CN110540416B - 一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110540416B
CN110540416B CN201910965182.9A CN201910965182A CN110540416B CN 110540416 B CN110540416 B CN 110540416B CN 201910965182 A CN201910965182 A CN 201910965182A CN 110540416 B CN110540416 B CN 110540416B
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stopper rod
parts
white corundum
pug
magnesium
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CN110540416A (zh
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孙华云
蔡伟
李明晶
殷若光
于乐海
蔡衍坤
殷佩如
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Shandong Mingte Ceramic Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及耐火材料制品技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法，所述塞棒的原料包括白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂；所述方法包括以下步骤：(1)称取原料搅拌，得到泥料；(2)将泥料烘干后装入密闭容器中困料；(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；(4)经压力成型，得到半成品；(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经烘干固化；(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料；(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑烧成，保温制得成品塞棒。本发明提供的塞棒抗折强度可达到15‑23MPa，耐压强度可达到60MPa以上，使用寿命可延长3‑5小时。

Description

一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料制品技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法。
背景技术
塞棒，是指钢水连铸过程中，装在盛钢桶内靠升降位移控制水口开闭及钢水流速的耐火材料棒。
近年来，随着钢厂钢水冶炼节奏的加快及冶炼成本控制的日益严格，对塞棒的性能要求也越来越高。然而，现有塞棒由于抗折强度和耐压强度都偏低，在实际生产时常常会发生塞棒控流失控的现象，严重影响钢坯的连铸进程，已经无法满足现阶段的使用要求。
基于此，提供一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法是十分必要的。
发明内容
针对现有塞棒强度低、寿命短的技术问题，本发明提供一种高强度、高寿命塞棒及其制备方法，塞棒抗折强度可由现有塞棒的6-10MPa提升至15-23MPa，耐压强度可由现有塞棒的30-40MPa提升至60MPa以上，使用寿命可延长3-5小时。
第一方面，本发明提供一种高强度、高寿命塞棒，所述塞棒的原料包括白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂。
进一步的，所述白刚玉包括36目白刚玉、80目白刚玉和320目白刚玉。
进一步的，所述塞棒包括如下重量份数的原料：36目白刚玉20-30份、80目白刚玉10-30份、320目白刚玉20-40份、镁铝合金粉5-10份、石墨10-20份、抗氧化剂3-5份和液体树脂10-15份。
进一步的，所述塞棒包括如下重量份数的原料：36目白刚玉27.5份、80目白刚玉25份、320目白刚玉35份、镁铝合金粉7.5份、石墨15份、抗氧化剂4份和液体树脂12份。
进一步的，所述镁铝合金粉为200目镁铝合金粉。
进一步的，所述镁铝合金粉中镁粉和铝粉的重量比为1：1。
进一步的，所述抗氧化剂为碳化硼。
进一步的，所述液体树脂为酚醛树脂。
第二方面，本发明提供一种高强度、高寿命塞棒的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按比例称取的白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂加入搅拌机中，搅拌10-30min，得到泥料；
(2)将搅拌好的泥料烘干20-30min后装入密闭容器中困料；
(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；
(4)将橡胶模具放入冷等静压机中，经50-120MPa压力成型，得到半成品；
(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经200-300℃烘干固化；
(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料；
(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑，经1100-1300℃烧成，保温8-13h，制得成品塞棒。
进一步的，步骤(1)所述白刚玉包括36目白刚玉、80目白刚玉和320目白刚玉。
进一步的，步骤(1)所述36目白刚玉、80目白刚玉、320目白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂的质量比为(20-30)：(10-30)：(20-40)：(5-10)：(10-20)：(3-5)：(10-15)。
进一步的，步骤(1)所述36目白刚玉、80目白刚玉、320目白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂的质量比为27.5：25：35：7.5：15：4：12。
进一步的，步骤(6)所述防氧化涂料的原料包括硼玻璃粉、高岭土、工业硅粉、阿拉伯树胶和水。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供一种高强度、高寿命塞棒，该塞棒原料包括白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂，由于镁、铝熔点都很低，产品在烧成过程中，会产生轻微液相，进一步填补白刚玉等原料间的缝隙，使得产品的结合性能、抗折性能和耐压性能大为增强，同时改善了产品的热震稳定性。
本发明还提供了一种高强度、高寿命塞棒的制备方法，采用该工艺烧成，比传统烧成时间缩短5-8h，大大降低烧成成本，增强了窑炉利用率。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
筛选例
采用单因素法对塞棒原料中白刚玉的重量份数、白刚玉的粒度分布、镁铝合金粉的重量份数进行筛选；将上述原料按照相同的制备方法制得塞棒，并测试其抗折强度和耐压强度。
塞棒的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按比例称取的白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂加入搅拌机中，搅拌20min，得到泥料；
(2)将搅拌好的泥料烘干25min后装入密闭容器中困料；
(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；
(4)将橡胶模具放入冷等静压机中，经80MPa压力成型，得到半成品；
(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经250℃烘干固化；
(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料，；
(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑经1200℃烧成，保温10h，制得成品塞棒。
1、白刚玉份数
采用单因素方法对白刚玉的重量份数进行筛选，并对筛选例制得的塞棒进行抗折性能和耐压性能测试，筛选例的原料配比及性能测试结果如下表1所示。
表1筛选例的原料配比及性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002230255270000041
根据表1可知，当白刚玉的用量逐渐增大时，塞棒的抗折强度和耐压强度先增长然后趋于平稳，特别是在白刚玉重量份数50-100份时，抗折强度和耐压强度都较更少用量时明显提升，而当白刚玉的重量份数大于100份时，抗折强度和耐压强度的变化很小，说明更多的白刚玉对提升塞棒的抗折强度和耐压强度帮助不大。基于此，筛选得到白刚玉的重量份数为50-100份，优选为87.5份。
2、白刚玉粒度分布
在白刚玉重量份数确定为50-100份，优选为87.5份的基础上，其他原料用量保持不变，对白刚玉的粒度分布进行筛选，对筛选例制得的塞棒进行抗折性能和耐压性能测试，筛选例的白刚玉粒度分布及性能测试结果如下表2所示。
表2筛选例的白刚玉粒度分布及性能测试
Figure BDA0002230255270000051
根据表2可以看出，筛选例11当目数选择为36目、80目和320目时，抗折强度和耐压强度提升最多，这主要由两方面原因决定：一是提升白刚玉的堆积密度需要一个较宽的粒径分布，二是为提升烧结活性，需要较小的粒径分布，以提升白刚玉的比表面积。综合以上两点因素，筛选例11三种白刚玉间大小配合，80目和320目的细小颗粒/粉末填充于紧密排列的36目白刚玉构成的间隙中，使白刚玉形成更紧密的堆积结构；同时，80目白刚玉和较多的320目白刚玉能有效提升筛选例11中白刚玉的比表面积，增强质点的可动性，从而提升烧结活性。尽管筛选例13的性能与筛选例11接近，但由于其粒度普遍偏小，在生产中极易形成飞粉扬尘，不仅影响生产环境，还会出现原料不足的问题。因此，筛选得到最适宜的粒度分布为36目、80目和320目。
申请人还在筛选例11的基础上继续优化白刚玉粒径分布，在36目、80目和320目三种白刚玉的基础上，增加5目白刚玉和/或400目白刚玉，同时调节不同粒径白刚玉的重量份数，使白刚玉的总重量份数保持87.5份不变。对采用相同的制备方法烧成后的塞棒进行抗折强度和耐压强度的测试，结果表明，当白刚玉的粒径组成超过3种时，对塞棒性能的提升不明显，无实际意义。
3、镁铝合金粉份数
在确定白刚玉重量份数为50-100份、优选为87.5份，白刚玉粒度为36目、80目和320目时，对镁铝合金粉份数进行筛选，对筛选例制得的塞棒进行抗折性能和耐压性能测试，筛选例的镁铝合金粉份数及性能测试结果如下表3所示。镁铝合金粉中镁粉：铝粉＝1:1。
表3筛选例的镁铝合金粉份数及性能测试
Figure BDA0002230255270000061
Figure BDA0002230255270000071
从表3可以看出，当镁铝合金粉的重量份数在5-10份之间时，抗折强度和耐压强度的增长比较明显，当重量份数超过10后，强度增量变小，说明超出10份后的镁铝合金粉的添加并没有为塞棒性能的提升带来明显的积极效果。也就是说，在上述原料组成的基础上，5-10份的镁铝合金粉熔化后能更好地覆盖各个原料间堆积形成的缝隙，使塞棒结合更加紧密，从而提升塞棒的抗折性能和耐压性能；当镁铝合金粉不足5份时，仍有部分孔隙无法得到填补，因此塞棒内存在不均匀现象，产品性能较低；当镁铝合金粉超过10份后，镁铝合金粉已经过量，因此，筛选出镁铝合金粉的重量份数为5-10份，优选为7.5份。
对比例1
对比例1将筛选例17中的镁铝合金粉换成等重量份数的镁铝尖晶石，其他原料选择及塞棒制备方法与筛选例17一致。对筛选例17和对比例1制得的塞棒进行性能测试，结果如下表4所示。
表4筛选例17和对比例1的性能测试
性能指标 抗折强度/MPa 耐压强度/MPa
筛选例17 22.72 62.53
对比例1 7.37 50.66
镁铝尖晶石的熔点较高，在本发明制备工艺烧成温度下，并不能像镁铝合金粉一样熔化成可填补白刚玉间缝隙的轻微液相，因此对塞棒抗折强度和耐压强度的提升有限。
实施例1一种高强度、高寿命塞棒
塞棒的原料包括36目白刚玉27.5份、80目白刚玉25份、320目白刚玉35份、200目镁铝合金粉(镁粉：铝粉＝1:1)7.5份、石墨15份、抗氧化剂碳化硼4份和液体酚醛树脂12份；
上述塞棒的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按比例称取的白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂加入搅拌机中，搅拌20min，得到泥料；
(2)将搅拌好的泥料烘干25min后装入密闭容器中困料；
(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；
(4)将橡胶模具放入冷等静压机中，经80MPa压力成型，得到半成品；
(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经250℃烘干固化；
(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料，防氧化涂料的原料包括硼玻璃粉、高岭土、工业硅粉、阿拉伯树胶和水；
(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑，经1200℃烧成，保温10h，制得成品塞棒。
所得塞棒的抗折强度为22.72MPa，耐压强度为62.53MPa。
实施例2一种高强度、高寿命塞棒
塞棒的原料包括36目白刚玉22份、80目白刚玉16份、320目白刚玉28份、200目镁铝合金粉(镁粉：铝粉＝1:1)6份、石墨17份、抗氧化剂碳化硼3.5份和液体酚醛树脂14份；
上述塞棒的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按比例称取的白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂加入搅拌机中，搅拌25min，得到泥料；
(2)将搅拌好的泥料烘干30min后装入密闭容器中困料；
(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；
(4)将橡胶模具放入冷等静压机中，经100MPa压力成型，得到半成品；
(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经220℃烘干固化；
(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料，防氧化涂料的原料包括硼玻璃粉、高岭土、工业硅粉、阿拉伯树胶和水；
(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑，经1150℃烧成，保温12h，制得成品塞棒。
所得塞棒的抗折强度为20.85MPa，耐压强度为61.88MPa。
尽管通过优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述，但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下，本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换，而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求所述的保护范围为准。

Claims (1)

1.一种高强度、高寿命塞棒，其特征在于，塞棒的原料包括36目白刚玉27.5份、80目白刚玉25份、320目白刚玉35份、200目镁铝合金粉7.5份、石墨15份、抗氧化剂碳化硼4份和液体酚醛树脂12份，所述镁铝合金粉中镁粉和铝粉的重量比为1：1；
塞棒的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按比例称取的白刚玉、镁铝合金粉、石墨、抗氧化剂和液体树脂加入搅拌机中，搅拌20min，得到泥料；
(2)将搅拌好的泥料烘干25min后装入密闭容器中困料；
(3)将困好的泥料装填入橡胶模具中；
(4)将橡胶模具放入冷等静压机中，经80MPa压力成型，得到半成品；
(5)将成型后的半成品装入烘干窑中，经250℃烘干固化；
(6)用车床将烘干后的半成品加工至规则形状后涂刷一层防氧化涂料，防氧化涂料的原料包括硼玻璃粉、高岭土、工业硅粉、阿拉伯树胶和水；
(7)待涂料完全干燥后，将产品装入烧成窑，经1200℃烧成，保温10h，制得成品塞棒；
塞棒的抗折强度为22.72MPa，耐压强度为62.53MPa。
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