CN110508635B - Asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with separated male die and machining method - Google Patents
Asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with separated male die and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110508635B CN110508635B CN201910798414.6A CN201910798414A CN110508635B CN 110508635 B CN110508635 B CN 110508635B CN 201910798414 A CN201910798414 A CN 201910798414A CN 110508635 B CN110508635 B CN 110508635B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C43/00—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated male die and a processing method, and relates to the technical field of blank performance enhancement processing. Including cavity plate, disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, extrusion die, slip track, slip sleeve and solid fixed splint, cavity plate includes below the right side cavity plate, above the left side cavity plate and below the left side cavity plate, disconnect-type extrusion terrace die includes below the right side disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, above the right side disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, below the left side disconnect-type terrace die and above the left side disconnect-type terrace die. Through the mutual matching of the right lower separated type extrusion convex die, the right upper separated type extrusion convex die, the left lower separated type convex die, the left upper separated type convex die, the upper extrusion concave die and the lower extrusion concave die, cavities with different shapes and sizes can be realized, further, different plastic flow modes of blanks can be realized, and finally, fine grain sizes and weak base texture can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blank performance enhancement processing, in particular to an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated male die and a processing method.
Background
As a green engineering material, compared with traditional metal materials such as steel and the like, the material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength and good damping and shock absorption, thereby having wide application prospect in national industries such as automobile manufacturing, transportation and the like. However, due to the unique lattice structure and limited slip system at room temperature, the plastic deformability at room temperature is poor; meanwhile, in the processing process, the texture is easily introduced, and the existence of the texture can obviously increase the anisotropy; the combination of the two points seriously restricts the wide application of the material because the forming capability is poor at room temperature. To this end, numerous scholars began to explore how to improve formability.
The severe plastic deformation is a deformation mode which introduces a large amount of strain in the deformation process, and through the severe plastic deformation, the crystal grains in the material can be obviously refined to the nanometer or submicron level, and meanwhile, the texture strength of the material can be obviously reduced, so that excellent comprehensive mechanical properties are realized. At present, the main severe plastic deformation methods comprise equal-channel angular extrusion, high-pressure torsion, multidirectional forging and the like, and the performance of the material is greatly enhanced through the methods. However, the severe plastic deformation process is complex in process and generally difficult to control the machining precision, so that strict requirements are put on the actual operation link.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated male die and a processing method, which have the advantages that the plastic deformation capacity of a blank can be obviously improved, batch continuous production can be realized, and the like, and the problem that the development of the blank is restricted by the smaller size of the blank produced by a severe plastic deformation mode is solved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purposes that the plastic deformation capacity of the blank can be obviously improved and batch continuous production can be realized, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an asymmetric reciprocal extrusion device with disconnect-type terrace die, includes cavity plate, disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, extrusion die, slip track, sliding sleeve and solid fixed splint, cavity plate includes below right side cavity plate, above left side cavity plate and below left side cavity plate, disconnect-type extrusion terrace die includes below right side disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, above right side disconnect-type extrusion terrace die, below left side disconnect-type terrace die and above left side disconnect-type terrace die, the extrusion die includes extrusion die and lower extrusion die, go up the extrusion die and be asymmetric setting in the positive central point of device with lower extrusion die, and go up the extrusion die and form the die cavity down between the extrusion die, the slip track includes right side slip track and left slip track, the slip sleeve includes below right side slip sleeve, above right slip sleeve, Upper left side sliding sleeve and left side below sliding sleeve, solid fixed splint include the solid fixed splint in right side below, the solid fixed splint in upper right side, the solid fixed splint in upper left side and the solid fixed splint in left side below, right side slip track and left side slip track and right side below sliding sleeve, upper right side sliding sleeve, upper left side sliding sleeve and left side below sliding sleeve pass through the solid fixed splint in right side below, the solid fixed splint in upper right side, the solid fixed splint in upper left side and the solid fixed splint in left side below and last extrusion die and extrude die smooth connection down, go up extrusion die and extrude the die down through the solid fixed splint in right side below, the solid fixed splint in upper right side, the solid fixed splint in upper left side and the solid fixed splint in left side below respectively with the solid fixed plate in right side below, the solid fixed plate in upper right side, the solid fixed plate in upper left side and the solid fixed plate fixed connection in left side below.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the heating rods are fixedly arranged in the die bodies of the upper extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die and are uniformly distributed on the die cavity and the periphery of the right bulge of the female die, the bulge of the upper extrusion female die and the left bulge of the female die.
A processing method of an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated convex die comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting materials: the abrasive paper comprises a solid block blank with different sectional areas, solid abrasive paper, solid powder high-temperature graphite, liquid absolute ethyl alcohol and liquid acetone;
s2, preprocessing one: firstly, removing burrs of a plate blank by using tools such as a file and the like, then, starting to polish the blank by using coarse abrasive paper, preliminarily removing impurities and nicks on the surface, and then, sequentially polishing by using fine abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the blank;
s3, preprocessing II: preparing a blank cleaning solution, wherein the ratio of the cleaning solution to acetone to absolute ethyl alcohol is =3:2, stirring uniformly after the preparation is finished, putting the blank into a cleaning tank, putting the blank into the cleaning tank, then putting the cleaning tank on an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and then drying the blank by using a blower for cold air drying;
s4, preprocessing three: debugging and starting a vacuum heating furnace, putting the blank into the center of a hearth when the reading shows that the temperature reaches a preset temperature, starting timing after the temperature in the furnace is kept stable, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h;
s5, installation and debugging device: firstly, coating proper and uniform lubricating graphite powder on the outer surfaces of a right lower separated type extrusion convex die, a right upper separated type extrusion convex die, a left lower separated type convex die and a left upper separated type convex die and the inner surfaces of an upper extrusion concave die and a lower extrusion concave die, then fixing a right lower concave die fixing plate and a left lower concave die fixing plate at the lower end on a base, fastening by bolts, then assembling the upper extrusion concave die and the lower extrusion concave die, a right sliding rail and a left sliding rail, a right lower sliding sleeve, a right upper sliding sleeve, a left upper sliding sleeve and a left lower sliding sleeve together through a right lower fixing clamping plate, a right upper fixing clamping plate, a left upper fixing clamping plate and a left lower fixing clamping plate, fastening and connecting by bolts, finally assembling the right upper concave die fixing plate and the left upper concave die fixing plate, and connecting the whole device into a whole through the right upper fixing clamping plate and the left upper fixing clamping plate, finally, the motion conditions of the right lower separated type extrusion convex die, the right upper separated type extrusion convex die, the left lower separated type convex die and the left upper separated type convex die are adjusted, and lubricating oil is coated;
s6, charging and heating the billet: before the press is started, smearing lubricating graphite on the outer side of the blank, filling the blank to an initial position, starting a heating rod on the outer side of a female die to enable the blank to reach a preset temperature of 200 ℃ and 500 ℃, and starting the press;
s7, starting extrusion: firstly, starting a horizontal double-acting hydraulic machine, pushing a lower right separated type extrusion male die and an upper right separated type extrusion male die to move leftwards, executing a separated type male die action command I and a separated type male die action command II, pushing the lower right separated type extrusion male die and the upper right separated type extrusion male die to a preset place, then fixing the movement of the lower right separated type extrusion male die and the upper right separated type extrusion male die to form a certain back pressure, bearing the asymmetric pier extrusion force of the male die on the right side when a blank passes through a channel to reach the right side, further promoting the plastic deformation of the blank, then executing a separated type male die action command III and a separated type male die action command IV, starting to push the lower left separated type male die and the upper left separated type male die to move rightwards, and further pushing the blank to start to deform;
s8, reciprocating extrusion: when the blank is extruded to the right end face, the right lower separated type extrusion convex die and the right upper separated type extrusion convex die are withdrawn, the blank is rapidly taken out, the blank is reversely placed in the extrusion channel, the right lower separated type extrusion convex die and the right upper separated type extrusion convex die are rapidly started, the blank is subjected to one-pass asymmetric extrusion deformation again, and the extrusion operation is repeated;
s9, material taking and subsequent processing: after the blank is extruded in multiple passes, withdrawing the right lower separated extrusion convex die, the right upper separated extrusion convex die, the left lower separated convex die and the left upper separated convex die, simultaneously taking out the right sliding rail, the left sliding rail, the right lower sliding sleeve, the right upper sliding sleeve, the left upper sliding sleeve and the left lower sliding sleeve, taking out the blank by using a clamp, cleaning the plate by using a cleaning solution, removing surface oil stains and impurities, finally drying by using cold air of a blower, marking and finishing processing.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the cleaning time of the cleaning tank on the ultrasonic cleaning machine is 25-35 min.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, the heating temperature of the vacuum heating furnace is set to 200-500 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S6, the holding time is started for 0.5 to 2 hours after the billet reaches the predetermined temperature.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated male die and a processing method, and the device has the following beneficial effects:
1. this asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with disconnect-type terrace die through the cooperation of the disconnect-type extrusion terrace die of right side below, the disconnect-type extrusion terrace die of upper right side, the disconnect-type terrace die of left side below and the disconnect-type terrace die of upper left side and last extrusion die and lower extrusion die, can realize the die cavity of different shapes and sizes, and then can realize the different plasticity flow modes of blank, finally realize fine grain size and weak basal plane texture.
2. This asymmetric reciprocal extrusion device with disconnect-type terrace die adopts combination formula die and disconnect-type terrace die, and consequently, this device is dismantled easily, simple to operate, after having carried out extrusion deformation, need not to carry out next extrusion and can take out the blank through simple dismouting, the next use of being convenient for.
3. The processing method of the asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with the separated convex die adopts an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion mode, can realize continuous processing production of large-size blanks, and greatly improves the production efficiency, thereby having important significance for actual production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separate punch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing a pressing state of an asymmetric reciprocating pressing apparatus having a separate punch according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the grain orientation of the extruded blank of the asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with the separated convex die at different positions.
In the figure: 1. a female die fixing plate is arranged at the lower right; 2. a splint is fixed at the lower right part; 3. a right lower separated type extrusion convex die; 4. a right upper separated type extrusion convex die; 5. a clamping plate is fixed at the upper right part; 6. a female die fixing plate at the upper right; 7. a right slide rail; 8. an upper extrusion female die; 9. a heating rod; 10. a left sliding rail; 11. a left lower separated male die; 12. a left upper separated male die; 13. a female die fixing plate at the upper left; 14. a clamping plate is fixed at the upper left part; 15. a lower extrusion female die; 16. a splint is fixed at the lower left; 17. a female die fixing plate at the lower left; 18. a right lower sliding sleeve; 19. a first action command of the separated male die; 20. a second separated punch action command; 21. a right upper sliding sleeve; 22. a right bulge of the female die; 23. a blank; 24. the upper extrusion concave die is protruded; 25. a left bulge of the female die; 26. a left upper sliding sleeve; 27. a fourth separated punch action command; 28. a third action command of the separated male die; 29. and a sleeve is slid at the lower left.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion apparatus having a split type male die includes a female die holder, a split type extrusion male die, an extrusion female die, a sliding rail, a sliding sleeve, and a fixing clamp plate, the female die holder includes a right lower female die holder 1, a right upper female die holder 6, a left upper female die holder 13, and a left lower female die holder 17, the split type extrusion male die includes a right lower split type extrusion male die 3, a right upper split type extrusion male die 4, a left lower split type male die 11, and a left upper split type male die 12, the extrusion female die includes an upper extrusion female die 8 and a lower extrusion female die 15, the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15 are asymmetrically disposed at a central position of the apparatus, and a die cavity is formed between the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15, the sliding rail includes a right sliding rail 7 and a left sliding rail 10, the sliding sleeve includes a right lower sliding sleeve 18, an upper right sliding sleeve 21, an upper left sliding sleeve 26, and a left lower sliding sleeve 29, the fixing clip includes a right lower fixing clip 2, an upper right fixing clip 5, an upper left fixing clip 14, and a left lower fixing clip 16, the right sliding rail 7, the left sliding rail 10, the right lower sliding sleeve 18, the upper right sliding sleeve 21, the upper left sliding sleeve 26, and the left lower sliding sleeve 29 are smoothly connected to the upper extrusion die 8 and the lower extrusion die 15 through the right lower fixing clip 2, the upper right fixing clip 5, the upper left fixing clip 14, and the left lower fixing clip 16, and the upper extrusion die 8 and the lower extrusion die 15 are respectively connected to the right lower fixing clip 1, the upper right fixing clip 5, the upper left fixing clip 14, and the left lower fixing clip 16 on the outer side, The upper right female die fixing plate 6, the upper left female die fixing plate 13 and the lower left female die fixing plate 17 are fixedly connected
As a specific technical scheme of this embodiment, the heating rods 9 are fixedly installed inside the die bodies of the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15, and are uniformly distributed around the die cavity, the right protrusion of the lower extrusion female die 15, the protrusion of the upper extrusion female die 8 and the left protrusion of the lower extrusion female die 15.
In this embodiment, the heating rod 9 is provided to facilitate heating of the blank 23.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a processing method of an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated convex die comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting materials: the solid block magnesium alloy blank 23 and the AZ31B magnesium alloy medium-thick plate blank are 10mm in thickness, 95% in magnesium content, 3.0% in aluminum content and 1.0% in zinc content, and the balance is elements such as Mn, Fe and the like, solid abrasive paper is made of SiC particles, the mesh number of the solid abrasive paper is 600#, 1000#, 1200#, 2500# in sequence from small to large, high-temperature graphite of solid powder, 99.5% absolute ethyl alcohol of 1200ml of liquid, 99% acetone of 800ml of liquid;
s2, preprocessing one: firstly, removing burrs of a plate blank by using tools such as a file and the like, then, starting to polish the blank 23 by using coarse abrasive paper, preliminarily removing impurities and nicks on the surface, and then, sequentially polishing by using fine abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the blank 23;
s3, preprocessing II: preparing a blank 23 cleaning solution, wherein the ratio of the cleaning solution to acetone to absolute ethyl alcohol is =3:2, stirring uniformly after the preparation is finished, putting the blank 23 into a cleaning tank, putting the blank 23 into the cleaning tank, then putting the cleaning tank on an ultrasonic cleaning machine, cleaning for 30min, and then drying by using a blower to dry with cold air;
s4, preprocessing three: debugging and starting a vacuum heating furnace, setting the heating temperature of the vacuum heating furnace to be 350 ℃, putting the blank 23 into the center of a hearth after the reading shows that the preset temperature is reached, starting timing after the temperature in the furnace is kept stable, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
s5, installation and debugging device: firstly, coating proper and uniform lubricating graphite powder on the outer surfaces of a right lower separated type extrusion male die 3, a right upper separated type extrusion male die 4, a left lower separated type male die 11 and a left upper separated type male die 12 and the inner surfaces of an upper extrusion female die 8 and a lower extrusion female die 15, then fixing a right lower female die fixing plate 1 and a left lower female die fixing plate 17 at the lower end on a base, fastening the base by bolts, then assembling the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15, a right sliding rail 7 and a left sliding rail 10, a right lower sliding sleeve 18, a right upper sliding sleeve 21, a left upper sliding sleeve 26 and a left lower sliding sleeve 29 together through a right lower fixing clamp plate 2, a right upper fixing clamp plate 5, a left upper fixing clamp plate 14 and a left lower fixing clamp plate 16, fastening the assembly by bolts, and finally assembling the right upper female die fixing plate 6 and the left upper female die fixing plate 13, the whole device is connected into a whole through the upper right fixed splint 5 and the upper left fixed splint 14, and finally, the motion conditions of the lower right separated extrusion convex die 3, the upper right separated extrusion convex die 4, the lower left separated convex die 11 and the upper left separated convex die 12 are adjusted and coated with lubricating oil;
s6, charging and heating: before the press is started, smearing lubricating graphite on the outer side of a blank 23, filling the blank 23 to an initial position, starting a heating rod 9 on the outer side of a female die to enable the blank 23 to reach a preset temperature of 350 ℃, starting heat preservation and timing for 2 hours after the blank 23 reaches the preset temperature, and starting the press;
s7, starting extrusion: firstly, starting a horizontal double-acting hydraulic press, pushing a lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and an upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to move leftwards, executing a separated type convex die action command I19 and a separated type convex die action command II 20, pushing the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to a preset place, then fixing the movement of the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to form a certain back pressure, when the blank 23 passes through the channel to the right, the asymmetric upsetting force of the right-side punch is borne, to further promote the plastic deformation of the blank 23, then, executing a third separated punch action command 28 and a fourth separated punch action command 27, starting to push the lower left separated punch 11 and the upper left separated punch 12 to move rightwards, and further pushing the blank 23 to start to deform;
s8, reciprocating extrusion: when the blank 23 is extruded to the right end face, the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are withdrawn, the blank 23 is rapidly taken out, the blank 23 is reversely placed in the extrusion channel, the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are rapidly started, so that the blank 23 is subjected to one-pass asymmetric extrusion deformation again, and six times of extrusion operation are repeated;
s9, material taking and subsequent processing: after the blank 23 is extruded for multiple times, the right lower separated extrusion male die 3, the right upper separated extrusion male die 4, the left lower separated male die 11 and the left upper separated male die 12 are withdrawn, the right sliding rail 7, the left sliding rail 10, the right lower sliding sleeve 18, the right upper sliding sleeve 21, the left upper sliding sleeve 26 and the left lower sliding sleeve 29 are simultaneously taken out, the blank 23 is taken out by a clamp, the plate is cleaned by cleaning liquid, the surface oil stain and impurities are removed, finally, the plate is dried by cold air of a blower, the mark is made, and the processing is finished.
And (4) conclusion: the average grain size is reduced to 1.78 μm from 16.85 μm of the original plate after six-pass extrusion, meanwhile, due to the asymmetric extrusion channel, the blank 23 is subjected to asymmetric shear force, the grain orientation can be changed continuously after multi-pass reciprocating extrusion, the basal plane texture is greatly weakened, the basal plane texture strength is reduced to 8.62 from 21.63 of the original plate, the comprehensive mechanical property of the magnesium alloy is greatly enhanced by the obvious refinement of the grains and the weakening of the texture, and the forming property of the magnesium alloy is obviously improved.
Example two:
a processing method of an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated convex die comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting materials: the aluminum alloy rod blank 23 is a solid block body and has different sectional areas, the aluminum alloy rod blank is a AZ61 magnesium alloy square section rod blank, the thickness is 16mm, the magnesium content is 92%, the aluminum content is 6.0%, the zinc content is 1.0%, the rest is elements such as Mn, Fe and the like, the sand paper is a solid, the material is SiC particles, the mesh number is 600#, 1000#, 1200#, 2500# in sequence from small to large, the high-temperature graphite of solid powder, 99.5% absolute ethyl alcohol of 1200ml of liquid, and 99% acetone of 800ml of liquid;
s2, preprocessing one: firstly, removing burrs of a plate blank by using tools such as a file and the like, then, starting to polish the blank 23 by using coarse abrasive paper, preliminarily removing impurities and nicks on the surface, and then, sequentially polishing by using fine abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the blank 23;
s3, preprocessing II: preparing a blank 23 cleaning solution, wherein the ratio of the cleaning solution to acetone to absolute ethyl alcohol is =3:2, stirring uniformly after the preparation is finished, putting the blank 23 into a cleaning tank, putting the blank 23 into the cleaning tank, then putting the cleaning tank on an ultrasonic cleaning machine, cleaning for 25min, and then drying by using a blower to dry with cold air;
s4, preprocessing three: debugging and starting a vacuum heating furnace, setting the heating temperature of the vacuum heating furnace to be 200 ℃, putting the blank 23 into the center of a hearth after the reading shows that the preset temperature is reached, starting timing after the temperature in the furnace is kept stable, and keeping the temperature for 0.5 h;
s5, installation and debugging device: firstly, coating proper and uniform lubricating graphite powder on the outer surfaces of a right lower separated type extrusion male die 3, a right upper separated type extrusion male die 4, a left lower separated type male die 11 and a left upper separated type male die 12 and the inner surfaces of an upper extrusion female die 8 and a lower extrusion female die 15, then fixing a right lower female die fixing plate 1 and a left lower female die fixing plate 17 at the lower end on a base, fastening the base by bolts, then assembling the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15, a right sliding rail 7 and a left sliding rail 10, a right lower sliding sleeve 18, a right upper sliding sleeve 21, a left upper sliding sleeve 26 and a left lower sliding sleeve 29 together through a right lower fixing clamp plate 2, a right upper fixing clamp plate 5, a left upper fixing clamp plate 14 and a left lower fixing clamp plate 16, fastening the assembly by bolts, and finally assembling the right upper female die fixing plate 6 and the left upper female die fixing plate 13, the whole device is connected into a whole through the upper right fixed splint 5 and the upper left fixed splint 14, and finally, the motion conditions of the lower right separated extrusion convex die 3, the upper right separated extrusion convex die 4, the lower left separated convex die 11 and the upper left separated convex die 12 are adjusted and coated with lubricating oil;
s6, charging and heating: before the press is started, smearing lubricating graphite on the outer side of a blank 23, filling the blank 23 to an initial position, starting a heating rod 9 on the outer side of a female die to enable the blank 23 to reach a preset temperature of 200 ℃, starting heat preservation and timing for 0.5h after the blank 23 reaches the preset temperature, and starting the press;
s7, starting extrusion: firstly, starting a horizontal double-acting hydraulic press, pushing a lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and an upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to move leftwards, executing a separated type convex die action command I19 and a separated type convex die action command II 20, pushing the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to a preset place, then fixing the movement of the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to form a certain back pressure, when the blank 23 passes through the channel to the right, the asymmetric upsetting force of the right-side punch is borne, to further promote the plastic deformation of the blank 23, then, executing a third separated punch action command 28 and a fourth separated punch action command 27, starting to push the lower left separated punch 11 and the upper left separated punch 12 to move rightwards, and further pushing the blank 23 to start to deform;
s8, reciprocating extrusion: when the blank 23 is extruded to the right end face, the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are withdrawn, the blank 23 is rapidly taken out, the blank 23 is reversely placed in the extrusion channel, and the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are rapidly started, so that the blank 23 is subjected to one-pass asymmetric extrusion deformation again, and twelve times of extrusion operation are repeated;
s9, material taking and subsequent processing: after the blank 23 is extruded for multiple times, the right lower separated extrusion male die 3, the right upper separated extrusion male die 4, the left lower separated male die 11 and the left upper separated male die 12 are withdrawn, the right sliding rail 7, the left sliding rail 10, the right lower sliding sleeve 18, the right upper sliding sleeve 21, the left upper sliding sleeve 26 and the left lower sliding sleeve 29 are simultaneously taken out, the blank 23 is taken out by a clamp, the plate is cleaned by cleaning liquid, the surface oil stain and impurities are removed, finally, the plate is dried by cold air of a blower, the mark is made, and the processing is finished.
And (4) conclusion: the average grain size is reduced to 800nm from 20.62 μm of the original plate after twelve-pass extrusion, meanwhile, due to the asymmetric extrusion channel, the blank 23 is subjected to asymmetric shearing force, the grain orientation can be continuously changed after multi-pass reciprocating extrusion, the basal plane texture is greatly weakened, the basal plane texture strength is reduced to 6.82 from 22.76 of the original plate, the comprehensive mechanical property of the magnesium alloy is greatly enhanced by the obvious refinement of the grains and the weakening of the texture, and the forming property of the magnesium alloy is obviously improved.
Example three:
a processing method of an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separated convex die comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting materials: the solid-block-shaped magnesium alloy ingot comprises a solid-block-shaped magnesium alloy blank 23 with different cross sections, a Mg-8Li-1Al-1Zn alloy rectangular ingot, a solid-state solid sand paper and a liquid-state liquid, wherein the thickness of the magnesium alloy ingot is 30mm, the magnesium content is 89%, the lithium content is 8.0%, the aluminum content is 1.0%, the zinc content is 1.0%, and the balance is Mn, Fe and other elements, the material of the solid-state solid sand paper is SiC particles, the mesh number of the solid-state solid sand paper is 600#, 1000#, 1200#, and 2500# in sequence from small to large, high-temperature graphite of solid-state powder, 99.5% absolute ethyl alcohol of 1200ml of liquid, and 99% acetone of 800ml of liquid;
s2, preprocessing one: firstly, removing burrs of a plate blank by using tools such as a file and the like, then, starting to polish the blank 23 by using coarse abrasive paper, preliminarily removing impurities and nicks on the surface, and then, sequentially polishing by using fine abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the blank 23;
s3, preprocessing II: preparing a blank 23 cleaning solution, wherein the ratio of the cleaning solution to acetone to absolute ethyl alcohol is =3:2, stirring uniformly after the preparation is finished, putting the blank 23 into a cleaning tank, putting the blank 23 into the cleaning tank, then putting the cleaning tank on an ultrasonic cleaning machine, cleaning for 35min, and then drying by using a blower to dry with cold air;
s4, preprocessing three: debugging and starting a vacuum heating furnace, setting the heating temperature of the vacuum heating furnace to be 500 ℃, putting the blank 23 into the center of a hearth after the reading shows that the preset temperature is reached, starting timing after the temperature in the furnace is kept stable, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
s5, installation and debugging device: firstly, coating proper and uniform lubricating graphite powder on the outer surfaces of a right lower separated type extrusion male die 3, a right upper separated type extrusion male die 4, a left lower separated type male die 11 and a left upper separated type male die 12 and the inner surfaces of an upper extrusion female die 8 and a lower extrusion female die 15, then fixing a right lower female die fixing plate 1 and a left lower female die fixing plate 17 at the lower end on a base, fastening the base by bolts, then assembling the upper extrusion female die 8 and the lower extrusion female die 15, a right sliding rail 7 and a left sliding rail 10, a right lower sliding sleeve 18, a right upper sliding sleeve 21, a left upper sliding sleeve 26 and a left lower sliding sleeve 29 together through a right lower fixing clamp plate 2, a right upper fixing clamp plate 5, a left upper fixing clamp plate 14 and a left lower fixing clamp plate 16, fastening the assembly by bolts, and finally assembling the right upper female die fixing plate 6 and the left upper female die fixing plate 13, the whole device is connected into a whole through the upper right fixed splint 5 and the upper left fixed splint 14, and finally, the motion conditions of the lower right separated extrusion convex die 3, the upper right separated extrusion convex die 4, the lower left separated convex die 11 and the upper left separated convex die 12 are adjusted and coated with lubricating oil;
s6, charging and heating: before the press is started, smearing lubricating graphite on the outer side of a blank 23, filling the blank 23 to an initial position, starting a heating rod 9 on the outer side of a female die to enable the blank 23 to reach a preset temperature of 500 ℃, starting heat preservation and timing for 2 hours after the blank 23 reaches the preset temperature, and starting the press;
s7, starting extrusion: firstly, starting a horizontal double-acting hydraulic press, pushing a lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and an upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to move leftwards, executing a separated type convex die action command I19 and a separated type convex die action command II 20, pushing the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to a preset place, then fixing the movement of the lower right separated type extrusion convex die 3 and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die 4 to form a certain back pressure, when the blank 23 passes through the channel to the right, the asymmetric upsetting force of the right-side punch is borne, to further promote the plastic deformation of the blank 23, then, executing a third separated punch action command 28 and a fourth separated punch action command 27, starting to push the lower left separated punch 11 and the upper left separated punch 12 to move rightwards, and further pushing the blank 23 to start to deform;
s8, reciprocating extrusion: when the blank 23 is extruded to the right end face, the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are withdrawn, the blank 23 is rapidly taken out, the blank 23 is reversely placed in the extrusion channel, and the lower right separated extrusion punch 3 and the upper right separated extrusion punch 4 are rapidly started, so that the blank 23 is subjected to one-pass asymmetric extrusion deformation again, and twelve times of extrusion operation are repeated;
s9, material taking and subsequent processing: after the blank 23 is extruded for multiple times, the right lower separated extrusion male die 3, the right upper separated extrusion male die 4, the left lower separated male die 11 and the left upper separated male die 12 are withdrawn, the right sliding rail 7, the left sliding rail 10, the right lower sliding sleeve 18, the right upper sliding sleeve 21, the left upper sliding sleeve 26 and the left lower sliding sleeve 29 are simultaneously taken out, the blank 23 is taken out by a clamp, the plate is cleaned by cleaning liquid, the surface oil stain and impurities are removed, finally, the plate is dried by cold air of a blower, the mark is made, and the processing is finished.
And (4) conclusion: the average grain size is reduced to 2.32 μm from 121.21 μm of the original plate after twelve-pass extrusion, meanwhile, due to the asymmetric extrusion channel, the blank 23 is subjected to asymmetric shear force, the grain orientation can be changed continuously after multi-pass reciprocating extrusion, the texture of the basal plane is greatly weakened, the strength of the texture of the basal plane is reduced to 6.56 after twelve passes from 28.9 after one pass of extrusion, the comprehensive mechanical property of the magnesium alloy is greatly enhanced by the obvious refinement of the grains and the weakening of the texture, and the forming property of the magnesium alloy is obviously improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: before extrusion is started, the right lower separated extrusion convex die 3 and the right upper separated extrusion convex die 4 are firstly sealed to form backpressure, so that a upsetting force is generated after a blank 23 flows to the tail end of a channel, the deformation of the blank 23 is further promoted, then the blank 23 is filled to a preset position, the left lower separated convex die 11 and the left upper separated convex die 12 are started to respectively start extrusion, the blank 23 is subjected to a certain shearing force in the initial flowing stage due to asynchronous extrusion strokes, the blank 23 at corresponding different positions can be subjected to asynchronous shearing deformation, when the blank 23 flows to a die left bulge 25 of a lower extrusion die 15, the lower end blank 23 is firstly subjected to a certain resistance to be subjected to shearing deformation, finally the blank 23 flows along a die left bulge 25, at the moment, the upper end of the blank 23 is in a free flowing stage, and therefore at the die left bulge 25, the blank 23 is subjected to a large amount of shear deformation, the crystal grain c axially inclines in the deformation direction, the basal plane texture is weakened, then when the blank 23 flows to the upper extrusion female die bulge 24 of the upper extrusion female die 8, the upper end of the blank 23 is subjected to resistance and shear deformation, the crystal grain c axis deflects again, the basal plane texture is further weakened, similarly, the blank 23 continues to be subjected to shear deformation when flowing through the female die right bulge 22, the basal plane texture strength is further reduced, after the blank 23 is subjected to multi-pass reciprocating extrusion, a large amount of uniform plastic deformation occurs on each part of the blank 23, the crystal grain size is obviously reduced, the basal plane texture is greatly weakened, and the comprehensive mechanical property and the forming property of the plate are obviously improved.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The processing method of the asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with the separated male die is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting materials: a solid block blank (23) with different cross sections, solid sand paper, solid powder high-temperature graphite, liquid absolute ethyl alcohol and liquid acetone;
s2, preprocessing one: firstly, removing burrs of a plate blank by using tools such as a file and the like, then, starting to polish the blank (23) by using coarse abrasive paper, preliminarily removing surface impurities and nicks, and then, sequentially polishing by using fine abrasive paper to remove a surface oxide layer of the blank (23);
s3, preprocessing II: preparing a blank (23) cleaning solution, wherein the ratio of the cleaning solution to acetone to absolute ethyl alcohol is =3:2, stirring uniformly after the preparation is finished, putting the blank into a cleaning tank, putting the blank (23) into the cleaning tank, then putting the cleaning tank on an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and then drying the blank with a blower by cold air;
s4, preprocessing three: debugging and starting a vacuum heating furnace, putting the blank (23) into the center of a hearth after the reading shows that the temperature reaches a preset temperature, starting timing after the temperature in the furnace is kept stable, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h;
s5, installation and debugging device: firstly, coating proper and uniform lubricating graphite powder on the outer surfaces of a right lower separated type extrusion convex die (3), a right upper separated type extrusion convex die (4), a left lower separated type convex die (11) and a left upper separated type convex die (12) and the inner surfaces of an upper extrusion concave die (8) and a lower extrusion concave die (15), then fixing a right lower concave die fixing plate (1) and a left lower concave die fixing plate (17) at the lower end on a base, fastening by using bolts, then fixing the upper extrusion concave die (8), the lower extrusion concave die (15), a right sliding rail (7), a left sliding rail (10), a right lower sliding sleeve (18), a right upper sliding sleeve (21), a left upper sliding sleeve (26) and the left lower sliding sleeve (29) through a right lower fixed clamping plate (2), a right upper fixed clamping plate (5), a left upper fixed clamping plate (14) and a left lower fixed clamping plate (16), the die fixing device is characterized by comprising a right upper female die fixing plate (6) and a left upper female die fixing plate (13) which are assembled together and fastened and connected by using bolts, the whole device is connected into a whole by a right upper fixing clamp plate (5) and a left upper fixing clamp plate (14), and finally, the motion conditions of a right lower separated extrusion male die (3), a right upper separated extrusion male die (4), a left lower separated male die (11) and a left upper separated male die (12) are debugged and lubricating oil is smeared;
s6, charging and heating: before the press is started, the outer side of the blank (23) is coated with lubricating graphite, the blank (23) is filled to an initial position, the heating rod (9) on the outer side of the female die is started, and the press is started after the blank (23) reaches the preset temperature of 200 ℃ and 500 ℃;
s7, starting extrusion: firstly, starting a horizontal double-acting hydraulic machine, pushing a lower right separated type extrusion male die (3) and an upper right separated type extrusion male die (4) to move leftwards, executing a separated type male die action command I (19) and a separated type male die action command II (20), pushing the lower right separated type extrusion male die (3) and the upper right separated type extrusion male die (4) to a preset position, then fixing the movement of the lower right separated type extrusion male die (3) and the upper right separated type extrusion male die (4) to form a certain back pressure, bearing the asymmetric upsetting force of the right male die when a blank (23) passes through a channel to reach the right side to further promote the plastic deformation of the blank (23), then executing a separated type male die action command III (28) and a separated type male die action command IV (27), and starting to push a lower left separated type male die (11) and an upper left separated type male die (12) to move rightwards, further pushing the blank (23) to start to deform, and because the left lower separated male die (11) and the left upper separated male die (12) are in asynchronous extrusion strokes, the blank (23) is subjected to certain shearing force in the initial flowing stage, and the blanks (23) at different corresponding positions can be subjected to asynchronous shearing deformation;
s8, reciprocating extrusion: when the blank (23) is extruded to the right end face, the lower right separated type extrusion convex die (3) and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die (4) are withdrawn, the blank (23) is rapidly taken out, the blank (23) is reversely placed in an extrusion channel, and the lower right separated type extrusion convex die (3) and the upper right separated type extrusion convex die (4) are rapidly started, so that the blank (23) is subjected to one-pass asymmetric extrusion deformation again, and the extrusion operation is repeated;
s9, material taking and subsequent processing: after the blank (23) is extruded in multiple passes, withdrawing the right lower separated extrusion male die (3), the right upper separated extrusion male die (4), the left lower separated male die (11) and the left upper separated male die (12), simultaneously taking out the right sliding rail (7), the left sliding rail (10), the right lower sliding sleeve (18), the right upper sliding sleeve (21), the left upper sliding sleeve (26) and the left lower sliding sleeve (29), taking out the blank (23) by using a clamp, cleaning the plate by using a cleaning solution, performing clean treatment, removing surface oil stains and impurities, finally drying by using cold air of a blower, well marking and finishing processing.
2. The method for manufacturing an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separate punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S3, the cleaning time of the cleaning tank on the ultrasonic cleaning machine is 25-35 min.
3. The method for manufacturing an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separate punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the heating temperature of the vacuum heating furnace is set to 200-500 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing an asymmetric reciprocating extrusion device with a separate punch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S6, starting heat preservation timing for 0.5-2h after the blank (23) reaches the preset temperature.
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