CN110537478A - Camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate and preparation method and seedling raising method thereof - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate and preparation method and seedling raising method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110537478A CN110537478A CN201910886149.7A CN201910886149A CN110537478A CN 110537478 A CN110537478 A CN 110537478A CN 201910886149 A CN201910886149 A CN 201910886149A CN 110537478 A CN110537478 A CN 110537478A
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- seedling raising
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- camellia oleifera
- walnut green
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 claims abstract 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001543 Corylus americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004922 Vigna radiata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method, wherein the seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum. The seedling raising matrix fully utilizes the walnut green seedcase fermentation matrix as the seedling raising matrix, can provide N, P, K elements required for the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings, and compared with the traditional seedling raising matrix, the germination rate of the seedling raising matrix in camellia oleifera seedling raising is remarkably improved, so that the seedling raising matrix can be used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix to carry out camellia oleifera seedling raising. The method is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcase, shortens the seedling culture period and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera seedling raising, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method.
Background
The seedling culture substrate is the basis of a container seedling culture technology, and the container seedling culture is particularly suitable for the requirements of factory and large-scale production, and can improve the efficiency of seedling culture production and the survival rate of seedling culture. The traditional seedling culture medium mainly comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite, but the peat belongs to non-renewable resources, and excessive mining and use of the peat not only can cause resource shortage, but also can cause unpredictable damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and develop or search new substrates which are cheap, widely available and renewable.
the walnut is one of four dry fruits (almond, hazelnut, cashew nut and walnut) in the world, the market demand is gradually increasing, and the planting amount of the walnut is also gradually increasing in order to adapt to the market demand. China is a big producing country of walnuts, and the development of the walnut industry also brings about the problem of waste treatment. 45 ten thousand tons of walnut green husks, 24 ten thousand tons of walnut shells and 36 ten thousand tons of walnut nuts are produced in China. Wherein, only a few walnut green husks are used for medicine, and most walnut green husks are directly burnt or randomly stacked or buried in situ, thus causing resource waste and environmental pollution.
The detection data show that the protein content in the walnut green husk is 1.78%, the ash content is 1.06%, the crude fiber content is 5.72%, and the walnut green husk also contains abundant vitamin C and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and the like. In addition, the green peel of walnut also contains 39 volatile oils, 7 fatty acids, 5 monosaccharides and more than 15 amino acids. The walnut green seedcase is rich in nutrition, high in yield, stable in yield, and relatively stable in water content and nutritional ingredients, so that the biomass walnut green case needs to be effectively utilized, and waste of resources is avoided.
In the invention patent with publication number CN107549465A, a walnut green husk feed additive and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein walnut green husk is extracted as a feed additive, which can replace antiviral drugs and antibiotics in the feed, reduce the dosage thereof, and achieve the purposes of inhibiting the propagation of common pathogenic bacteria and viruses of livestock and poultry, adjusting the proportion of intestinal flora, preventing infectious diseases and increasing the survival rate of livestock and poultry. The pigment extracted from the walnut green husk can be effectively utilized in printing and dyeing textiles and practical natural pigment preparation. However, no report is found on the study of the walnut green seedcase used as the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix which fully utilizes the walnut green seedcase as the seedling raising matrix, so that the problem of peat soil shortage is greatly relieved, the high-efficiency and multi-level utilization of the walnut green seedcase biomass resources is promoted, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are improved.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix and a seedling raising method, the method is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcases, and is used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix to carry out camellia oleifera seedling raising.
in order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate;
The walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green skin, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
Further, the auxiliary fermentation substrate is one or more of walnut shells, lotus seed shells and longan shells.
Further, the water-retaining matrix is one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice hulls and corncobs.
furthermore, the seedling raising substrate also comprises 10-15 parts of laterite by weight.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;
S2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws and the auxiliary fermentation substrate into coarse powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 55-65% to obtain a fermentation heap;
S3, inoculating 1/2 amounts of the composite fermentation inoculant into the fermentation pile body in the step S2, covering a heat preservation film with holes, turning the pile once every 2-3 days, and performing primary fermentation;
S4, when the fermentation temperature in the step S3 is reduced to 40 ℃, the remaining compound fermentation microbial inoculum is inoculated into the fermentation pile body, the heat preservation film with holes is covered, the pile is turned over once every 2-3 days, and secondary fermentation is carried out; when the fermentation process is finished, obtaining the walnut green husk fermentation substrate;
S5, weighing 60-80 parts of the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in the step S4 and 10-20 parts of a water retention substrate according to parts by weight, adding water for pre-wetting, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Further, in step S2, the particle size of the coarse powder is 5 to 15 mm.
Further, in the step S4, the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is 2-7 mm.
Further, 10-15 parts of laterite is added into the seedling culture substrate in the step S5.
Further, in step S5, the moisture content of the seedling raising substrate is 55% to 65%.
The invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking oil tea seeds to be sown in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, changing clear water once a day, then mixing and laminating the soaked oil tea seeds in wet sand, covering the top of the wet sand with a layer of wet gauze, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature environment at 25-30 ℃, keeping the moisture content of the wet sand at 55-65%, and breaking mouths of more than half of the seeds after 5-7 days for later use;
step two, sowing and seedling raising: and (2) putting a seedling culture medium prepared by taking walnut green husks as raw materials into a forest seedling culture pot, sowing the seeds soaked in the seed soaking treatment in the step one into the seedling culture medium, covering a mulching film, keeping the seedling culture medium to be alternately dry and wet, and culturing after 25 days of growth and development to obtain the camellia oleifera seedling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, the preparation method thereof and the seedling raising method, and the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix which is mainly characterized in that walnut green husks and leguminous plant straws are fermented to obtain a decomposed fermentation matrix, and then the fermentation matrix and a water-retention matrix are mixed to obtain the seedling raising matrix which is used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix and is used for cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings, so that the problem of shortage of peat soil is greatly relieved, high-efficiency and multi-level utilization of biomass resources of the walnut green husks is promoted, waste of resources and pollution to the environment caused by direct burning, random stacking or local burying of the walnut green husks are avoided, and ecological benefit and economic benefit are improved.
2. the walnut green seedcase contains rich potassium elements and phosphorus elements, the straw of leguminous plants contains rich nitrogen elements, N, P, K elements required for the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings can be provided, the content of the three components is higher than that of a traditional seedling culture medium, and the nutrient content of the medium is improved; in addition, the pH value of the seedling culture medium provided by the invention is 5-6, so that the seedling culture medium is very suitable for the growth and development of the camellia oleifera seedlings, and is beneficial to the absorption of the camellia oleifera seedlings on nutrient elements; compared with the traditional seedling substrate, the seedling substrate provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination rate of the camellia seedling substrate is obviously improved, and the seedling period and the germination period can be shortened, so that the camellia seedling substrate can be used for replacing the traditional seedling substrate to carry out camellia seedling.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcase, shortens the seedling culture period and reduces the cost.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adopted materials and equipment mainly comprise: walnut green seedcase, leguminous plant straw, thermometer, upender, oil tea seed, traditional seedling raising substrate (contrast) and 32-hole forest pot (purchased from Jianghua plastics Co., Ltd., 545 x 280 mm). The materials and equipment are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
example 1
The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 70 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 15 parts of corncobs; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of walnut green husk, 35% of leguminous plant straw, 20% of walnut shell and 0.4% of composite fermentation bacteria agent.
The leguminous plant straw is mainly selected from kidney bean straw (such as broad bean, green bean and the like), peanut straw, mung bean straw and red bean straw. The complex fermentation inoculant (straw decomposition inoculant) is purchased from Vigorboom Biotech, Inc., of Dengzhou.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
S1, weighing 45% of walnut green husk, 35% of leguminous plant straw, 20% of walnut shell and 0.4% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;
s2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws and the walnut shells into coarse powder with the particle size of 10mm by using a material crusher, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, and obtaining a fermentation pile;
S3, adding 0.2 wt% of compound fermentation inoculant into the fermentation pile body in the step S2, stirring the fermentation pile body uniformly, piling up, covering the fermentation pile body with a plastic heat-insulating film with holes, preventing heat generated in the fermentation process from being dissipated rapidly due to too low external environment temperature, and achieving the purpose of heat insulation;
In the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of the fermentation pile every 12 hours, turning the pile every 2 days, wherein the highest temperature of the pile can reach 72 ℃, and then, beginning to reduce the temperature until the fermentation is finished (the temperature of the pile reaches about 40 ℃), thus finishing the primary fermentation;
S4, inoculating the remaining 0.2 wt% of the compound fermentation inoculant into the fermentation pile, covering the fermentation pile with a plastic heat-preservation film with holes, and performing secondary fermentation according to the primary fermentation method until the fermentation is finished (the pile temperature reaches about 40 ℃), so as to finish the secondary fermentation; when the fermentation process is finished, obtaining the walnut green husk fermentation substrate;
the whole fermentation time is 28 days, water needs to be supplemented at any time in the fermentation process, and the water content required in the fermentation process is ensured to reach 60%; the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate after fermentation is about 5mm, the color is dark brown, and the texture is loose.
s5, uniformly mixing the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in the step S4 and the corncob particles in a mass ratio of 70:15, adding water in a spraying mode for pre-wetting, and ensuring that the water content is about 60% to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The seedling culture medium can be directly used for culturing seedlings of the camellia oleifera without disinfection treatment.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method adopting the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking oil tea seeds to be sown in warm water at 28 ℃ for 4 days, changing clear water once a day, then mixing and laminating the soaked oil tea seeds in wet sand, covering a layer of wet gauze on the top, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature environment at 28 ℃, keeping the water content of the wet sand at 60%, and breaking mouths of more than half of the seeds after 6 days for later use;
Step two, sowing and seedling raising: putting a seedling substrate prepared by using walnut green husks as a raw material into a 32-hole forest tree pot with the height being about 5/6 (the height of the pot is 120mm), sowing two camellia seeds which are screened in advance and subjected to seed soaking treatment in the first step into each hole, paving a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of about 5mm on each seed to cover the seeds, covering mulching films on the surfaces of the pot trays, keeping the seedling substrate in alternation of dryness and humidity, and culturing after 25 days of growth and development to obtain the camellia oleifera seedlings.
Example 2
The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate, 7 parts of perlite and 13 parts of carbonized rice husk; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of walnut green husk, 40% of leguminous plant straw, 15% of walnut shell, 10% of lotus seed shell and 0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, and is different in that,
In step S1, weighing 50% of walnut green husk, 40% of leguminous plant straw, 15% of walnut shell, 10% of lotus seed shell and 0.5% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;
In step S2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the straws of leguminous plants, the walnut shells and the lotus seed shells into coarse powder with the particle size of 15mm by using a material crusher, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content to 65%, and obtaining a fermentation pile;
in step S3, 0.25 wt% of compound fermentation inoculant is inoculated into the fermentation heap of step S2;
in step S4, the remaining 0.25 wt% of the compound fermentation inoculum is inoculated to the fermentation heap;
Water needs to be supplemented at any time in the fermentation process, so that the water content required in the fermentation process is ensured to reach 65%; the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate after fermentation is about 7 mm.
in step S5, the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in step S4 is uniformly mixed with perlite and carbonized rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 80:7:13, and the moisture content of the seedling substrate is about 65%.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method adopting the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which is the same as the seedling raising method in the embodiment 1, and has the difference that,
In the first step, oil tea seeds to be sown are soaked in warm water at about 30 ℃ for 5 days, clear water is changed once every day, the soaked oil tea seeds are mixed and laminated in wet sand, a layer of wet gauze covers the top of the wet gauze, then germination is accelerated in a constant temperature environment at about 30 ℃, the moisture content of the wet sand is kept to be 65%, and more than half of the seeds break mouths after 7 days for later use.
Example 3
The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate, 5 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of corncob; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of walnut green husk, 30% of leguminous plant straw, 10% of walnut shell, 5% of longan shell and 0.2% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, and is different in that,
in the step S1, 40% of walnut green husk, 30% of leguminous plant straw, 10% of walnut shell, 5% of longan shell and 0.2% of composite fermentation inoculant are weighed according to weight percentage;
in step S2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws, the walnut shells and the longan shells into coarse powder with the particle size of 5mm by using a material crusher, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content to 55%, and obtaining a fermentation pile;
in step S3, 0.1 wt% of compound fermentation inoculant is inoculated into the fermentation heap of step S2;
in step S4, the remaining 0.1 wt% of the compound fermentation inoculum is inoculated to the fermentation heap;
water needs to be supplemented at any time in the fermentation process, and the water content required in the fermentation process is ensured to reach 55%; the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate after fermentation is about 2 mm.
In step S5, the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in step S4 is uniformly mixed with vermiculite and corncob particles in a mass ratio of 60:5:5, and the moisture content of the seedling substrate is about 55%.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method adopting the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which is the same as the seedling raising method in the embodiment 1, and has the difference that,
in the first step, oil tea seeds to be sown are soaked in warm water at about 25 ℃ for 3 days, clear water is changed once every day, the soaked oil tea seeds are mixed and laminated in wet sand, the top of the wet sand is covered with a layer of wet gauze, then germination is accelerated in a constant temperature environment at about 25 ℃, the moisture content of the wet sand is kept to be 55%, and more than half of the seeds break mouths after 5 days for later use.
example 4
the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 70 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate, 15 parts of red loam and 15 parts of corncobs; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of walnut green husk, 35% of leguminous plant straw, 20% of walnut shell and 0.4% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, and is different in that,
In step S1, weighing 45% of walnut green husk, 35% of leguminous plant straw, 20% of walnut shell and 0.4% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;
In step S5, the walnut green husk fermentation substrate obtained in step S4, laterite and corn cob particles are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 70:15: 15.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method adopting the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which is the same as the seedling raising method in the embodiment 1.
Example 5
the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 75 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate, 10 parts of red loam and 15 parts of corncob; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of walnut green husk, 35% of leguminous plant straw, 20% of walnut shell and 0.4% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, and is different in that,
in step S5, the walnut green husk fermentation substrate obtained in step S4, laterite and corn cob particles are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 75:10: 15.
the camellia oleifera seedling raising method provided by the embodiment of the invention is the same as the seedling raising method in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of rotten peat soil, 15 parts of expanded perlite and 15 parts of vermiculite. The seedling substrate is a traditional seedling substrate, and camellia oleifera seedlings are cultured by taking the seedling substrate as a control group (CK), and the seedling method comprises the following steps:
Uniformly mixing decomposed peat soil, expanded perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 60:15:15, adding water in a spray mode for prewetting to ensure that the water content is about 60%, sterilizing the prewetted substrate, filling the prewetted substrate into a 32-hole forest tree pot with the height being about 5/6 of the pot height, then sowing 2 oil tea seeds which are screened in advance and subjected to seed soaking treatment in each hole, paving a layer of seedling raising substrate with the thickness of 5mm on the seeds to cover the seeds, covering a mulching film on the surface of the pot, keeping the seedling raising substrate dry and wet alternately, and culturing to obtain the oil tea tree seedlings after 30 days of growth and development.
Determination of physicochemical property of walnut green husk fermentation substrate
taking about 800g of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate obtained in the embodiment 1-4, dehydrating and condensing to about 150g, and using the substrate for measuring physicochemical properties; 150g of the decomposed peat soil of comparative example 1(CK) was used for physical and chemical properties measurement; the results are shown in Table 1.
The walnut green husk fermentation substrate is characterized in that: the color is brown, the texture is loose, and the particle size is 2-7 mm.
TABLE 1 measurement results of physical and chemical properties
The results in table 1 show that the walnut green husk fermentation substrate contains abundant N, P, K elements, and the content of the components in 3 is higher than that of the traditional seedling culture substrate. The pH value of the substrate is within the range of 5.5-6.0, so that the substrate is very suitable for the growth and development of the camellia oleifera saplings and is beneficial to the absorption of the camellia oleifera saplings on nutrient elements. According to the national standard NY/T2118-2012: the basis weight is 0.2-0.6g/cm3, the total porosity is > 60%. The walnut green husk fermentation substrates prepared in examples 1-4 are all in accordance with the national standard.
Statistical result of germination condition of camellia oleifera seeds
The camellia oleifera seedlings were cultivated by the methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1, and the germination of camellia oleifera seeds was observed daily, and the germination rate was counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 statistic results of germination conditions of camellia oleifera seeds
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the germination rate of the camellia oleifera in the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is significantly higher than that of the control substrate. And the seedling raising method of the embodiment 1-5 can obviously shorten the seedling raising period and the germination period, which shows that the walnut green husk fermentation substrate has great development value in the seedling raising substrate.
the present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate;
The walnut green husk fermentation substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
2. a camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary fermentation substrate is one or more of walnut shells, lotus seed shells and longan shells.
3. The camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water retention substrate is one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice hulls and corncobs.
4. the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, further comprising 10-15 parts by weight of laterite.
5. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, weighing 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;
s2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws and the auxiliary fermentation substrate into coarse powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 55-65% to obtain a fermentation heap;
S3, inoculating 1/2 amount of the compound fermentation inoculant weighed in S1 into the fermentation pile body in the step S2, covering a heat preservation film with holes, turning over the pile once every 2-3 days, and performing primary fermentation;
s4, when the fermentation temperature in the step S3 is reduced to 40 ℃, the remaining compound fermentation microbial inoculum is inoculated into the fermentation pile body, the heat preservation film with holes is covered, the pile is turned over once every 2-3 days, and secondary fermentation is carried out; when the fermentation process is finished, obtaining the walnut green husk fermentation substrate;
S5, weighing 60-80 parts of the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in the step S4 and 10-20 parts of a water retention substrate according to parts by weight, adding water for pre-wetting, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
6. the method according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the coarse powder has a particle size of 5 to 15 mm.
7. the preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is 2-7 mm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising adding 10-15 parts of laterite to said seedling substrate in step S5.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in step S5, the moisture content of the seedling substrate is 55-65%.
10. A camellia oleifera seedling raising method using the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one, seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking oil tea seeds to be sown in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, changing clear water once a day, then mixing and laminating the soaked oil tea seeds in wet sand, covering the top with a layer of wet gauze, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature environment at 25-30 ℃, keeping the water content of the wet sand at 55-65%, and breaking mouths of more than half of the seeds after 5-7 days for later use;
step two, sowing and seedling raising: and (2) putting the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising pot, then sowing seeds subjected to seed soaking treatment in the step one into the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix, covering a mulching film, keeping the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix alternately dry and wet, and after 25 days of growth and development, culturing to obtain the camellia oleifera seedlings.
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