CN111786086A - Super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization and optimization method - Google Patents
Super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization and optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
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Abstract
The small-sized super-surface wearable microstrip antenna optimized based on the characteristic model theory optimizes the patch array arrangement of the super-surface structure unit based on the characteristic model theory, realizes the structural optimization of the antenna, has the advantages of simple structure, good radiation characteristic, low cost, wide application prospect and the like, and meets the application requirements in the field of wearable wireless communication. The antenna comprises a microstrip antenna layer and a super surface layer; the super surface layer comprises a dielectric layer 5 and a super surface structure unit patch array 6 which is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 5 and optimized through a characteristic mode theory; the microstrip antenna layer comprises a medium base layer 1 and a conductive patch 2 located on the upper surface of the medium base layer 1, the super surface layer is located on the upper surface of the microstrip antenna layer, a medium layer 5 of the super surface layer is attached to the conductive patch 2 of the microstrip antenna layer, and a strip feed microstrip line 3 extends out of the edge of the conductive patch 2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a super-surface wearable microstrip antenna optimized based on a characteristic model theory and an optimization method.
Background
In recent decades, in the field of wireless communication technology, the application prospect of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has been receiving more and more attention, and considering various wearable application scenarios of WBANs, wearable antennas are key devices in communication. In order to ensure the wearing comfort of human body, the material of the wearable antenna generally needs to be flexible, which causes the problems of low antenna gain, overlarge size and the like. The development of wearable devices is more and more interested, and some remarkable low-profile, flexible and comfortable-to-wear antennas are gradually proposed, and have great potential in the fields of medical treatment, sports equipment, identity recognition systems and the like. The ISM band of 2.4GHz is the preferred band to achieve this goal, as there are many unified standards for low power communication (e.g. BLE, ZigBee).
The super-surface is a low-profile, easily fabricated two-dimensional metamaterial, and although the super-surface has been proposed and researched for decades, it still draws the attention of scientists and engineers due to its significant advantages in controlling electromagnetic waves, has great advantages in antenna design, and has been widely used. Placing the super-surface above the antenna is an effective way to increase the gain of the antenna and to extend the bandwidth of the impedance. At the same time, the size of the antenna can be miniaturized by properly adding the super surface. However, existing methods of super-surface analysis are mainly based on approximate estimation from a single structural element to the whole array, and there is little systematic and comprehensive optimization of the whole structural element, and it cannot solve the problem that only part of super-surface structural elements are coupled with the antenna. Therefore, the radiation mechanism of the super-surface antenna needs to be explored fundamentally so as to optimize the structural unit.
The electromagnetic problem is solved by combining the characteristic mode theory with a moment method which is widely applied and the eigenmode theory, and the mutually orthogonal characteristic modes can be used for intuitively providing engineering reference for the antenna design, so that more and more attention is paid to the antenna design, the characteristic modes are partially applied to the design and analysis of the super-surface coating antenna, and the application potential of the characteristic modes is to be further excavated. The characteristic mode theory provides an antenna design method based on the surface current distribution and radiation characteristics of the characteristic mode, and compared with other methods, the antenna design method has deeper physical significance and research depth. By adjusting the shape, size and arrangement of the structural units, the required characteristic modes can be selectively excited, and some unnecessary characteristic modes are inhibited, so that the antenna is an effective way for improving the performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a super-surface wearable microstrip antenna optimized based on a characteristic model theory and an optimization method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. a super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization is characterized by comprising a microstrip antenna layer and a super-surface layer; the super surface layer comprises a dielectric layer 5 and a super surface structure unit patch array 6 which is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 5 and optimized through a characteristic mode theory; the microstrip antenna layer comprises a medium base layer 1 and a conductive patch 2 located on the upper surface of the medium base layer 1, the super surface layer is located on the upper surface of the microstrip antenna layer, a medium layer 5 of the super surface layer is attached to the conductive patch 2 of the microstrip antenna layer, and a strip feed microstrip line 3 extends out of the edge of the conductive patch 2.
2. The shapes of the dielectric base layer 1 and the conductive patch 2 of the microstrip antenna layer are both rectangular, a strip feed microstrip line 3 extends out of the short edge of the conductive patch 2, and symmetrical impedance matching slots 4 are formed in two sides of the strip feed microstrip line 3.
3. The dielectric layer 5 of the super surface layer is rectangular, and the super surface structure unit patch array 6 is a 2 x 3 array formed by uniformly arranging nine super surface structure unit patches, and removing six super surface structure unit patches in the middle row after characteristic model theory optimization.
4. The length of the medium base layer 1 and the length of the medium layer 5 are both 73 mm-77 mm, the width of the medium base layer is 73 mm-77 mm, and the height of the medium base layer is 1.9 mm-2.1 mm; the length of the conductive patch 2 is 47.5 mm-48.5 mm, the width is 47.5 mm-48.5 mm, the length of the feed microstrip line 3 is 18 mm-20 mm, the width is 4.9 mm-5.1 mm, the length of the impedance matching slot 4 is 6.5 mm-6.7 mm, and the width is 2.4 mm-2.6 mm; the length of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm, and the width of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm.
5. The length, the width and the height of the medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 are both 75mm, 75mm and 2mm respectively; the length of the conductive patch 2 is 47.6mm, and the width of the conductive patch is 48 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line 3 is 19mm, and the width is 5 mm; the length of the impedance matching slot 4 is 6.6mm, and the width is 2.5 mm; each super-surface structure unit patch is 24mm in length and 24mm in width.
6. The medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 are made of felt materials with low dielectric constants; the materials used by the conductive patch 2, the edge feed microstrip line 3 and the super-surface structure unit patch of the super-surface structure unit patch array 6 are all nylon conductive fabric materials or copper sheets.
7. The materials used by the medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 are preferably felt materials with the dielectric constant of 1.2; the materials used by the conductive patch 2 and the feed microstrip line 3 are preferably nylon conductive fabric material Nora-Dell-CR, the thickness is 0.13mm, and the surface impedance is less than 0.009 omega/sq.
8. The microstrip antenna layer and the super surface layer can be bent towards the antenna layer side along the direction of the total surface current by using an arc with the radius R, wherein R is 30mm, 40mm, 50mm and 60 mm.
9. A super surface structure unit patch arrangement optimization method of a miniaturized super surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) calculating a mode significance value when the patch array of the front super surface structure unit is arranged optimally, and obtaining the resonant frequency of the corresponding mode when the mode significance value is close to 1;
2) calculating the surface current distribution of the super-surface structure unit patch at the resonant frequency;
3) according to the distribution characteristics of the surface current, removing the super-surface structure unit patches which mutually offset the radiation contribution of the whole antenna to obtain optimized super-surface structure unit patch array arrangement, and realizing the structural optimization of the antenna.
10. The super surface layer structure unit patches are arranged in a 3 x 3 array before optimization, the resonant frequency is 2.46GHz when the mode significance value is close to 1, the surface current distribution of the super surface patches is calculated at 2.45GHz, three super surface structure unit patches in a middle row which mutually offset the radiation contribution of the whole antenna are removed, and the optimized 2 x 3 array arrangement super surface layer structure unit patch array is obtained.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the super-surface wearable microstrip antenna optimized based on the characteristic model theory and the optimization method optimize the patch array arrangement of the super-surface structure unit based on the characteristic model theory, realize the structural optimization of the antenna, have the advantages of simple structure, good radiation characteristic, low cost, wide application prospect and the like, and meet the application requirements in the field of wearable wireless communication.
The invention relates to a super-surface wearable antenna designed by utilizing textile materials and conductive fabrics. Based on a characteristic model Theory (TCM), an ultra-surface wearable antenna working in a 2.4GHz Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is optimally designed. The dominant mode of the super-surface structure unit and the surface characteristic current distribution under the corresponding mode are obtained by utilizing the characteristic mode theory, and an idea is provided for the simplified design of the antenna from the physical angle. By removing the middle row with poor coupling effect with the antenna, the super surface structure unit array is optimized from 3 multiplied by 3 to 2 multiplied by 3, and the radiation performance of the antenna is still kept stable after optimization. The working bandwidth of the antenna can cover an ISM frequency band of 2.4-2.4835GHz under the scenes of bending and close to a human body. The actual measurement gain is larger than 6.5dBi, and the average efficiency can reach 68.5 percent. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the antenna is 0.632W/kg and 0.316W/kg under the standards of 1g and 10g respectively when the antenna is close to a human body, meets the standards of the United states and European Union, and is suitable for wearable application scenes.
The optimization method of the invention utilizes the characteristic model theory to optimize the super surface layer, before optimization, the structural unit patches of the super surface layer are arranged in a 3 × 3 array, according to the characteristic model theory, the mode 1 is the dominant mode of the designed frequency band, the surface current distribution of the super surface patch of the antenna at 2.45GHz under the mode 1 is calculated, it can be seen that the surface current of the structural unit patch positioned at the center is very weak, the surface currents of the two symmetrical structural unit patches positioned at the middle row are respectively distributed along the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction, the radiation fields of the two symmetrical structural unit patches are almost mutually offset, the radiation contribution of the three structural unit patches at the middle row to the whole antenna is considered to be small, the antenna structure is optimized by removing the structural unit patches at the super surface layer, and after removing the middle row, the reflection coefficient S of the antenna under the mode 1 is adopted11The radiation pattern of the antenna after the middle row is removed is almost the same as that before the middle row is removed, and the value of the directivity coefficient is similar, based on the characteristic mode theory, the structure optimization of the antenna is realized by removing three structural element patches in the middle row of the super surface layer, the gain change of the super surface antenna is small after the super surface array is simplified from 3 × 3 to 2 × 3, and the influence on the radiation performance of the antenna is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface wearable antenna microstrip antenna optimized based on a characteristic mode theory according to the invention;
FIG. 2a is a current distribution diagram of a surface of a super-surface structure unit patch before optimization according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating a current distribution of a patch surface of the super-surface structure unit after optimization according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is S of simulation and actual measurement after optimization according to the embodiment of the present invention11Comparing the images;
FIG. 4 is a normalized x-o-z plane pattern before and after optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a y-o-z normalized directional diagram before and after optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of measured gain versus efficiency after optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is the optimized S measured along the Y-axis direction at different bending radii according to the embodiment of the present invention11A drawing;
FIG. 8 is the actual S measured after the embodiment of the invention is optimized and worn on different human body parts11Figure (a).
The reference numbers are listed below:
the antenna comprises a dielectric base layer 1, a conductive patch 2, a feed microstrip line 3, an impedance matching slot 4, a dielectric layer 5, a super surface structure unit patch array 6, a microstrip antenna layer 11 and a super surface layer 12.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface wearable antenna microstrip antenna optimized based on a characteristic mode theory according to the invention. A small-sized super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization comprises a microstrip antenna layer 11 and a super-surface layer 12; the super surface layer 11 comprises a dielectric layer 5 and a super surface structure unit patch array 6 which is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 5 and optimized through a characteristic mode theory; the microstrip antenna layer 12 comprises a medium base layer 1 and a conductive patch 2 positioned on the upper surface of the medium base layer 1, the super surface layer 12 is positioned on the upper surface of the microstrip antenna layer 11, the medium layer 5 of the super surface layer 12 is attached to the conductive patch 2 of the microstrip antenna layer 11, and the middle of the super surface layer does not contain an air layer or other medium layers; the edge of the conductive patch 2 extends out of the strip feed microstrip line 3.
The shapes of the dielectric base layer 1 and the conductive patch 2 of the microstrip antenna layer of the embodiment of the invention are both rectangular, the strip feed microstrip line 3 extends out of the short edge of the conductive patch 2, and the two sides of the strip feed microstrip line 3 are symmetrically provided with impedance matching slots 4.
The dielectric layer 5 of the super surface layer is rectangular, and the super surface structure unit patch array 6 is a 2 x 3 array formed by uniformly arranging nine rectangular super surface structure unit patches, removing six rectangular super surface structure unit patches in the middle row after characteristic model theoretical optimization, and forming a 3 x 3 array. Wherein, the length of the medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 is 73 mm-77 mm, the width is 73 mm-77 mm, and the height is 1.9 mm-2.1 mm; the length of the conductive patch 2 is 47.5 mm-48.5 mm, the width is 47.5 mm-48.5 mm, the length of the feed microstrip line 3 is 18 mm-20 mm, the width is 4.9 mm-5.1 mm, the length of the impedance matching slot 4 is 6.5 mm-6.7 mm, and the width is 2.4 mm-2.6 mm; the length of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm, and the width of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm. The medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 are made of felt materials with low dielectric constants; the materials used by the conductive patch 2, the edge feed microstrip line 3 and the super-surface structure unit patch array 6 of the super-surface layer are all nylon conductive fabric materials or copper sheets with the thickness less than 0.2 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, preferably, the lengths of the medium base layer 1 and the medium layer 5 are both 75mm, the widths thereof are both 75mm, and the heights thereof are both 2 mm; the length of the conductive patch 2 is 47.6mm, and the width of the conductive patch is 48 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line 3 is 19mm, and the width is 5 mm; the length of the impedance matching slot 4 is 6.6mm, and the width is 2.5 mm; each super-surface structure unit patch is 24mm in length and 24mm in width. The materials used for the dielectric base layer 1 and the dielectric layer 5 are preferably felt materials with the dielectric constant of 1.2; the conductive patch 2 and the feed microstrip line 3 are made of nylon conductive fabric material Nora-Dell-CR, the thickness is 0.13mm, and the surface impedance is less than 0.009 omega/sq.
The invention optimizes the super surface layer by using the characteristic mode theory. Before the super-surface structure unit patch array 6 is optimized, nine rectangular super-surface structure unit patches are uniformly arranged to form a 3 × 3 array, and after the optimization of the characteristic model theory, three super-surface structure unit patches in which the radiation contributions of the middle row to the whole antenna are mutually offset can be removed, so that a 2 × 3 array formed by six rectangular super-surface structure unit patches in the left row and the right row is obtained.
A super-surface structure unit patch arrangement optimization method of a miniaturized super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization comprises the following steps:
1) calculating a mode significance value when the front super surface structure unit patch array is arranged optimally, and obtaining the resonant frequency of the corresponding mode when the mode significance value is 1;
2) calculating the surface current distribution of the super-surface structure unit patch at the resonant frequency;
3) according to the distribution characteristics of the surface current, removing the super-surface structure unit patches which mutually offset the radiation contribution of the whole antenna to obtain optimized super-surface structure unit patch array arrangement, and realizing the structural optimization of the antenna.
According to the eigenmode theory, the potential radiation contribution of the eigenmode has an important parameter, namely, the Mode Significance (MS), and the larger the value of the mode significance is, the stronger the effective radiation of the corresponding mode is. When the value of the mode significance is 1, the resonance frequency of the corresponding mode can be obtained. The frequency band corresponding to a mode significance greater than 0.707 is an operating frequency band in which the corresponding mode can radiate efficiently, i.e., the bandwidth of the mode, which helps determine the dominant mode for the frequency band under consideration. In the original design, the super surface layer was composed of 3 × 3 structural units. In order to obtain the dominant mode of the ISM frequency band of 2.4GHz by using the characteristic mode theory, the significance curves of the first six modes are calculated and given. It is clear that mode 1 can be excited efficiently in the ISM band of 2.4 GHz. The resonant frequency of mode 1 (when the mode significance is 1) is 2.46GHz, and the mode significance bandwidth (the mode significance is more than 0.707) is 2.41-2.52 GHz. It can be seen that mode 1 is the dominant mode of the antenna in the design frequency band.
To study the radiation characteristics of an antenna with a 3 x 3 super-surface structure element, the surface current distribution of the super-surface patch at 2.45GHz for mode 1 was calculated. Fig. 2a is a current distribution diagram of the surface of the super surface structure unit patch before optimization. It can be seen that the surface currents of the patch with the structural unit located at the center are very weak, while the surface currents of the two patches with the symmetrical structural units located at the middle row are distributed along the counterclockwise direction and the clockwise direction respectively, and the radiation fields of the two patches with the symmetrical structural units almost cancel each other. The total surface current direction of the remaining six structural units is the Y axis. The radiation of mode 1 is directional, exhibiting a mushroom shape with a directivity coefficient peaking at 9.53 dBi. Considering that the radiation contribution of the three structural element patches of the middle row to the whole antenna is small, the antenna structure can be optimized by removing these structural element patches of the super surface layer. Fig. 2b is a surface current distribution diagram of the optimized super-surface structure unit patch. After removing the middle row of three building element patches, the reflectance curve of mode 1 shifts slightly to the low frequency direction, but hardly changes. The radiation pattern of the antenna after the middle row was removed was almost the same as that without the middle row, and the peak of the directivity coefficient was 9.45 dBi. Based on the characteristic model theory, the structural optimization of the antenna is realized by removing the three structural unit patches in the middle row of the super-surface layer. After reducing the super-surface array from 3 × 3 to 2 × 3, the peak gain of the super-surface antenna is reduced from 6.57dBi to 6.43 dBi. The result shows that the optimization method of the super-surface layer has little influence on the radiation performance of the antenna.
FIG. 3 shows the simulated and measured S after optimization according to the embodiment of the present invention11Compare the figures. Reflection coefficient S of small-sized super-surface wearable antenna microstrip antenna optimized based on characteristic model theory in embodiment of the invention11And (3) performing simulation and actual measurement, comparing the results, and obviously widening the working frequency band and shifting the working frequency band to the low-frequency direction after the super-surface layer is added on the microstrip antenna. It can be seen that the measured result and the simulation result have better consistency. The simulation working frequency band of the antenna is 2.40-2.49GHz, the resonance frequency point is 2.44GHz, the actual measurement working frequency band is widened to 2.36-2.50GHz, and the resonance frequency point is 2.45 GHz. Both resulting operating bands may cover the 2.4GHz ISM band. The normalized gain pattern for the x-o-z plane is shown in fig. 4 and the normalized gain pattern for the y-o-z plane is shown in fig. 5, which illustrates the antenna having good directivity. The measurements show that the half-power beamwidths are 87 and 60 in the x-o-z plane and the y-o-z plane, respectively. The simulation result can be well matched with the actual measurement result. The gain and efficiency measurements of the antenna are shown in fig. 6. In the ISM band of 2.4GHz, the gain value is greater than 6.5dBi, and the average efficiency is 68.5%.
To evaluateThe wearing stability of the super-surface antenna was estimated by bending the antenna along the Y-axis by arcs of 30, 40, 50, 60mm radius, respectively. S obtained by actual measurement11The curves are shown in fig. 7. With the decrease of the R value, although the resonant frequency point slightly shifts to the left, the matching effect gradually weakens, but the antenna is basically stable around the working frequency band of 2.36-2.50GHz, so that the antenna has good robustness and reliability in the ISM frequency band of 2.4 GHz.
In order to test the influence of human body on the antenna performance, when the super-surface wearable antenna is placed in different human tissues, corresponding S is obtained through testing11The results were compared, as shown in FIG. 8. When the antenna is placed in the arm, leg, abdomen, chest and free space, respectively, S11The curves do not differ much. This comparison shows that the human body is facing the S of the super-surface antenna11And the resonance frequency is not greatly influenced, which shows that the antenna still has good performance under the influence of different human tissues.
In order to test the safety of the antenna on human tissues, the SAR value of the human tissues is obtained through simulation. The distance between the bottom of the antenna and the human tissue phantom was set to 5mm in consideration of the thickness of the clothes. According to the standards established in the United states and European Union, the SAR value of 1g of human tissue should be less than 1.6W/kg, and the SAR value of 10g of human tissue should be less than 2.0W/kg. At 2.45GHz, the simulated SAR values of 1g and 10g human tissues are 0.632W/kg and 0.316W/kg respectively, which shows that the SAR value of the human tissue conforms to the standards of the United states and European Union for the antenna, and the antenna is basically safe for the human tissue and can be used for wearable equipment.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments enable a person skilled in the art to more fully understand the invention, without restricting it in any way. All technical solutions and modifications thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A small-sized super-surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization is characterized by comprising a microstrip antenna layer and a super-surface layer; the super surface layer comprises a dielectric layer (5) and a super surface structure unit patch array (6) which is located on the upper surface of the dielectric layer (5) and optimized through a characteristic mode theory; the microstrip antenna layer comprises a medium base layer (1) and a conductive patch (2) located on the upper surface of the medium base layer (1), the super surface layer is located on the upper surface of the microstrip antenna layer, a medium layer (5) of the super surface layer is attached to the conductive patch (2) of the microstrip antenna layer, and a strip feed microstrip line (3) extends out of the edge of the conductive patch (2).
2. The shape of the dielectric base layer (1) and the conductive patch (2) of the microstrip antenna layer are both rectangular, a strip feed microstrip line (3) extends out of the short edge of the conductive patch (2), and impedance matching slots (4) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the strip feed microstrip line (3).
3. The dielectric layer (5) of the super surface layer is rectangular, and the super surface structure unit patch array (6) is a 2 x 3 array formed by uniformly arranging nine super surface structure unit patches, and removing six super surface structure unit patches in the middle row after characteristic model theoretical optimization.
4. The length of the medium base layer (1) and the length of the medium layer (5) are both 73 mm-77 mm, the width of the medium base layer is 73 mm-77 mm, and the height of the medium base layer is 1.9 mm-2.1 mm; the length of the conductive patch (2) is 47.5-48.5 mm, the width of the conductive patch is 47.5-48.5 mm, the length of the feed microstrip line (3) is 18-20 mm, the width of the feed microstrip line is 4.9-5.1 mm, the length of the impedance matching slot (4) is 6.5-6.7 mm, and the width of the impedance matching slot (4) is 2.4-2.6 mm; the length of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm, and the width of the super-surface structure unit patch is 23.8 mm-24.2 mm.
5. The length, the width and the height of the medium base layer (1) and the medium layer (5) are both 75mm, 75mm and 2mm respectively; the length of the conductive patch (2) is 47.6mm, and the width of the conductive patch is 48 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line (3) is 19mm, and the width of the feed microstrip line is 5 mm; the length of the impedance matching slot (4) is 6.6mm, and the width of the impedance matching slot is 2.5 mm; each super-surface structure unit patch is 24mm in length and 24mm in width.
6. The medium base layer (1) and the medium layer (5) are both made of felt materials with low dielectric constants; the materials used by the conductive patch (2), the edge feed microstrip line (3) and the super-surface patch of the super-surface structure unit patch array (6) of the super-surface layer are all nylon conductive fabric materials or copper sheets.
7. The materials used by the medium base layer (1) and the medium layer (5) are preferably felt materials with the dielectric constant of 1.2; the conductive patch (2) and the feed microstrip line (3) are made of nylon conductive fabric material Nora-Dell-CR, the thickness is 0.13mm, and the surface impedance is less than 0.009 omega/sq.
8. The microstrip antenna layer and the super surface layer can be bent towards the antenna side along the direction of the total surface current by using an arc with the radius R, wherein R is 30mm, 40mm, 50mm and 60 mm.
9. A super surface structure unit patch arrangement design method of a miniaturized super surface wearable microstrip antenna based on characteristic model theory optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) calculating a mode significance value when the front super surface structure unit patch array is arranged optimally, and obtaining the resonant frequency of the corresponding mode when the mode significance value is 1;
2) calculating the surface current distribution of the super-surface structure unit patch at the resonant frequency;
3) according to the distribution characteristics of the surface current, removing the super-surface structure unit patches which mutually offset the radiation contribution of the whole antenna to obtain optimized super-surface structure unit patch array arrangement, and realizing the structural optimization of the antenna.
10. The structural unit patches of the super-surface layer before optimization are arranged in a 3 multiplied by 3 array, the resonance frequency is 2.46GHz when the mode significance value is 1, and the surface current distribution of the super-surface patches at 2.45GHz is calculated; and obtaining the surface currents of the two symmetrical structural unit patches positioned in the middle row, wherein the surface currents are distributed along the anticlockwise direction and the clockwise direction respectively, the radiation fields of the two symmetrical structural unit patches are almost mutually offset, and the optimized 2X 3 array arrangement super surface layer structural unit patch array with the middle row removed is obtained.
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| CN114665282A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-24 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Design method of broadband high-gain low-RCS (radar cross section) super-structure surface antenna based on characteristic mode theory |
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