CN114665282B - Design method of broadband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on characteristic mode theory - Google Patents
Design method of broadband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on characteristic mode theory Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structured surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory, which comprises the following steps: step 1, calculating a characteristic mode curve of a 3X 3 super-structured surface according to a characteristic mode theory, so that the shape and the size of a unit of the characteristic mode curve have n resonance modes in an operating frequency band; step 2, calculating the surface characteristic current distribution of each mode, and removing the units affecting the required radiation field by combining the current distribution; step 3, calculating the surface characteristic current distribution of the main excitation mode of the super-structured surface obtained in the step 2 under the condition of fixed electromagnetic wave incidence, and carrying out structural optimization on the super-structured surface according to the current distribution result, wherein the method comprises the steps of but not limited to etching gaps and the like to form a low RCS super-structured surface; and 4, calculating the characteristic current distribution of the low RCS super-structure surface obtained in the step 3, introducing coaxial feeder line excitation at the unit with the strongest current distribution, and further optimizing and adjusting the size of each unit to form the broadband high-gain low RCS super-structure surface antenna. The method can intuitively and efficiently design the wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structured surface antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antenna design, in particular to a design method of a broadband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory.
Background
The super-structure surface has the singular electromagnetic characteristics which are not possessed by the conventional material surface, can realize the control of electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, polarization, mode and the like, has the advantages of low section, light weight, easy conformal and the like, combines the super-structure surface with the antenna technology, and opens up a new way for designing high-performance antennas by designing novel super-structure surface antennas. Researches show that the antenna based on the super-structured surface design can reduce the section of the antenna and improve the radiation and scattering properties of the antenna. The broadband high-gain low-RCS antenna has important application in the fields of communication, countermeasure and the like, and the traditional printed microstrip antenna has the characteristics of narrow bandwidth due to single natural working mode, so that how to improve the bandwidth, realize high-gain radiation with smaller size and simultaneously reduce the RCS of the antenna is very worth researching. The development of the super-structured surface antenna technology provides an unattainable opportunity for breaking through the difficult problem. However, unlike conventional antennas, super-structured surface antennas are often formed by arranging a plurality of microstructures in a periodic/quasi-periodic manner, and multiple degrees of freedom bring great difficulty to simulation while enriching design possibilities. Most of the prior reports rely on experience and a large number of repeated full-wave simulation optimizations, the design process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the efficiency is low, and theoretical prejudgment basis is lacking before the optimization can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method of a broadband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structure surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the main characteristic mode refers to the fact that the super-structured surface can form a radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode, the secondary characteristic mode refers to the fact that the super-structured surface has the potential of forming the radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode, and the main radiation unit refers to the unit with the strongest current distribution in the super-structured surface structure;
the main excitation mode means that at a certain frequency, the mode expansion coefficient corresponding to the mode is far greater than the mode expansion coefficients corresponding to other modes;
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the method of performing structural optimization at the position where the characteristic current distribution is strong is to etch the slit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
the 3X 3 super-structured surface comprises 9 rectangular metal patch units, wherein the patches are divided into a central patch 1, two x-direction edge patches 2, two y-direction edge patches 3 and four corner patches 4 according to layout positions, and the side length and the unit spacing of all the units are 0.6mm; printing 9 rectangular metal patch units on a rectangular dielectric substrate 5; the thickness of the dielectric substrate 5 is 2.0mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2; a metal floor 6 is arranged below the medium substrate 5, the metal floor 6 and the medium substrate 5 have the same size, and the projections of the metal floor 6 and the medium substrate 5 on a horizontal plane are completely overlapped;
calculating a mode significance curve of the super-constructed surface through a feature model theory to obtain: the mode significance of 10 modes in the working frequency band of 6-8 GHz is close to 1, namely the 10 modes are resonance modes;
therefore, the mode significance curves of the mode 1 and the mode 2 are identical, the current distribution is identical, and the current distribution is rotated by 90 degrees along the center of the super-structure surface, so that the mode 1 and the mode 2 are degenerate modes, and any one is selected for excitation, so that the required radiation characteristic is realized; similarly, pattern 7 and pattern 8 are degenerate patterns; when the mode 1 and the mode 7 are selected for excitation, the surface characteristic current distribution of the mode 1 and the mode 7 is combined, and the central patch 1 is a main radiating unit; removing the edge patch 2 in the x direction opposite to the current flow direction on the central patch 1 to optimize the radiation pattern of the mode 7 to obtain a quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7;
the main excitation mode means that at a certain frequency, the mode expansion coefficient corresponding to the mode is far greater than the mode expansion coefficients corresponding to other modes;
calculating a mode expansion coefficient curve of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 under the incidence condition of the x-polarized electromagnetic wave to obtain: in the working frequency band of 6-8 GHz, the mode expansion coefficients of the mode 1 and the mode 9 are far larger than those of the other modes, so that the mode 1 and the mode 9 are main excitation modes of the quasi-periodic super-structure surface 7 under the incident condition of x-polarized electromagnetic waves; calculating the surface characteristic current distribution of the mode 1 at 7.4GHz and the mode 9 at 7.8GHz, and knowing that the current direction is consistent with the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave along the x direction, wherein the current of the mode 1 has stronger amplitude on the edge patch 3 in the y direction and the current of the mode 9 has stronger amplitude on the four corner patches 4; to reduce the RCS of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7, the current on these 6 cells needs to be destroyed;
damaging current by adopting a mode of etching gaps; since the current flows in the x direction, slits 8 are etched in the y direction on other units except the center patch 1 in the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 to form a low-RCS super-structured surface 9;
the sizes of the units are further optimized and adjusted, the length of the optimized center patch 1 is within the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, and the width is within the range of 10.0-14.0 mm; the length of the edge patch 3 and the four corner patch 4 is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, and the width is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm; the spacing between the units is in the range of 0.2-1.0 mm; the distance between the coaxial feeder 10 and the center of the center patch 1 is in the range of 2.0-6.5 mm; the length of the dielectric substrate 5 is 34.0-60.0 mm, the width is 34.0-60.0 mm, and the thickness is 1.0-3.0 mm; thereby producing a wideband high gain low RCS ultra-structured surface antenna 11.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the optimized center patch 1 has a length of 13.0mm and a width of 12.0mm; the length of the edge patch 3 and the quadrangle patch 4 is 12.0mm, and the width is 12.0mm; the cell spacing is 0.6mm; the distance between the coaxial feeder 10 and the center of the center patch 1 is 5.7mm; the dielectric substrate 5 has a length of 53.0mm, a width of 38.0mm and a thickness of 2.0mm.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the number of slits on each patch is in the range of 1 to 8, the length of the slits is in the range of 2.0 to 10.0mm, and the width is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the number of slits on each patch is 4, and the length of the slits is 5.3mm and the width is 0.3mm.
The method of the invention can intuitively and efficiently design the wideband high-gain low RCS ultra-structured surface antenna, and has the advantages that:
1. the invention realizes the broadband, high gain and low RCS characteristics of the super-structure surface antenna based on the characteristic mode theory, can intuitively see the thought of structural optimization design through the characteristic mode theory analysis, and can clearly reveal the working mode and mechanism of the designed super-structure surface antenna.
2. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a general design flow of the wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structure surface antenna, according to the design flow, the design of the wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structure surface antenna can be realized without depending on a large number of repeated full-wave simulations, and the design efficiency is improved.
3. The wideband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, easiness in implementation, low cost and wide application prospect.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a 3×3 super-structure surface according to the present invention, where FIG. 2 (a) is a top view and FIG. 2 (b) is a front view;
FIG. 3 is a graph of pattern significance of the super-structured surface of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the characteristic current distribution of the super-structured surface of FIG. 2 in a resonant mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the mode expansion coefficients of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a characteristic current distribution of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 of FIG. 5 in the resonant mode, FIG. 7 (a) is a characteristic current distribution of mode 1 at 7.4GHz, and FIG. 7 (b) is a characteristic current distribution of mode 9 at 7.8 GHz;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the low RCS super-structured surface 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a characteristic current distribution of the low RCS super-structure surface 9 of FIG. 8 in the resonant mode, FIG. 9 (a) is a characteristic current distribution of mode 1 at 7.4GHz, and FIG. 9 (b) is a characteristic current distribution of mode 7 at 7.8 GHz;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband high-gain low RCS super-structure surface antenna 11 according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing S11 of the super-structure surface antenna of FIG. 10 with a reference microstrip antenna;
FIG. 12 is a graph of gain versus the reference microstrip antenna for the super-structure surface antenna of FIG. 10;
fig. 13 is a single-station RCS contrast plot of the super-structured surface antenna of fig. 10 versus a reference microstrip antenna.
Reference numerals:
1. a center patch; x-direction edge patches; 3.y direction edge patch; 4. four-corner patch; 5. a dielectric substrate; 6. a metal floor; 7. quasi-periodic super-structured surfaces; 8. a slit; 9. a low RCS super-structured surface; 10. a coaxial feed line; 11. wideband high gain low RCS ultra-structured surface antennas.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a design method of a wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structure surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory, which is specifically described by an embodiment, and an example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings.
The theory of the eigenmodes is described in the literature 'Theory of Characteristic Modes for Conducting Bodies' by Harlin, 1971.
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a design method of a wideband high-gain low RCS super-structure surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory includes the following steps:
the final super-structure surface is shown in fig. 2, and comprises 9 rectangular metal patch units, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established, the horizontal right direction is the positive direction of the x axis, the vertical upward direction is the positive direction of the y axis, the patches are divided into a central patch 1, two x-direction edge patches 2, two y-direction edge patches 3 and four-corner patches 4 according to the layout positions, the side lengths of all the units are 120mm, and the unit spacing is 0.6mm. 9 rectangular metal patch units are printed on a rectangular dielectric substrate 5. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 5 was 2.0mm, and the dielectric constant was 2.2. A metal floor 6 is arranged below the dielectric substrate 5, the metal floor 6 and the dielectric substrate 5 have the same size, and the projections of the metal floor 6 and the dielectric substrate 5 on the horizontal plane are completely overlapped.
The mode significance curve of the super-structured surface is calculated through the characteristic mode theory, as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the mode significance of 10 modes in the operating frequency band of 6-8 GHz is close to 1, namely, the 10 modes are resonant modes.
the primary characteristic mode means that the super-structured surface can form a radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode, and the secondary characteristic mode means that the super-structured surface has the potential of forming the radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode;
the characteristic currents of the 10 resonance modes are calculated, and the obtained surface characteristic current distribution is shown in fig. 4, wherein the distribution of the surface characteristic currents of the mode 1 and the mode 2 on all units is the same, namely a unique normal focusing beam can be formed, so that the two modes are main characteristic modes. The surface characteristic currents of the mode 7 and the mode 8 have opposite flow directions, so that energy can be dispersed in a diagonal direction to form split lobes, but due to the fact that the central patch current distribution is strong, part of energy can radiate along a normal direction, the mode 7 and the mode 8 have the potential of forming a radiation field meeting requirements, and are secondary characteristic modes. The current distribution of modes 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 does not allow normal radiation.
It can be seen that the mode significance curves for mode 1 and mode 2 are identical, and the current distribution is identical, but rotated 90 degrees along the center of the super-structured surface, so that mode 1 and mode 2 are degenerate modes, and any one can be selected for excitation to achieve the desired radiation characteristics. Similarly, pattern 7 and pattern 8 are degenerate patterns. In the present embodiment, excitation in the y direction is selected, and the modes that can be excited at this time are mode 1 and mode 7. The surface-characteristic current distribution in combination with mode 1 and mode 7 is known that the center patch 1 is the main radiating element. The x-direction edge patch 2, which is opposite to the current flow on the center patch 1, is removed to optimize the radiation pattern of pattern 7, resulting in a quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7, as shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 5 shows the result of fig. 2 (a) with two x-direction edge patches 2 removed.
the main excitation mode means that at a certain frequency, the mode expansion coefficient corresponding to the mode is far greater than the mode expansion coefficients corresponding to other modes;
the mode expansion coefficient curve of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 under the incident condition of the x-polarized electromagnetic wave is calculated, and as a result, as shown in fig. 6, the mode expansion coefficients of the mode 1 and the mode 9 are far greater than those of the other modes in the working frequency band of 6-8 GHz, so that the mode 1 and the mode 9 are main excitation modes of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 under the incident condition of the x-polarized electromagnetic wave. The surface characteristic current distribution at 7.4GHz for mode 1 and 7.8GHz for mode 9 was calculated and the results are shown in fig. 7 (a) - (b). It can be seen that the current direction is along the x-direction, coincident with the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave, with the current of pattern 1 being of greater magnitude on the y-direction edge patches 3 and the current of pattern 9 being of greater magnitude on the four corner patches 4. To reduce the RCS of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7, the current on these 6 cells needs to be destroyed.
In this embodiment, the current is destroyed by etching a slit. Since the current flows in the x-direction, slits 8 are etched in the y-direction on the other cells except for the center patch 1 in the quasi-periodic super-structured surface 7 shown in fig. 5, forming a low RCS super-structured surface 9. As shown in fig. 8. The number of slits per patch is in the range of 1 to 8, preferably 4 (as shown), the length of the slits is in the range of 2.0 to 10.0mm, preferably 5.3mm, and the width is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8mm, preferably 0.3mm. The gaps can be positioned at the edge of the patch or at the center of the patch, and the gaps can be arranged in one or more rows. The slit length and width may be unequal, and the arrangement of the slits need not necessarily be axisymmetric along the y-axis direction of each cell. As shown in fig. 10, except for the central patch 1, the upper and lower edges of each of the remaining patches are symmetrically etched with a total of 4 slits along the y direction, and the slits may also be asymmetrically etched at the edges of the patches, or may be etched at the center of the patches, regardless of the number of slits, the positions of the patches may be etched, so long as a proper size is selected, and the RCS reduction effect may be achieved for the x-polarized incident electromagnetic wave in the operating frequency band. Since both ends of the slit are short-circuited when etching is performed at the center of the patch, a similar RCS reduction effect is expected, and the length thereof is changed to 2 times that when etching is performed at the edge. In addition, the number, the position and the size of the etching gaps on each patch can be different, and the protection scope is not limited to the specific embodiment shown in fig. 10, and the RCS shrinkage reduction effect can be realized only by slotting along the y direction.
And 4, calculating the characteristic current distribution of the main characteristic mode and the secondary characteristic mode of the low RCS super-structure surface 9 obtained in the step 3 according to the characteristic mode theory, introducing coaxial feeder excitation 10 at the unit with the strongest characteristic current distribution, and selecting a feeding point on the y-axis of the central patch 1, wherein the feeding point is close to the upper side or the lower side of the patch 1. And the sizes of the units are further optimized and adjusted to realize mode cascading, so that the wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structured surface antenna 11 is formed.
Fig. 9 is a surface characteristic current distribution of the low RCS super-structured surface 9 at the resonant frequencies of mode 1 and mode 7, and it can be seen that in both modes, the center patch 1 is the strongest current distribution, so that the coaxial feed 10 is introduced at the center patch for excitation, and the feeding point is selected on the y-axis of the center patch 1, near the upper side or the lower side of the patch 1. The sizes of the units are further optimized and adjusted, the length of the optimized center patch 1 is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, the optimal value is 13.0mm, the width is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, and the optimal value is 12.0mm; the length of the edge patch 3 and the quadrangle patch 4 is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, the preferable value is 12.0mm, the width is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, the preferable value is 12.0mm; the cell spacing is in the range of 0.2-1.0 mm, preferably 0.6mm; the distance of the coaxial feed line 10 from the center of the center patch 1 is in the range of 2.0 to 6.5mm, preferably 5.7mm. The dielectric substrate 5 has a length in the range of 34.0 to 60.0mm, preferably 53.0mm, a width in the range of 34.0 to 60.0mm, preferably 38.0mm, and a thickness in the range of 1.0 to 3.0mm, preferably 2.0mm. Thus far, by using the method of the present invention, a wideband high gain low RCS ultra-structured surface antenna 11 is realized, as shown in fig. 10.
Fig. 11 and 12 are S11 curves and gain curves, respectively, of a wideband high-gain low RCS super-structure surface antenna 11, which has a wider impedance bandwidth and higher gain than a reference microstrip antenna having the same center operating frequency. Fig. 13 is a single station RCS curve of a wideband high gain low RCS super-structure surface antenna 11, which can be seen to have a significant RCS reduction effect over the reference antenna in the operating frequency band.
Claims (4)
1. A design method of a wideband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on a characteristic mode theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating a characteristic mode curve of a 3X 3 super-constructed surface according to a characteristic mode theory, so that the shape and the size of a unit of the characteristic mode curve have a plurality of resonance modes with mode significance approaching 1 in an operating frequency band;
the method comprises the following steps: the 3X 3 super-structured surface comprises 9 rectangular metal patch units, wherein the patches are divided into a central patch (1), two x-direction edge patches (2), two y-direction edge patches (3) and four-corner patches (4) according to layout positions, and the side length and the unit spacing of all the units are 0.6mm; printing 9 rectangular metal patch units on a rectangular dielectric substrate (5); the thickness of the dielectric substrate (5) is 2.0mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2; a metal floor (6) is arranged below the medium substrate (5), the metal floor (6) and the medium substrate (5) have the same size, and the projections of the metal floor and the medium substrate on the horizontal plane are completely overlapped;
calculating a mode significance curve of the super-constructed surface through a feature model theory to obtain: the mode significance of 10 modes in the working frequency band of 6-8 GHz is close to 1, namely the 10 modes are resonance modes;
step 2, calculating the surface characteristic current distribution of the resonant mode, determining a main characteristic mode and a secondary characteristic mode which need to be excited, determining a main radiating unit by combining the surface characteristic current distribution of the main characteristic mode and the secondary characteristic mode, and removing a part of units with the current flow direction opposite to that of the main radiating unit to obtain a quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7);
the main characteristic mode refers to the fact that the super-structured surface can form a radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode, the secondary characteristic mode refers to the fact that the super-structured surface has the potential of forming the radiation field meeting the requirements in the mode, and the main radiation unit refers to the unit with the strongest current distribution in the super-structured surface structure;
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the characteristic currents of the 10 resonance modes, and calculating the radiation pattern according to the surface characteristic current distribution, wherein the distribution of the surface characteristic currents of the mode 1 and the mode 2 on all units is the same direction, namely a unique normal focusing beam can be formed, so that the two modes are main characteristic modes; the surface characteristic currents of the mode 7 and the mode 8 have parts with opposite flow directions, so that energy can be dispersed in a diagonal direction to form split lobes, but due to the fact that the central patch current is strong in distribution, part of energy can radiate along a normal direction, the mode 7 and the mode 8 have the potential of forming a radiation field meeting requirements, and the mode 7 and the mode 8 are secondary characteristic modes; the current distribution of modes 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 does not allow normal radiation;
therefore, the mode significance curves of the mode 1 and the mode 2 are identical, the current distribution is identical, and the current distribution is rotated by 90 degrees along the center of the super-structure surface, so that the mode 1 and the mode 2 are degenerate modes, and any one is selected for excitation, so that the required radiation characteristic is realized; similarly, pattern 7 and pattern 8 are degenerate patterns; when the mode 1 and the mode 7 are selected for excitation, the surface characteristic current distribution of the mode 1 and the mode 7 is combined, and the central patch (1) is taken as a main radiating unit; removing an x-direction edge patch (2) opposite to the current flow direction on the central patch (1) to optimize the radiation pattern of the mode 7 to obtain a quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7);
calculating a characteristic mode curve of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7) obtained in the step (2) under the condition of fixed electromagnetic wave incidence according to a characteristic mode theory, judging a main excitation mode in a working frequency band according to a mode expansion coefficient curve, calculating surface characteristic current distribution of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7) in the main excitation mode, and performing structural optimization at a position with stronger characteristic current distribution in an etching gap mode to form a low RCS super-structured surface (9);
the main excitation mode means that at a certain frequency, the mode expansion coefficient corresponding to the mode is far greater than the mode expansion coefficients corresponding to other modes;
the method comprises the following steps: calculating a mode expansion coefficient curve of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7) under the incidence condition of the x-polarized electromagnetic wave to obtain: in the working frequency band of 6-8 GHz, the mode expansion coefficients of the mode 1 and the mode 9 are far larger than those of the other modes, so that the mode 1 and the mode 9 are main excitation modes of the quasi-periodic super-structure surface (7) under the incident condition of x-polarized electromagnetic waves; calculating the surface characteristic current distribution of the mode 1 at 7.4GHz and the mode 9 at 7.8GHz, and knowing that the current direction is consistent with the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave along the x direction, wherein the current of the mode 1 has stronger amplitude on the edge patch (3) in the y direction and the current of the mode 9 has stronger amplitude on the four corner patches (4); to reduce the RCS of the quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7), the current on these 6 cells needs to be destroyed;
damaging current by adopting a mode of etching gaps; since the current flows in the x direction, gaps (8) are etched in the y direction on other units except the center patch (1) in the quasi-periodic super-structured surface (7) to form a low-RCS super-structured surface (9);
step 4, calculating the characteristic current distribution of the main characteristic mode and the secondary characteristic mode of the low RCS super-structured surface (9) obtained in the step 3 according to the characteristic mode theory, introducing coaxial feeder lines (10) for excitation at a unit with the strongest characteristic current distribution, and selecting a feeding point position on the y axis of the central patch (1) to be close to the upper side or the lower side of the central patch (1); the sizes of the units are further optimized and adjusted, mode cascading is achieved, and a wideband high-gain low-RCS ultra-structured surface antenna (11) is formed;
the method comprises the following steps: the surface characteristic current distribution of the low RCS super-structured surface (9) under the resonance frequency of the mode 1 and the mode 7 is known that in both modes, the central patch (1) is the strongest part of the current distribution, so that a coaxial feeder (10) is introduced into the central patch for excitation, and the feeding point is selected on the y axis of the central patch (1) and is close to the upper side or the lower side of the central patch (1);
the sizes of the units are further optimized and adjusted, the length of the optimized center patch (1) is within the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, and the width is within the range of 10.0-14.0 mm; the length of the edge patch (3) and the four corner patch (4) is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm, and the width is in the range of 10.0-14.0 mm; the spacing between the units is in the range of 0.2-1.0 mm; the distance between the coaxial feeder line (10) and the center of the center patch (1) is in the range of 2.0-6.5 mm; the length of the dielectric substrate (5) is 34.0-60.0 mm, the width is 34.0-60.0 mm, and the thickness is 1.0-3.0 mm; thereby producing a wideband high gain low RCS ultra-structured surface antenna (11).
2. The design method of the wideband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on the characteristic mode theory according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the length of the optimized center patch (1) is 13.0mm, and the width is 12.0mm; the length of the edge patch (3) and the four corner patches (4) is 12.0mm, and the width is 12.0mm; the cell spacing is 0.6mm; the distance between the coaxial feeder (10) and the center of the center patch (1) is 5.7mm; the length of the dielectric substrate (5) is 53.0mm, the width is 38.0mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm.
3. The design method of the wideband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna based on the characteristic mode theory according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the number of slots on each patch is in the range of 1-8, the length of the slots is in the range of 2.0-10.0 mm, and the width is in the range of 0.1-0.8 mm.
4. The method for designing a wideband high-gain low-RCS super-structure surface antenna according to claim 3, wherein in step 3, the number of slots on each patch is 4, the length of the slots is 5.3mm, and the width is 0.3mm.
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