CN110520605A - 检测定量给料阀打开或关闭事件的方法 - Google Patents

检测定量给料阀打开或关闭事件的方法 Download PDF

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CN110520605A
CN110520605A CN201880023074.3A CN201880023074A CN110520605A CN 110520605 A CN110520605 A CN 110520605A CN 201880023074 A CN201880023074 A CN 201880023074A CN 110520605 A CN110520605 A CN 110520605A
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M·A·赛克斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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Abstract

一种检测螺线管操作的还原剂喷射器阀中的阀打开或关闭事件的方法，包括以下步骤：a)向所述螺线管施加电压以致动所述阀，所述电压具有斩波波形；b)在局部最大值和最小值处对通过螺线管的合成电流进行采样；c)确定局部最大值与后续局部最小值之间或局部最小值与后续局部最大值之间的差值；d)确定所述差值的变化率；e)基于步骤d)中的变化率确定阀打开或关闭事件。

Description

检测定量给料阀打开或关闭事件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将诸如尿素的还原剂喷射到车辆排气系统中的喷射器阀(定量给料器)，并且具体地涉及用于确定阀的打开或关闭事件的方法，例如用于检测诸如卡住喷射器的不正确操作的定量给料器的目的。
背景技术
在现代发动机系统中，喷射器通常将还原剂例如尿素喷射到排气系统中以控制排放。喷射器通常被称为定量给料器，并且使用这些定量给料器的系统通常被称为SCR(选择性催化还原)系统。这种喷射器通常是螺线管致动喷射器；其中螺线管的激活操作阀以允许还原剂例如尿素喷射到排气系统中。
已知通过使用例如电流轨迹(流过喷射器螺线管的电流)的拐点来检测定量给料器(还原剂喷射器)的状态(卡住/未卡住)，以确定阀的有效打开或关闭事件，从而提供定量给料阀的操作状态的指示。然而，在施加到螺线管的电压包括斩波波形(导致斩波电流波形)的情况下，这种方法是困难的。本发明的目的是提供一种获得关于螺线管操作的还原剂剂量的操作状态的信息的方法，其中使用斩波电压/电流波形来激活螺线管。
发明内容
在一个方面，提供了一种检测螺线管操作的还原剂喷射器阀中的阀打开或关闭事件的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)向所述螺线管施加电压以致动所述阀，所述电压具有斩波波形；
b)在局部最大值和最小值处对通过螺线管的合成电流进行采样；
c)确定局部最大值与后续局部最小值之间或局部最小值与后续局部最大值之间的差值；
d)确定所述差值的变化率；
e)基于步骤d)中的变化率确定阀打开或关闭事件。
步骤e)可以包括确定所述值的变化率的幅度是否高于阈值，并且如果是，则确定存在阀打开或关闭事件。
步骤e)可包括确定所述差值是否存在阶跃增加或减小。
所述采样步骤b)可以通过使采样时间与关于电压驱动的调制信号同步来执行。
该方法可包括根据所述变化率确定阀打开或关闭时间。
在另一方面，提供了一种检测螺线管操作的还原剂喷射器阀中的阀打开或关闭事件的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)向所述螺线管施加电压以致动所述阀，所述电压具有斩波波形；
b)在局部最大值或局部最小值处对合成电流进行采样；
c)根据步骤b)的值形成曲线图；
d)分析所述曲线图以确定所述阀打开和关闭事件。
步骤d)可包括确定所述曲线图的一阶或二阶导数并将这些值与阈值进行比较。
步骤d)可包括确定干扰并由此确定阀打开事件。
采样步骤b)可以通过使采样时间与关于电压驱动的调制信号同步来执行。
附图说明
现在参考附图通过实施例的方式描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了在还原剂喷射器(螺线管)的端子之间施加/存在的电压以及最终电流的曲线图；
图2示出了由于在48V下操作而通过螺线管的电流的增加；
图3示出了短牵引阶段的使用；
图4示出了非斩波12V系统的牵引阶段(打开阶段)和斩波牵引阶段期间的电流图；
图5示出了其中施加的电压被斩波的斩波电流轨迹以及采样点的曲线图；
图6是与图5类似的曲线图，其示出了相同的电流(斩波)轨迹，其中执行采样以在局部最大值(采样点)处捕获电流；
图7a和图8a示出了类似于图4和图5的(斩波)电流的曲线图，其示出了局部最大值和局部最小值的采样点；
图7b和图8b分别示出了对应于图7a和图8a的曲线图，其示出了三角形电流(ΔI)相对于时间的曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了施加/存在于还原剂喷射器(螺线管)的端子之间的电压1以及合成电流2的曲线图，即，认为是定量给料器(喷射器螺线管)。可以看出，通过提供电压的初始阶跃增加来激活定量给料器。因此，通过定量给料器(喷射器螺线管)的电流逐渐上升以达到峰值。在圆圈A所示的时间内，喷射器打开。电流达到由圆B指示的平台值，之后施加的电压被斩波，以将还原剂喷射器保持在打开位置。然后，通过喷射器的电流开始下降，如图中所示。在时间C，喷射器两端的电压被设置为负，并且定量给料器开始关闭；电流迅速减小到接近零的水平。所以在这段时间内喷射器关闭。
经常分析电流的轨迹以提供有用的数据。还已知从在牵引阶段结束时的点处从R＝V/I计算的电阻来推断定量给料器的温度；即，在由图1中的圆B标记的平台处。如图1所示，在圆A内观察到拐点/干扰3。电流的一阶导数和/或二阶导数可以识别该干扰/影响点。已知通过检测电流轨迹中的拐点/干扰点来检测定量给料器(还原剂喷射器)的状态(卡住/未卡住)，该拐点/干扰点指示定量给料阀的移动，即，阀打开。在定量给料器中流动的电流完全是电源电压和定量给料器的电特性的函数。因此，图1示出了在牵引阶段期间给定量给料器供电的12V[8-16V]的典型供电电压的情况；所施加的电压是连续的。
越野车辆通常在24V下运行，并且预期车辆电气系统将从12V过渡到48V。这是由于48V电源与轻度混合动力系统的优点。在这种车辆中，优选地不具有24V/48V至12V电源转换器。因此，期望以24V/48V而不是12V驱动诸如SCR定量给料器的部件。对于牵引阶段在24V/48V下连续操作定量给料器将意味着高电流或非常短的保持阶段。图2示出了由于在48V下操作而通过螺线管的电流的增加。电流增加将产生不期望的额外发热。
图3示出了用于将通过螺线管的电流限制到可接受极限的短牵引阶段Tpi的使用。然而，这导致形成线圈电阻的电流不稳定。尽管这可以在保持阶段期间完成(限制电流)，但是精度将由于低电流水平而受到损害。
对于较高的电压电源，发明人已经确定所施加的电压可以被斩波，以便产生如图4所示的相应的斩波波形。这示出了在非斩波12V系统4和斩波牵引阶段5的牵引阶段(打开阶段)期间的电流图。
尽管使用斩波波形具有上述优点，但斩波方法的问题在于，除非采样非常快，否则使用传统方法检测剂量器打开点或喷射开始(SOI)(拐点)将不起作用。上述图中的两个电流波形具有快速的初始电流速率。这些将导致定量给料器打开得更快。在液压方面，这将具有一些益处，但是在机械方面将引入更快的磨损并影响产品的寿命。一个示例是在24/48V下驱动定量给料器并在50/25％占空比下斩波驱动信号的方法，该方法有效地将驱动电压改变为12V。图4具体示出了在12伏(未斩波)和在25％占空比40us周期斩波的48伏下的电流轨迹。然而，概括地说，由于不能以传统方式对电流信号进行采样和处理，这导致了已知的喷射开始(定量给料器打开)检测方法的问题。
在一个方面中，在例如到螺线管/注入器的脉宽调制电压驱动波形的上升或下降驱动逻辑期间以同步方式执行所述取样。这样，局部最大值和/或最小值的点被采样并用于分析以检测喷射的开始。这可以以现在将描述的各种方式来完成。
技术1
在一个方面，该方法在相对于电压(驱动波形)的上升或下降驱动逻辑期间以同步方式采样电流，以便捕获局部最大值和/或最小值的点。然后使用这些点来提供标绘图，其中使用随后已知的分析技术，例如通过观察干扰等来检测喷射的开始。图5示出了所施加的电压被斩波的电流轨迹的曲线图：附图标记10示出了电流轨迹，点11示出了来自曲线图10的采样点，这些采样点被获取并用于随后的分析。采样点11是在与所施加电压的脉宽调制阶段同步的采样时间处取得的，其中电流值处于局部最小值。图6是类似的图形，其示出了相同的电流(斩波)轨迹10，其中执行采样以在局部最大值(采样点)12处捕获电流，同样，这是通过在PWM周期中的适当时间执行采样的同步来实现的。
在任一情况下，可以通过任何形式的插值/曲线拟合技术将点连接起来，从采样点导出曲线/连续曲线。然后可以使用标准的已知技术，例如寻找拐点/干扰点(例如，通过查看一阶/二阶导数)，从这些点的图或导出的曲线确定喷射点的开始(定量给料器打开)。
技术2
图7a和图8a示出了类似于图4和图5的(斩波)电流的曲线图，其示出了局部最大值和局部最小值的采样点。在一种方法中，再次在斩波电流的上升沿和下降边缘对电流进行采样。在该技术中，确定了局部最小值和随后的局部最大值之间(或局部最大值和随后的局部最小值之间)的差的度量。换句话说，确定局部最小值与随后的局部最大值之间的值差。这些差值可以相对于时间绘制。可替换地，绘制局部最大值和随后的最小值之间的值差。根据曲线图或差值随时间的变化，打开的开始(可以检测定量给料器打开)如下所述。
图7b和图8b分别示出了对应于图7a和图8a的曲线图，其示出了三角形电流(ΔI)相对于时间的曲线图。ΔI是7a和图8a中的图的相邻最小值和最大值之间的差。如上所述，该替代方案可以是相邻最小值和最大值之间的差。因此，例如，对于图7a，ΔI的值是例如图7a的点13与点14、点15与点16之间等的电流差的值。可选地，这可以是点14和15、16和17等之间的差。
当观察ΔI随时间的变化时可以看出，当在时间T＝1秒处开始喷射(发生定量给料器打开)时，该差值有显著的阶跃增加。
阶跃增加指示阀打开事件，阶跃减小指示阀关闭事件。通常，可以分析差值的变化率，例如与阈值进行比较以提供这些事件的指示。

Claims (9)

1.一种检测螺线管操作的还原剂喷射器阀中的阀打开或关闭事件的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)向所述螺线管施加电压以致动所述阀，所述电压由于向电压驱动器施加调制信号而具有斩波波形；
b)在局部最大值和最小值处对通过螺线管的合成电流进行采样；
c)确定在局部最大值与后续局部最小值之间或者在局部最小值与后续局部最大值之间的差值；
d)确定所述差值的变化率；
e)基于步骤d)中的所述变化率确定阀打开或关闭事件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤e)包括确定所述值的所述变化率的幅度是否高于阈值，并且如果是，则确定存在阀打开或关闭事件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，步骤e)包括确定所述差值中是否存在阶跃增加或减小。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的方法，其中，通过使采样时间与关于电压驱动的调制信号同步来执行所述采样的步骤b)。
5.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，该方法包括根据所述变化率来确定阀打开或关闭时间。
6.一种检测螺线管操作的还原剂喷射器阀中的阀打开或关闭事件的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)向所述螺线管施加电压以致动所述阀，所述电压由于向电压驱动器施加调制信号而具有斩波波形；
b)以局部最大值或局部最小值对合成电流进行采样；
c)通过步骤b)的值形成曲线；
d)分析所述曲线以确定所述阀打开和关闭事件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，步骤d)包括确定所述曲线的一阶或二阶导数并将这些值与阈值进行比较。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，步骤d)包括确定干扰并由此确定阀打开事件。
9.根据权利要求6至8所述的方法，其中，通过使采样时间与关于电压驱动的调制信号同步来执行所述采样的步骤b)。
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