frame; meanwhile, the front frame and the rear frame are both hollow frame structures, and a channel formed by leaving a space in the middle of the laying rack and a space between the left objective platform and the right objective platform form an obstacle-free laying channel for laying the oil-supplying vegetables.
Furthermore, each chain type conveying device comprises a conveying support plate, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a conveying belt and elastic teeth arranged on the conveying belt, and the lower end of the conveying support plate is connected to the laying rack; the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively installed on the conveying supporting plate through bearing seats, the driving shaft is connected with the hydraulic motor through a coupler, the driving shaft drives the driven shaft through chain transmission, and the position of the driving shaft can be changed through adjustment of a tensioning bolt welded together with the bearing seats.
Furthermore, the elastic teeth are arranged in a matrix on the conveying belt, a stop block is further arranged below the conveying belt, and the stop block is fixed between the two side plates of the conveying support plate; in addition, the stop block is provided with a groove for the elastic tooth to pass through.
Further, the laying device comprises a pair of conveying shells, the pair of conveying shells and the pair of chain type conveying devices are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the conveying shells surround the chain type conveying devices from the outer side of the chain type conveying devices.
Further, the cutting device comprises a cross cutter and a crop divider; the transverse cutter comprises a transverse fixed cutter, a transverse movable cutter, a first eccentric disc and a transverse guide rod, the transverse fixed cutter is fixed with a beam at the lower part of the laying frame, the transverse movable cutter is connected with the transverse fixed cutter in a sliding mode, the transverse movable cutter is hinged with the transverse wire guide rod, the transverse guide rod is hinged with the first eccentric disc, and the first eccentric disc is driven by a cutting hydraulic motor.
furthermore, the divider comprises a pair of vertical cutters and a pair of passive dividers, the pair of vertical cutters are respectively arranged in the vertical direction at the left end and the right end of the transverse divider, the vertical cutters comprise vertical cutting frames, vertical fixed cutters, vertical movable cutters, vertical guide rods and second eccentric discs, the vertical cutting frames are fixedly connected with two ends of a cross beam at the lower part of the laying frame, and meanwhile, the vertical cutting frames are fixedly connected with a conveying shell of the laying device through a baffle;
The vertical fixed cutter and a cross beam at the front end of the vertical cutting frame are fixed together, the vertical movable cutter and the vertical fixed cutter are in sliding connection, the vertical guide rod is composed of two ball heads with built-in ball bearings and a threaded rod with threads at two ends, the two ball heads are respectively connected with two ends of the threaded rod through threaded connection, one ball head is hinged with the second eccentric disc, and the other ball head is hinged with the cross guide rod.
Furthermore, the pair of passive dividers and the pair of vertical cutters are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the passive dividers are arranged at the lower parts in front of the vertical cutters and welded with the vertical cutter frame.
Furthermore, the auxiliary feeding reel device comprises a reel frame and a reel wheel, the reel frame is hinged with the top of the front frame, and the reel wheel is arranged above the cross cutter and fixed on the reel frame; and a pair of second hydraulic cylinders is arranged between the grain pulling frame and the top of the front frame.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower has a compact longitudinal structure, functional components such as the laying device, the cutting device, the auxiliary feeding and reel device and the like are carried above the front half part of the crawler, the crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower has small turning radius, good maneuverability, flexible field transportation and stable walking, and can be suitable for small fields and hilly areas;
2) The crawler chassis is used as a walking device, so that the defect that a cutter-rower matched with a wheeled tractor is easy to sink into the ground is avoided, and the crawler-type tractor is suitable for the operation of loose and soft adhesion of deep mud feet and rice stubble fields to the ground surface;
3) The frame is matched with the laying device, meanwhile, the middle of the machine is left as a rape cutting and sunning laying channel, and the rape is cut and laid backwards in the middle after being collected by the cutting and conveying device, so that the conveying distance of the cut rape is reduced, and the conveying efficiency is improved; manual path opening is not needed before operation, the rape cutting stubble in the middle laying area is not rolled, the plants are guaranteed to be laid on the cutting stubble, overhead airing is formed, contact with moist soil is avoided, light and air are transmitted, after-ripening is facilitated, and follow-up mechanized picking and harvesting are facilitated;
4) the cutting device and the auxiliary feeding reel device can be lifted and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder to adjust the working height so as to adapt to rapes with different growth conditions, thereby enhancing the adaptability to the difference of rape varieties and the difference of planting modes;
5) The laying device is obliquely arranged, so that the distance from the rape cutting to the laying device is shortened, the rape can be conveyed by the laying device and then laid as soon as possible after the rape is cut, the laying efficiency is improved, and the blockage is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the main frame of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the chain conveyor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cutting device shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the vertical cutter in fig. 5.
The components in the figures are numbered as follows: traveling crawler 1, main frame 2 (wherein: front frame 21, rear frame 22, left crawler beam 221, right crawler beam 222, left object platform 23, right object platform 24), laying device 3 (wherein: chain conveyor 30, laying frame 31, conveying shell 32, first hydraulic cylinder 33, conveying support plate 301, driving shaft 302, driven shaft 303, conveying belt 304, elastic tooth 305, stopper 306, tensioning bolt 307), cutting device 4 (wherein: cross cutter 41, cross stationary knife 411, cross movable knife 412, first eccentric disc 413, cross guide bar 414, cutting hydraulic motor 415, divider 42, vertical cutter 43, vertical cutting frame 431, vertical stationary knife 432, vertical movable knife 433, vertical guide bar 434, second eccentric disc 435, baffle 436, 437, protective shell, vertical cutting hydraulic motor 439, passive divider 44, feeding baffle 45), auxiliary reel device 5, driven reel 44, feeding baffle 438, etc.), A power system 6, a driving system 7, an obstacle-free laying channel 8 and a reel 51 (wherein, a reel 52 and a second hydraulic cylinder 53).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower comprises a pair of walking crawlers 1, a main frame 2, a cutting device 4, an auxiliary feeding reel device 5 and a laying device 3. The pair of walking tracks 1 are arranged in bilateral symmetry and are welded with the main frame 2 to form a track chassis for walking, so that the phenomenon that the ground is easily sunk when the field works is avoided; the laying device 3 is horizontally or obliquely arranged above the front half part of the walking crawler 1 towards the direction of rape to be collected, the upper end of the laying device 3 is arranged on the main frame 2, the lower end of the laying device 3 is fixed on the cutting device 4, the rape can quickly reach a conveying area on the laying device 3 after being cut down, the conveying efficiency is improved, and the auxiliary feeding and seedling shifting device 5 is arranged above the cutting device 4 and is connected with the main frame 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the main frame 2 includes a front frame 21, a rear frame 22, a left objective platform 23 and a right objective platform 24, the left objective platform 23 and the right objective platform 24 are symmetrically arranged, wherein the left objective platform 23 is provided with a driving system 7, the right objective platform 24 is provided with a power system 6, the one-side walking crawler 1 is fixedly connected to a left crawler cross beam 221 at the bottom of the left objective platform 23, and the other-side walking crawler 1 is fixedly connected to a right crawler cross beam 222 at the bottom of the right objective platform 24; the left end of the front frame 21 is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the left object carrying platform 23, the right end of the front frame 21 is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the right object carrying platform 24, the left end of the rear frame 22 is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the left object carrying platform 23, and the right end of the rear frame 22 is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the right object carrying platform 24; because the front frame 21 and the rear frame 22 are both hollow frame structures, the space between the left carrying platform 23 and the right carrying platform 24 forms a barrier-free laying channel 8 for laying the rapes, so that space is provided for laying the cut and fallen rapes in the middle of the cutter-rower, the conveying distance of the rapes is shortened, the rapes can be quickly laid after being cut, meanwhile, the rape straws on the middle channel are reserved, the rapes can be laid on stubbles for overhead airing after being cut, and the losses such as rot caused by poor ventilation of direct contact between the rape airing process and the ground are avoided.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the laying device 3 is located between the cutting device 4 and the main frame 2 and above the walking crawler 1, and is horizontally arranged or obliquely arranged towards the direction of rape to be harvested according to the shape and size of the walking crawler. The laying device 3 comprises a laying frame 31, a pair of chain type conveying devices 30 and a pair of conveying shells 32, the pair of chain type conveying devices 30 are installed on the two sides of the conveying frame 31 in a bilateral symmetry mode through bolts, the disassembly and the maintenance are convenient, meanwhile, the pair of conveying shells 32 and the pair of chain type conveying devices 30 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the conveying shells 32 surround the chain type conveying devices 30 from the outer sides of the chain type conveying devices 30, the winding of rape straws is avoided, and the reliability of the laying device is improved. The upper part of the laying frame 31 is hinged with the middle part of the front frame 21, the lower part of the laying frame 31 is welded with the cutting device 4, a first hydraulic cylinder 33 is respectively arranged between the two sides of the laying frame 31 and the front frame 21, and the working height of the cutting device can be adjusted by controlling the extension and contraction of the first hydraulic cylinder 33, so that different stubble heights after rape cutting are obtained, different harvesting requirements are met, such as feed harvesting or rapeseed harvesting, and the universality of the machine is enhanced. Meanwhile, a channel formed by leaving a space in the middle of the laying frame 31 and a space between the left carrying platform 23 and the right carrying platform 24 jointly form a barrier-free laying channel 8 for laying rape, so that the chain type conveying device 30 conveys the rape on the left side and the rape on the right side to the barrier-free laying channel 8 for laying, and the conveying distance of the cut rape is shortened.
Every chain conveyor 30 is including carrying backup pad 301, driving shaft 302, driven shaft 303, conveyer belt 304 and installing the bullet tooth 305 on conveyer belt 304, carries backup pad 301 lower extreme to pass through bolted connection to be fixed on putting frame 31, carries backup pad 301's both sides to pass through bolted connection with two transport shells 32 respectively and fixes mutually, and the installation of being convenient for is dismantled, is favorable to the maintenance in later stage. The driving shaft 302 and the driven shaft 303 are respectively installed on the conveying supporting plate 301 through bearing seats, the driving shaft 302 is connected with a hydraulic motor through a coupler, the driving shaft 302 drives the driven shaft 303 through chain transmission, wherein the conveying chain is provided with bilateral support lugs, the conveying belt 304 is made of nylon or canvas belt and is fixed on the support lugs of the conveying chain through bolt connection, the driven shaft 303 can change the position through adjustment of a tensioning bolt 307 welded together with the bearing seats, the center distance of the chain is adjusted, and the tension degree of the conveying belt is guaranteed. When the hydraulic motor drives the driving shaft, the conveying belt can move synchronously along with chain transmission, the conveying belt is driven to run through the chain transmission, the defect that the belt is likely to run after the existing roller drives the conveying belt to run at an overhigh rotating speed is avoided, the reliability of the machine tool is enhanced, meanwhile, the tensioning force required by the machine tool is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced.
The elastic teeth 305 are arranged on the conveyer belt 304 in a matrix manner and are used for assisting in conveying the cut rape. The elastic teeth 305 are made of nylon materials and have certain elasticity, can be compressed when running below the conveying belt, save space, ensure that the rape row spacing is 280-300 mm according to the agricultural requirements of rape, ensure that the mechanism complexity is not increased, simultaneously ensure that the rape is better conveyed, and the row spacing of the elastic teeth is slightly smaller than the rape row spacing and is 200 mm. A stop block 306 made of wood or plastic is arranged below the conveying belt 303, and the stop block 306 is fixed between the two side plates of the conveying support plate through bolt connection. In addition, the stopper 306 is provided with a groove for the elastic tooth 305 to pass through, so as to prevent the rape straw from influencing the operation of the chain type conveying device after entering the conveying machine shell 32.
As shown in connection with fig. 5, the cutting device 4 comprises a cross cutter 41 and a crop divider 42; the transverse cutter 4 is horizontally arranged at the front end of the machine tool, is 2 meters long, is suitable for the width of an existing rape compartment, and comprises a transverse fixed cutter 411, a transverse movable cutter 412, a first eccentric disc 413 and a transverse guide rod 414, wherein the transverse fixed cutter 411 is fixedly connected with a lower cross beam of the laying frame 31 through bolts, the transverse movable cutter 412 is in sliding connection with the transverse fixed cutter 411 and reciprocates back and forth to cut off rape to be harvested, the consistency of the height of cut stubbles is ensured, the transverse movable cutter 412 is hinged with the transverse guide rod 414, the transverse guide rod 414 is hinged with the first eccentric disc 413, the transverse movable cutter 412 and the transverse fixed cutter 411 form a crank-slider mechanism, the first eccentric disc 413 is directly driven by a cutting hydraulic motor 415, the existing complex mechanical transmission unit is simplified, the structure is simplified, the transmission efficiency is improved, and the vibration is reduced.
As shown in fig. 6, the crop divider 42 is used to separate the left and right twisted rape plants before cutting, so as to avoid rape loss caused by the rape plants at both sides of the machine during cutting. Each divider comprises a pair of vertical cutters 43 and a pair of passive dividers 44, the specific process is that the passive dividers 44 are firstly utilized to extrude and divide the seedlings, and then the vertical cutters at two sides are utilized to cut and divide the seedlings, the combined use degree of the active seedling dividing and the passive seedling dividing reduces the seedling dividing loss, the operation is simple and convenient, and the operation effect is obvious. The pair of vertical cutters 43 are respectively arranged on the left end and the right end of the transverse cutter 41 in the vertical direction, each vertical cutter 43 comprises a vertical cutter frame 431, a vertical fixed cutter 432, a vertical movable cutter 433, a vertical guide rod 434 and a second eccentric disc 435, the vertical cutter frames 431 are fixedly connected with two ends of a cross beam at the lower part of the laying frame 31, meanwhile, the vertical cutter frames 431 are fixedly connected with the conveying shell 32 of the laying device 3 through a baffle 436, the strength is enhanced, the stability of the vertical cutters in working is improved, meanwhile, the two sides of the laying device 3 are shielded by utilizing the baffles 45, and the loss caused by popping of rapes from the two sides of the laying device in the conveying and laying process is avoided;
the vertical fixed knife 432 is fixedly connected with a front end beam of a vertical cutting frame 431 through a bolt, the vertical movable knife 433 is in sliding connection with the vertical fixed knife 432, the vertical guide rod 434 is composed of ball heads 436 of two built-in ball bearings and a threaded rod 437 with threads at two ends, the two ball heads 436 are respectively connected with two ends of the threaded rod 437 through threaded connection, the distance between the two ball heads 436 can be adjusted, the universality of the vertical guide rod is enhanced, one ball head 436 is hinged with a second eccentric disc 435, and the other ball head 437 is hinged with a transverse guide rod 434.
the vertical cutting knife 43 further comprises a protective shell 438, the second eccentric disc 435 and the vertical cutting hydraulic motor 439 are wrapped, the phenomenon that the rotation of the vertical cutting knife is affected by the winding of rape plants is avoided, the second eccentric disc, the vertical guide rod and the vertical movable knife form a spatial crank slider mechanism, a ball bearing is arranged in a ball head, and a spherical pair is formed by the second eccentric disc and the vertical movable knife, so that the required installation precision is reduced, the reliability of the operation of the vertical cutting knife is improved, the second eccentric disc 435 is directly driven by the vertical cutting hydraulic motor 439, the vertical movable knife is driven by the vertical guide rod to reciprocate relative to the vertical fixed knife, the cutting is realized, the existing mechanical transmission form of the vertical cutting knife driven by the horizontal cutting knife is simplified, the vertical cutting knife has independent power, the structure is simplified, the speed is adjustable.
the pair of passive dividers 44 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the pair of vertical cutters 43, the passive dividers 44 are arranged at the lower part in front of the vertical cutters 43 and are welded with the vertical cutter frame 431, so that the problems of grain drop loss and blockage caused by dense distribution and winding of rape plant branches during harvesting can be effectively solved, the rape plants are divided in advance by combining the active dividers and the passive dividers before cutting, the loss and the passing resistance of rape grains are reduced, and the passing performance of machines is improved.
The auxiliary feeding reel device 5 comprises a reel frame 51 and a reel 52, the reel frame 51 is hinged with the top of the front frame 21, the reel 52 is arranged above the transverse cutter 41 and fixed on the reel frame 51 through bolt connection, and is used for feeding rape to be harvested to a machine tool in a shifting manner, so that the cutting is facilitated, and the cutting efficiency is improved. A pair of second hydraulic cylinders 53 is arranged between the reel stand 51 and the top of the front frame 21, and the adjustment of the working height of the auxiliary feeding reel device can be controlled by controlling the second hydraulic cylinders, so that the auxiliary feeding reel device is suitable for harvesting rapes with different heights caused by different varieties and regions, and the applicability of the device is enhanced.
the power system drives the walking crawler belt, the pair of chain type conveying devices, the reel, the transverse cutter and the vertical cutter through a hydraulic motor. When the cutter-rower operates in the field, the power system transmits power to the moving parts of the parts through the hydraulic motor, the walking crawler drives the machine to advance, the hydraulic motor drives the reel to rotate through belt transmission, and the reel shifts rape stalks to be cut to the cutting and conveying device of the cutter-rower; the transverse cutter reciprocates under the action of a hydraulic motor through a crank slide block to cut off the rape straws; meanwhile, the rape stalks are divided into rows by the grain dividers on the two sides of the transverse cutter, and branches wound on the upper parts of the rapes are cut off by the vertical cutter, so that the grain division is completed; after being cut off, the rapes positioned in the middle of the transverse cutter are directly paved on the straws which are not rolled in the middle of the field through the barrier-free paving channel under the action of the reel and the transverse cutter, the rapes positioned on the left side and the right side of the transverse cutter are conveyed towards the middle after being cut off under the shifting of the elastic teeth of the conveying belts which move towards the middle on the chain type conveying devices on the two sides of the paving device, and are paved in the field through the barrier-free paving channel, so that the whole cutting, conveying and paving processes of the rapes are completed.
The rape cutter-rower adopts the cooperation of the walking crawler and the frame type frame as the walking device, has good maneuverability, flexible field transportation and stable walking, has good trafficability in small fields and hilly areas, and avoids the defects of difficult transportation and easy land sinking of a tractor traction type cutter-rower; meanwhile, the frame type frame leaves a space in the middle of the machine tool as an obstacle-free laying channel, and the laying device is matched to centrally convey the cut rapes to the middle for laying, so that the conveying distance of the cut rapes is reduced, the conveying efficiency is enhanced, the conditions of blockage, winding and the like are avoided, and the loss of rape seeds is reduced; the manual path opening is not needed before the operation, the rape stubble in the middle laying area is not rolled, the plants are guaranteed to be laid on the stubble to form overhead airing, the plants are not in contact with moist soil, the light transmission and the ventilation are realized, the after-ripening is facilitated, the follow-up mechanical picking and harvesting are convenient, and the structure is simple and the operation is convenient.
Claims (8)
1. a crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower comprises a pair of walking crawlers (1), a main frame (2), a cutting device (4), an auxiliary feeding reel device (5) and a laying device (3); the method is characterized in that: the laying device (3) is obliquely arranged above the front half part of the walking crawler (1) towards the direction of rape to be collected, the upper end of the laying device (3) is arranged on the main frame (2), and the lower end of the laying device (3) is fixed on the cutting device (4);
the main frame (2) comprises a front frame (21), a rear frame (22), a left object carrying platform (23) and a right object carrying platform (24), and the left object carrying platform (23) and the right object carrying platform (24) are symmetrically arranged; the left end of the front frame (21) is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the left object platform (23), the right end of the front frame (21) is fixed at the outer side edge of the upper surface of the right object platform (24), the left end of the rear frame (22) is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the left object platform (23), and the right end of the rear frame (22) is fixed at the inner side edge of the upper surface of the right object platform (24);
The laying device (3) comprises a laying rack (31) and a pair of chain type conveying devices (30), the chain type conveying devices (30) are arranged on two sides of the conveying rack (31) in a bilateral symmetry mode, the upper portion of the laying rack (31) is hinged to the middle of the front frame (21), the lower portion of the laying rack (31) is welded with the cutting device (4), and a first hydraulic cylinder (33) is arranged between each of two sides of the laying rack (31) and the front frame (21); simultaneously, front frame (21) and back frame (22) are cavity frame structure, lay the space between the passageway that the middle part left the sky to form and left objective platform (23) and right objective platform (24) on frame (31) and form obstacle-free laying passageway (8) that the confession oil dish was laid jointly.
2. The crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 1, wherein: each chain type conveying device (30) comprises a conveying support plate (301), a driving shaft (302), a driven shaft (303), a conveying belt (304) and elastic teeth (305) arranged on the conveying belt (304), and the lower end of the conveying support plate (301) is connected to the laying rack (31); the driving shaft (302) and the driven shaft (303) are respectively installed on the conveying support plate (301) through bearing seats, the driving shaft (302) is connected with a hydraulic motor through a coupler, the driving shaft (302) drives the driven shaft (303) through chain transmission, and the position of the driving shaft (303) can be changed through adjusting a tension bolt (307) welded together with the bearing seats.
3. The crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 2, wherein: the elastic teeth (305) are arranged on the conveying belt (304) in a matrix manner, a stop block (306) is further arranged below the conveying belt (303), and the stop block (306) is fixed between two side plates of the conveying support plate; in addition, a groove for the elastic tooth (305) to pass through is arranged on the stop block (306).
4. The crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 2, wherein: the laying device (3) comprises a pair of conveying shells (32), the pair of conveying shells (32) and the pair of chain type conveying devices (30) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the conveying shells (32) surround the chain type conveying devices (30) from the outer side of the chain type conveying device (30).
5. The crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 1, wherein: the cutting device (4) comprises a cross cutter (41) and a crop divider (42); the transverse cutter (4) comprises a transverse fixed cutter (411), a transverse movable cutter (412), a first eccentric disc (413) and a transverse guide rod (414), the transverse fixed cutter (411) is fixed with a cross beam at the lower part of the laying rack (31), the transverse movable cutter (412) is in sliding connection with the transverse fixed cutter (411), the transverse movable cutter (412) is hinged with the cross line guide rod (414), the transverse guide rod (414) is hinged with the first eccentric disc (413), and the first eccentric disc (415) is driven by a cutting hydraulic motor (415).
6. The tracked self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 5, wherein: the divider (42) comprises a pair of vertical cutters (43) and a pair of passive dividers (44), the pair of vertical cutters (43) are respectively arranged in the vertical direction of the left end and the right end of the transverse cutter (41), the vertical cutters (43) comprise a vertical cutting rack (431), a vertical fixed cutter (432), a vertical movable cutter (433), a vertical guide rod (434) and a second eccentric disc (435), the vertical cutting rack (431) is fixedly connected with two ends of a cross beam at the lower part of the laying rack (31), and meanwhile, the vertical cutting rack (431) is fixedly connected with a conveying shell (32) of the laying device (3) through a baffle (436);
The vertical fixed knife (432) is fixed with a front end beam of a vertical cutting frame (431), the vertical movable knife (433) is in sliding connection with the vertical fixed knife (432), the vertical guide rod (434) is composed of two ball heads (436) with built-in ball bearings and a threaded rod (437) with threads at two ends, the two ball heads (436) are respectively connected with two ends of the threaded rod (437) through threaded connection, one ball head (436) is hinged with the second eccentric disc (435), and the other ball head (437) is hinged with the transverse guide rod (434).
7. The tracked self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 6, wherein: the pair of passive dividers (44) and the pair of vertical cutters (43) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the passive dividers (44) are arranged at the lower part in front of the vertical cutters (43) and welded with the vertical cutter frame (431).
8. the crawler self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary feeding reel device (5) comprises a reel frame (51) and a reel wheel (52), the reel frame (51) is hinged with the top of the front frame (21), and the reel wheel (52) is arranged above the cross cutter (41) and fixed on the reel frame (51); and a pair of second hydraulic cylinders (53) are arranged between the grain pulling frame (51) and the top of the front frame (21).
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| CN201910716746.5A CN110547089A (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of track |
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| CN201910716746.5A CN110547089A (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Self-propelled backpack rape cutter-rower of track |
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| CN114246056A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-29 | 华中农业大学 | Wide-width foldable rape cutter-rower based on crawler-type power chassis |
| CN114271095A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-05 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Special swather for edible beans |
| CN114770623A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Cutting device for special equipment for removing leaves of preserved szechuan pickle |
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| CN114770623A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Cutting device for special equipment for removing leaves of preserved szechuan pickle |
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