CN110540522A - 一种n-硝基-n-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种n-硝基-n-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN110540522A
CN110540522A CN201910797746.2A CN201910797746A CN110540522A CN 110540522 A CN110540522 A CN 110540522A CN 201910797746 A CN201910797746 A CN 201910797746A CN 110540522 A CN110540522 A CN 110540522A
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刘运奎
鲍汉扬
郑立孟
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/76Nitrogen atoms to which a second hetero atom is attached
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种N‑硝基‑N‑烯丙基吡啶‑2‑胺类化合物的合成方法,所述的方法按如下步骤进行:将式I所示N‑(1‑苯基烯丙基)吡啶‑2‑胺、硝基源、氧化剂和溶剂加入反应管中,于0‑50℃下搅拌反应2‑6小时,得到反应液经后处理得到式II所示的N‑硝基‑N‑烯丙基吡啶‑2‑胺类化合物;所述的式I所示N‑(1‑苯基烯丙基)吡啶‑2‑胺、硝基源、氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:1‑3:1‑3。本发明所述的方法以亚硝酸盐加氧化剂的模式取代了目前的广泛使用的混酸硝化方法,具有反应条件温和,官能团兼容性好(烯烃可以兼容),不存在芳环上的亲电硝化,反应的选择性高,节约能源消耗;产率高,操作简便等优点。

Description

一种N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机化合物的合成方法,具体地说涉及一种N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法。
(二)背景技术
硝胺是指胺上的氢原子被硝基所取代的一类化合物的通称。硝胺类化合物往往拥有易燃易爆的特性,因此在含能材料领域有着广泛的应用,如上世纪30年代开发的高能量密度的1,3,5-三硝基-1,35-三氮杂环己烷(黑索今,RDX)和1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷(奥克托今,HMX)等。近一个世纪以来,含能材料领域获得了迅速的发展,却也面临着新的挑战。化学家们发现随着含能材料的能量密度的进一步提升,它的感度也随之大大提高,这十分不利于它在武器中的利用。如,六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的能量密度只比HMX提高了约6%-10%,但安全性能却下降了许多。这意味着硝胺类含能材料仍有很大的发展空间,因此,研究开发硝胺类化合物的相关合成技术具有广阔的应用前景。
目前,硝胺类化合物主要是通过对胺类化合物进行硝化得到,使用的硝化试剂主要可以分为(1)硝硫混酸(2)硝酸-醋酐(3)硝酸与发烟硫酸(4)硝酸-三氧化硫(5)硝酸-五氧化二磷。此类硝化试剂往往有很大的弊端,如单取代硝化与多取代硝化难以控制、底物普适性差、环境污染严重等。鉴于上述存在的背景,开发一种高选择性、绿色环保的胺类化合物的硝化方法是十分有必要的。
(三)发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明旨在提供一种N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法。
一种N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法具体按如下步骤进行:
将式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺、硝基源、氧化剂和溶剂加入反应管中,于0-50℃(优选为0℃)下搅拌反应2-6小时(优选为4小时),得到反应液经后处理得到式II所示的N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物;所述的式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺、硝基源、氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:1-3:1-3(优选为1:2:2);
式I或式II中:
R1 中的一种,n1的范围为1-5;
R2为H、Me、Cl、Br或F中的一种,n2的范围为1-5。
进一步,本发明所述硝基源为亚硝酸银、亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾、亚硝酸叔丁酯,优选为亚硝酸钠。
进一步,本发明所述氧化剂为N-氯代丁二酰亚胺、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、过硫酸钾、硝酸铈铵、过硫酸氢钾复合盐、二醋酸碘苯,优选为N-氯代丁二酰亚胺。
进一步,本发明所述有机溶剂为乙腈、1,2-二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环、硝基甲烷、甲苯中的一种,优选为乙腈。
进一步,本发明所述有机溶剂的加入总量以所述的式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺的物质的量计为10mL/mmol。
进一步,本发明所述反应液的后处理方法为:反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以体积比为5/1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯=的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到所述的式II所示的N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明所述的方法以亚硝酸盐加氧化剂的模式取代了目前的广泛使用的混酸硝化方法,具有反应条件温和,官能团兼容性好(烯烃可以兼容),不存在芳环上的亲电硝化,反应的选择性高,节约能源消耗;产率高,操作简便等优点。
(四)具体实施方法
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
本发明所述原料N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺类化合物的制备通法。
以合成N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺为例:将2-氨基吡啶(3.0mmol),醛(3.0mmol),对甲苯磺酸(0.06mmol,10mg)和分子筛粉末(2.0g)置于50mL三口烧瓶中,加入无水THF(20mL),在氩气下回流反应18h,然后将反应冷却至-78℃,然后加入乙烯基溴化镁(6mL,1.0M/THF,2.0equiv)。将反应在-78℃下反应30min,然后逐渐升至室温,继续反应过夜。反应结束后,用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(1mL)淬灭,然后再加入30mL水,用EtOAc进行萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经过无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,取滤液,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为无色液体,产率79%。
本发明所述的过硫酸氢钾复合盐的型号为4.5%(active oxygen),厂家为韶远试剂。
实施例1
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸银(0.6mmol,92.3mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率82%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例2
将N-(1-4-(甲氧基苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,72mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率81%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.50-8.45(m,1H),7.88(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.73(m,1H),7.27-7.20(m,3H),6.91(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.84-6.79(m,2H),6.59-6.48(m,1H),5.34-5.22(m,2H),3.77(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ158.72,154.31,147.86,138.31,133.62,129.38,128.66,121.86,119.40,114.82,113.61,59.36,55.21.
实施例3
将N-(1-(4-腈基苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,70.6mg)、亚硝酸钾(0.6mmol,51.1mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率78%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.47-8.37(m,1H),7.97(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.90-7.76(m,1H),7.57(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.31-7.22(m,1H),6.96(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.52-6.39(m,1H),5.42-5.32(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ153.69,147.84,142.97,138.63,132.09,131.82,127.40,122.08,121.60,118.70,114.23,110.91,59.03.
实施例4
将N-(1-(4-硝基苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,76.6mg)、亚硝酸叔丁酯(0.6mmol,61.9mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率58%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.45-8.42(m,1H),8.17-8.11(m,2H),7.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.90-7.81(m,1H),7.46-7.39(m,2H),7.3-73.23(m,1H),7.00(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.55-6.42(m,1H),5.43-5.34(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ153.62,147.85,146.92,145.04,138.67,131.77,127.51,123.50,122.12,114.22,58.81,56.02.
实施例5
将N-(1-(3-甲基苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,67mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,106.8mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率41%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.51-8.44(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.88-7.75(m,1H),7.26-7.22(m,1H),7.18(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.09-7.02(m,3H),6.95(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.61-6.50(m,1H),5.44-5.20(m,2H),2.31(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.30,147.87,138.30,137.88,137.21,133.40,128.13,127.92,127.50,123.88,121.79,119.89,114.56,59.72,21.45.
实施例6
将N-(1-(3-氯苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,73.4mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、过硫酸钾(0.6mmol,162.2mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率31%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.52-8.41(m,1H),7.96(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.85-7.78(m,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.26-7.22(m,1H),7.22-7.18(m,2H),7.17-7.11(m,1H),6.93(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.58-6.45(m,1H),5.39-5.29(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ153.92,147.84,139,49,138.45,134.18,132.49,129.46,127.30,127.04,124.98,121.92,120.77,114.33,59.01.
实施例7
将N-(1-(2-氟苯基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,68.5mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、硝酸铈铵(0.6mmol,328.9mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率10%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48-8.42(m,1H),7.86(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.80-7.74(m,1H),7.63-7.53(m,1H),7.24-7.17(m,2H),7.13-7.07(m,2H),6.95-6.88(m,1H),6.52-6.43(m,1H),5.37-5.27(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ161.12,159.15,154.01,147.69,138.23,131.95,130.48(d,J=3.75Hz),129.24(d,J=8.75Hz),124.46(d,J=3.75Hz),123.67(d,J=3.75Hz),121.86,119.39,115.07(t,J=12.5Hz),54.14,54.12.
实施例8
将5-甲基-N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,67.3mg)、亚硝酸银(0.6mmol,92.3mg)、过硫酸氢钾复合盐(0.6mmol,368.9mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率25%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(s,1H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.62-7.60(m,1H),7.29-7.28(m,4H),7.24-7.22(m,1H),6.95(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.60-6.53(m,1H),5.35-5.31(m,2H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ152.02,147.80,138.95,137.37,133.35,131.55,128.20,127.08,126.92,119.89,114.29,59.78,17.82.
实施例9
将N-(1-(4-异丙基苯基)烯丙基)-5-甲基-吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,79.9mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、二醋酸碘苯(0.6mmol,193.3mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率54%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.30(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.23(s,2H),7.15(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.91(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.60-6.51(m,1H),5.35-5.21(m,2H),2.96-2.77(m,1H),2.37(s,3H),1.24-1.22(m,6H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ152.14,147.82,147.66,138.93,134.63,133.63,131.51,126.97,126.28,119.53,114.33,59.85,33.63,23.88,18.08,17.82.
实施例10
将N-(1-(4-溴苯基)烯丙基)-5-氯-吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,67.3mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和1,2-二氯乙烷(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率73%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.27(s,1H),7.79(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.39(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.16(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.52-6.44(m,1H),5.34-5.28(m,2H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ151.83,147.84,139.10,136.59,132.86,131.73,131.33,128.87,121.11,1120.39,114.25,59.17,17.88.
实施例11
将N-(1-(4-甲基苯基)烯丙基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,71.5mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率75%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.26(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.61-7.58(m,2H),7.56-7.52(m,1H),7.18-7.11(m,2H),7.08-7.04(m,1H),6.48-6.41(m,1H),5.32-5.20(m,2H),2.32(s,3H),2.17(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ151.68,147.82,138.61,136.02,135.17,133.36,131.75,130.12,129.36,127.58,127.53,125.56,118.22,115.53,57.90,19.15,17.78.
实施例12
将N-(1-(2-氯苯基)烯丙基)-5-甲基-吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,77.6mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和1,4-二氧六环(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率69%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.21(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.71-7.68(m,1H),7.65(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.57-7.52(m,1H),7.24-7.19(m,2H),7.17-7.12(m,1H),6.93(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),6.42–6.35(m,J=17.0,10.3,6.6Hz,1H),5.39–5.28(m,J=19.9,13.6Hz,2H),2.31(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ151.80,147.65,138.68,134.73,133.29,132.05,131.68,131.51,129.22,128.88,126.22,119.21,115.71,57.72,17.84.
实施例13
将5-氯-N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,73.4mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和硝基甲烷(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率39%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.40(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.79-7.74(m,1H),7.31-7.27(m,2H),7.25(d,J=7.7Hz,3H),6.95(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.60–6.50(m,1H),5.37-5.31(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ152.49,146.41,138.16,137.05,133.05,129,61,128.32,127.29,126.88,1120.34,115.10,59.30.
实施例14
将N-(1-(2-萘基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,78mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和甲苯(3mL)加入反应管中,在温室下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率66%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.53-8.41(m,1H),7.97(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.74(m,5H),7.50-7.43(m,2H),7.41-7.37(m,1H),7.24-7.20(m,1H),7.17(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.74-6.65(m,1H),5.48-5.34(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.23,147.85,138.31,134.85,133.24,133.15,132.51,127.93,127.51,126.05,125.98,125.85,124.97,121.82,120.18,114.58,59.65.
实施例15
将N-(1-(2-噻吩基)烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,64.9mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率88%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.36-8.28(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.65-7.56(m,1H),7.24-7.13(m,2H),7.02(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),6.93-6.88(m,1H),6.60-6.48(m,1H),5.32-5.21(m,2H),2.38(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ151.55,147.67,140.07,139.05,134.15,131.64,126.78,126.21,125.44,118.86,114.07,55.15,17.85.
实施例16
将N-(1-环丙基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,52.3mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在50℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率60%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.50-8.46(m,1H),7.89(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.77(m,1H),7.27-7.22(m,1H),6.27-6.09(m,1H),5.23-5.17(m,1H),5.14-5.10(m,1H),4.96-4.90(m,1H),1.81-1.71(m,1H),0.69-0.63(m,1H),0.40-0.30(m,2H),0.19-0.13(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.67,147.71,138.20,134.94,121.67,116.87,114.44,61.72,12.71,5.75,3.49.
实施例16
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.3mmol,20.7mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率59%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例17
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.9mmol,62.1mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率88%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例18
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.3mmol,40mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率72%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例19
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.9mmol,120mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率80%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.6.
实施例20
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应2小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率58%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例21
将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺(0.3mmol,63mg)、亚硝酸钠(0.6mmol,41.4mg)、N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(0.6mmol,80mg)和乙腈(3mL)加入反应管中,在0℃下搅拌反应6小时。反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。该物质为黄色液体,产率85%。
表征数据:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48–8.45(m,1H),7.94(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,1H),7.29-7.27(m,4H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.98(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.62-6.52(m,1H),5.36-5.33(m,1H),5.32-5.31(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.26,147.84,138.30,137.34,133.31,128.24,127.13,126.92,121.79,119.97,114.55,59.66.
实施例22
上述得到的硝胺类化合物可还原为肼:
以N-(1-苯基烯丙基)-N-(2-吡啶基)硝胺的还原为例:将N-(1-苯基烯丙基)-N-(2-吡啶基)硝胺(0.5mmol,127.6mg)溶解于甲醇(2mL)中,用醋酸调节pH=4-5,再向其中加入锌粉(6mmol,196mg),室温下反应4小时。反应结束后过滤,取滤液用Na2CO3水溶液调节pH至碱性,用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机相,加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到产物纯品。产率69%。

Claims (8)

1.一种N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的方法按如下步骤进行:
将式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺、硝基源、氧化剂和溶剂加入反应管中,于0-50℃下搅拌反应2-6小时,得到反应液经后处理得到式II所示的N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物;所述的式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺、硝基源、氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:1-3:1-3;
式I或式II中:
R1 中的一种,n1的范围为1-5。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述硝基源为亚硝酸银、亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾或亚硝酸叔丁酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述氧化剂为N-氯代丁二酰亚胺、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、过硫酸钾、硝酸铈铵、过硫酸氢钾复合盐、二醋酸碘苯。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为乙腈、1,2-二氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环、硝基甲烷或甲苯中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂的加入总量以所述的式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺的物质的量计为10mL/mmol。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的反应温度为0℃,反应时间为4小时。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的式I所示N-(1-苯基烯丙基)吡啶-2-胺、硝基源、氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:2:2。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反应液的后处理方法为:反应结束后,向所得反应液中加入100-200目的柱层析硅胶并减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗产品进行硅胶柱层析分离,并以体积比为5/1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯=的混合溶剂作为洗脱剂进行洗脱,TLC跟踪洗脱进程,收集含有目标产物的洗脱液,合并所述的洗脱液蒸除溶剂得到所述的式II所示的N-硝基-N-烯丙基吡啶-2-胺类化合物。
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