CN110534890B - Low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna which sequentially comprises a super-surface radiation patch, an upper dielectric substrate, a metal grounding plate with a gap, a lower dielectric substrate and a microstrip feed structure, wherein the super-surface radiation patch is in close contact with the metal grounding plate from top to bottom; the super surface radiation patch is formed by 16 patches into a square A, and comprises: four sides at the center are wmEight small square patches B of 2X 2 arrangement, eight patches of length lmWidth wmThe rectangular patches C are distributed around the small square patches B, and the side lengths of the four patches are lmThe invention utilizes the characteristic mode theory to analyze the current distribution of different modes on the super surface, changes the current distribution of the mode on the original super surface by optimizing the unit structure of the super surface, separates the distribution positions of the strongest currents of the two modes, and respectively excites, so that the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages of high isolation, low cross polarization and the like, and the low cross polarization is realized in each direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna structure, and belongs to the field of wireless signal transmission technology application.
Background
The communication technology in the current society is rapidly developed, the wireless communication becomes an important component in the communication field, and the antenna is used as an important transceiver of the wireless communication and has wide application prospect. The dual-polarized antenna can form a pair of electromagnetic waves with orthogonal polarization modes and the same working frequency, has the advantages of large channel capacity, small multipath interference influence, high signal receiving quality and the like, and is widely applied to wireless communication. A dual-polarized antenna with strong port isolation and low cross polarization is more suitable for the development of wireless communication technology.
Low profile antennas are receiving increasing attention in modern wireless communication technologies due to their low profile, low wind resistance, and the like. Usually the distance between the antenna and the ground is λ0/4(λ0Free space wavelength of the central operating frequency), but with the high integration and miniaturization of circuit systems and electronic devices, the space reserved for the antenna is limited, which requires that the size of the antenna be reduced as much as possible to reduce the profile of the antenna while ensuring the performance of the antenna.
In recent years, many dual polarized antennas have been proposed. There are two main ways to realize dual polarization nowadays: one is to adopt and alternately place two sets of dipole antennas, and the dipole antenna that intersects has wide bandwidth, high port isolation and low cross polarization, simple structure, gain advantage such as high, becomes the first choice of dual polarized antenna. However, cross dipole antennas typically have a high profile. Another is to use a slot antenna and a microstrip antenna as radiators. The slot antenna is a good candidate for realizing a low-profile dual-polarized antenna, however, the impedance bandwidth of the conventional dual-polarized slot antenna and the conventional microstrip antenna is narrow, and cannot meet the requirement of broadband application. Moreover, their cross-polarization is also relatively high.
In order to improve the performance of dual-polarized microstrip antennas, various methods have been proposed, such as using a double-layer structure, introducing a copper pillar, a square ring cavity, or a metal ground wall. However, some of these methods increase the area and profile of the microstrip antenna. In order to overcome the defects of the microstrip antenna and improve the performance of the microstrip antenna, the super-surface antenna is provided.
The metamaterial is a novel artificial electromagnetic material formed by periodically or non-periodically arranging sub-wavelength basic units with specific geometric shapes, and has properties which are not possessed by materials in nature. The super surface is a two-dimensional expression form, and has certain supernormal electromagnetic performance which natural materials do not have by designing a physical structure of the super surface, and has strong regulation and control capability on electromagnetic waves. The super-surface is applied to antenna design, so that the performance of the traditional antenna in multiple aspects such as working bandwidth, directivity, radiation efficiency, gain and the like can be improved, and the novel antenna designed by combining the super-surface structure with the traditional antenna can be called as a super-surface antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna which adopts a microstrip slot coupling feed structure. And a Y-shaped microstrip line is adopted, and a new resonance point is introduced for improving the bandwidth of the antenna. The mode distribution on the super surface is analyzed by utilizing a characteristic mode theory, and the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages of high isolation, low cross polarization and the like by optimizing the unit structure of the super surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna comprises a super-surface radiation patch 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a metal grounding plate 3 with a gap, a lower dielectric substrate 4 and a microstrip feed structure 5 which are in close contact with each other in sequence from top to bottom;
the super-surface radiation patch 1 is a square A formed by 16 patches, and comprises: four sides at the center are wmEight small square patches B of 2X 2 arrangement, eight patches of length lmWidth wmThe rectangular patches C are distributed around the small square patches B, and the side lengths of the four patches are lmThe large square patches D are distributed at the four corners of the square A, wherein lm＞wm(ii) a The gap width between adjacent patches is g.
As a preferred mode of execution,the gaps on the metal grounding plate are 4 rectangular grooves, the middle points of the rectangular grooves 6 on the rectangular patch C are perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular patch C and are symmetrically distributed about the center of the square A, and the length of each rectangular groove is lsWidth of wsThe distances between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch are lf。
Preferably, the distance between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch is lfSatisfy the relation: lf＝W/2-3g/2-wm-lmWhere w is the side length of the square A, g is the gap between adjacent patches, wmIs the side length of a small square patch B, lmThe side length of the large square patch D.
Preferably, the microstrip feed structure 5 includes four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines, the four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines are symmetrically distributed about the center of the square a, and each Y-shaped microstrip feed line is divided into two sections: a section of width w2Is provided with a straight microstrip line and two sections with the width of w1The lengths of the microstrip arm, the straight microstrip line and the microstrip arm are respectively l2And l1The distance between the two microstrip arms is s, the microstrip arms and the straight microstrip line are perpendicular to the gap on the metal ground plate, and the straight microstrip line is located in the centers of the two microstrip arms.
Preferably, the upper dielectric substrate 2 has a thickness t1A square structure with side length W.
Preferably, the lower dielectric substrate 4 has a thickness t2A square structure with side length W.
The super-surface radiation patch consists of 4 multiplied by 4 regular square units, and a pair of degenerate modes (hereinafter referred to as mode 1 and mode 2) are found by analyzing mode distribution on the original super-surface through a characteristic mode. The analysis finds that the pattern importance of pattern 1 and pattern 2 is the same. The current distribution of mode 1 is approximately parallel to the direction of the x-axis, with the strongest current distribution at the center of the super-surface. Mode 2 has a similar current distribution to mode 1, with the strongest current distribution also being at the center of the super-surface, but with the current direction rotated 90 ° compared to mode 1, roughly parallel to the y-axis. It is clear that the polarization modes of the two modes are orthogonal, so we can achieve dual polarization by exciting mode 1 and mode 2 separately.
However, the strongest currents of both modes are distributed in the center of the super-surface. It is well known that the feed structure should be placed where the current distribution is strongest. If mode 1 and mode 2 are to be excited to obtain dual polarization, the feed structures exciting mode 1 and mode 2 should be placed at the same location. However, such placement results in that when the feed structure excites mode 1, it is difficult to avoid exciting mode 2 at the same time, resulting in a high cross-polarization level. Furthermore, the co-located feed structure may reduce the isolation of the ports. Both low cross polarization and high isolation between ports are critical for dual polarized antennas.
Therefore, to obtain the desired radiation characteristics, the present invention changes the current distribution of the two modes on the super-surface by changing the shape of the super-surface patch. The super-surface proposed by the present invention has a larger outer patch size compared to the original 4 x 4 square patch array. Through the eigenmode analysis of the modified super-surface, the first two modes, i.e. mode 1 and mode 2, are found to have the same mode importance, and the current distribution of the modified super-surface is similar to that of the original super-surface, but the strongest mode current distributions of the two modes are shifted from the center to the edge of the super-surface. Since the maximum current distributions of mode 1 and mode 2 are at different positions, when one of the modes is excited using the feed structure, the other mode cannot be excited efficiently. Cross polarization is reduced and port isolation is increased.
And two groups of opposite Y-shaped microstrip lines carry out coupling feeding on the slots in a microstrip slot coupling feeding mode, so that a mode 1 and a mode 2 on the super surface are respectively excited.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the current distribution of different modes on the super surface is analyzed by utilizing a characteristic model theory, and by optimizing the unit structure of the super surface, the center of the super surface is provided with four small square patches with the side length of 2 multiplied by 2, and eight long square patches and four large square patches are distributed around the super surface. The 16 irregular units jointly form a square, the mode changes the current distribution of the mode on the original super surface, the distribution positions of the strongest currents of the two modes are separated, and the strongest currents are excited respectively, so that the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages of high isolation, low cross polarization and the like, and the low cross polarization is realized in all directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the structure of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an antenna upper dielectric substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna lower dielectric substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a raw super-surface structure referenced in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the pattern importance distribution of an original super-surface as referenced in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a current distribution of two modes of the original super-surface as referenced in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6-1 is a current distribution of mode 1 and FIG. 6-2 is a current distribution of mode 2;
fig. 7 is a diagram of a structure of a super-surface radiation patch according to the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the pattern importance distribution of the modified super-surface in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of two mode current distributions on a modified super-surface in an embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 9-1 is a graph of mode 1 current distribution and FIG. 9-2 is a graph of mode 2 current distribution;
wherein, 1 is a super-surface radiation patch; 2 is an upper dielectric substrate; 3 is a metal grounding plate with a gap; 4 is a lower dielectric substrate; 5 is a microstrip feed structure; 6 is a rectangular groove.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip patch antenna sequentially comprises a super-surface radiation patch 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a metal ground plate 3 with a gap, a lower dielectric substrate 4 and a microstrip feed structure 5 which are in close contact with each other from top to bottom;
the super-surface radiation patch 1 is a square A formed by 16 patches, and comprises: four sides at the center are wmEight small square patches B of 2X 2 arrangement, eight patches of length lmWidth wmThe rectangular patches C are distributed around the small square patches B, and the side lengths of the four patches are lmThe large square patches D are distributed at the four corners of the square A, wherein lm＞wm(ii) a The gap width between adjacent patches is g.
The gaps on the metal grounding plate are 4 rectangular grooves, the middle points of the rectangular grooves 6 on the rectangular patch C are perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular patch C and are symmetrically distributed about the center of the square A, and the length of each rectangular groove is lsWidth of wsThe distances between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch are lf。
The distances between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch are lfSatisfy the relation: lf＝W/2-3g/2-wm-lmWhere w is the side length of the square A, g is the gap between adjacent patches, wmIs the side length of a small square patch B, lmThe side length of the large square patch D.
The microstrip feed structure 5 comprises four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines, the four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines are symmetrically distributed about the center of the square A, and each Y-shaped microstrip feed line is divided into two sections: a section of width w2Is provided with a straight microstrip line and two sections with the width of w1The lengths of the microstrip arm, the straight microstrip line and the microstrip arm are respectively l2And l1The distance between the two microstrip arms is s, the microstrip arms and the straight microstrip line are perpendicular to the gap on the metal ground plate, and the straight microstrip line is located in the centers of the two microstrip arms.
The upper dielectric substrate 2 has a thickness t1A square structure with side length W.
The lower dielectric substrate 4 has a thickness t2A square structure with side length W.
Specifically, the parameters in this embodiment are preferably: thickness t of upper dielectric substrate 214mm, dielectric constantr3.5, a dielectric loss tangent tan of 0.002, and a thickness t of the lower dielectric substrate 420.8mm, dielectric constantr2.65, and a dielectric loss tangent tan of 0.002. The upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 have a side length W of 100mm, Wm＝10mm，lm＝18mm，g＝0.5mm，ls＝20mm，ws＝1mm，w1＝0.6mm，w2＝2mm，l1＝25mm，l2＝10mm，s＝12.5mm，lf＝23mm。
As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, first, the original 4 × 4 super surface without the feeding structure is analyzed by eigenmode theory. The pattern importance of pattern 1 and pattern 2 is the same as found by the analysis of fig. 5. Fig. 6-1 and 6-2 show the current distributions of the first two modes. The current distribution in mode 1 is approximately parallel to the direction of the x-axis, with the strongest current distribution in the center of the super-surface. Mode 2 has a similar current distribution to mode 1, with the strongest current distribution also being at the center of the super-surface, but with the current direction rotated 90 ° compared to mode 1, roughly parallel to the y-axis. It is clear that the polarization modes of the two modes are orthogonal.
As shown in fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, the modified super-surface is analyzed by eigenmode, and the first two modes, i.e., mode 1 and mode 2, are found to have the same mode significance, and the current distribution of the modified super-surface is similar to that of the original super-surface, but the strongest mode current distributions of the two modes are shifted from the center to the edge of the super-surface (as circled in fig. 9).
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low-profile dual-polarized super-surface antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a super-surface radiation patch (1), an upper dielectric substrate (2), a metal grounding plate (3) with a gap, a lower dielectric substrate (4) and a microstrip feed structure (5) which are in close contact with each other from top to bottom in sequence;
the super-surface radiation patch (1) is a square A formed by 16 patches and comprises: four sides at the center are wmEight small square patches B of 2X 2 arrangement, eight patches of length lmWidth wmThe rectangular patches C are distributed around the small square patches B, and the side lengths of the four patches are lmThe large square patches D are distributed at the four corners of the square A, wherein lm＞wm(ii) a The gap width between adjacent patches is g;
the gaps on the metal grounding plate are 4 rectangular grooves, the middle points of the rectangular grooves (6) on the rectangular patch C are perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular patch C and are symmetrically distributed about the center of the square A, and the length of each rectangular groove is lsWidth of wsThe distances between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch are lf；
The distances between the four rectangular grooves and the edge of the super-surface radiation patch are lfSatisfy the relation: lf＝W/2-3g/2-wm-lmWhere w is the side length of the square A, g is the gap between adjacent patches, wmIs the side length of a small square patch B, lmThe side length of the large square patch D is equal to the length of the side of the large square patch D;
the microstrip feed structure (5) comprises four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines, the four Y-shaped microstrip feed lines are symmetrically distributed around the center of the square A, and each Y-shaped microstrip feed line is divided into two sections: a section of width w2Is provided with a straight microstrip line and two sections with the width of w1The lengths of the microstrip arm, the straight microstrip line and the microstrip arm are respectively l2And l1The distance between the two microstrip arms is s, the microstrip arms and the straight microstrip line are perpendicular to the gap on the metal ground plate, and the straight microstrip line is located in the centers of the two microstrip arms.
2. The low-profile dual polarized super surface antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper dielectric substrate (2) has a thickness t1A square structure with side length W.
3. The low-profile dual polarized super surface antenna of claim 1, wherein: the lower dielectric substrate (4) has a thickness t2A square structure with side length W.
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| CN114665282B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-06-27 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Design method of broadband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on characteristic mode theory |
| CN114824774B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-03-24 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband high-isolation dual-polarization super-surface antenna |
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