CN110504854A - 一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法 Download PDF

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CN110504854A
CN110504854A CN201910843089.0A CN201910843089A CN110504854A CN 110504854 A CN110504854 A CN 110504854A CN 201910843089 A CN201910843089 A CN 201910843089A CN 110504854 A CN110504854 A CN 110504854A
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,包括以下步骤:S1:令dq旋转坐标系下的待输出电压为Vd与Vq,在转abc三相静止坐标系时,采用补偿后的变换角度θ'进行变换,以补偿死区效应引起的相位偏移;S2:考虑死区时间对调制波分解量Δd进行限幅,超过限值时取边界值,获得新的调制波分解量Δd',并计算得到分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx‑;S3:根据相电流ix的方向,对分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx‑进行死区幅值补偿,获得新的正、负调制波Vx+'与Vx‑'。本发明利用了双调制波载波调制的特点,并以上述步骤对死区引起的相位偏移与幅值偏移进行了补偿,以减少死区效应,提高波形的稳定性。

Description

一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法
技术领域
本发明涉及逆变器控制技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法。
背景技术
多电平技术解决了功率器件直接串联的均压问题,具有du/dt小,波形质量高,开关频率低,效率高等优点,一直被广泛应用于中高压大容量变流系统中。三电平逆变器,包括中点箝位型(Neutral-point-clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器,如图1所示,T型三电平逆变器,如图2所示,是最为成熟的多电平拓扑,在交流驱动、机车牵引、有源滤波、新能源发电与储能等领域有着广泛的应用。
三电平逆变器的调制方式种类繁多,包括空间矢量调制、正弦脉宽调制、选定谐波消除调制、双调制波载波调制等。其中,双调制波载波调制的调制波分解如图3所示,公式可表示为:
其中,Vx的下标x可为a或b或c,表示三相中具体某一相调制波;Δd>0表示调制波的分解量Vx+与Vx-表示分解后的正调制波与负调制波。
通过上述双调制波载波调制,能够实现一些性能优异的调制方法。例如,中国专利号ZL201611267826.X,《基于双调制波载波调制的三电平逆变器中点电位反馈控制方法》,实现了三电平逆变器中点电位的任意调节,消除了中点不平衡引起的输出电压波形畸变和基波偏离,消除了中点电位的低频波动。
为了防止直流侧电压直连贯穿短路,造成逆变器损毁,上述所有调制方式在开关状态发生变化时都必须加入一个死区时间。死区时间将引起死区效应,具体表现为逆变器输出电压的幅值偏移与相位偏移、低次谐波放大、以及运行稳定性下降等。当死区时间变长、开关频率较高时,三电平逆变器的死区效应将十分明显,必须加以补偿。
双调制波载波调制与传统三电平调制方式有较大区别,一般的死区补偿方式无法沿用。如图4所示,考虑死区影响时,除一般死区效应造成的相位偏移与幅值偏移外,双调制波载波调制也有其特殊性:
一个开关周期内的开关状态变化四次,是常规调制方式变化次数的两倍,会严重放大死区效应;
当调制波分解量Δd增大时N和P状态之间的O状态将变小,而O状态过小将导致逆变器输出在P与N状态间直接跳变(见图3),易导致开关管过压损坏。如图3所示,T2、T3均导通的稳定O状态持续时间仍将被死区进一步降低,若Δd限值不计死区仅按最小O状态持续时间考虑,上述故障仍可能发生。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,能够显著减轻死区效应的影响。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,在包括以下步骤:
S1:令dq旋转坐标系下的待输出电压为Vd与Vq,在转abc三相静止坐标系时,采用补偿后的变换角度θ'进行变换,以补偿死区效应引起的相位偏移;
S2:考虑死区时间对调制波分解量Δd进行限幅,超过限值时取边界值,获得新的调制波分解量Δd',并计算得到分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-
S3:根据相电流ix的方向,对分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-进行死区幅值补偿,获得新的正、负调制波Vx+'与Vx-'。
本发明利用了双调制波载波调制的特点,并以上述步骤对死区引起的相位偏移与幅值偏移进行了补偿,以减少死区效应,提高波形的稳定性。
优选的,步骤S1中所述的补偿后的变换角度θ'计算公式为θ'=θ-Dt*fb*π,其中为θ原变换角度,θ'为补偿后的变换角度,Dt为死区时间,fb为基波频率。补偿的效果是将理论输出超前了
优选的,步骤S2中所述的新的调制波分解量Δd'的计算公式为其中Vdc为直流母线的电压,Vx为三相中具体某一相调制波,Tmino为最小0状态的持续时间,Ts为逆变器的开关周期。
优选的,步骤S2中原始Δd根据双调制波载波调制的优化控制目标决定。
优选的,步骤S2中所述的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-按双调制波载波调制获得,其计算过程为:当Vx>0时,Vx+=Vx+Δd',Vx-=-Δd';当Vx<0,Vx+=Δd',Vx-=Vx-Δd',其中Vx的下标x可为a或b或c。
更优选的,步骤S3中新的正、负调制波Vx+'与Vx-'的计算过程如下所示:当ix>0时,当ix<0时,其中ix为某一相的相电流。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明根据三电平逆变器双调制波载波调制的特点,对死区引起的相位偏移与幅值偏移进行了补偿,减小了死区效应,提高了波形质量与控制稳定性;本发明还考虑了死区造成的稳定O状态的脉宽衰减,保证了最小的稳定O状态,防止了稳定O状态过小造成的功率开关管损坏,提高了装置可靠性。
附图说明
图1是中点箝位型三电平逆变器相桥臂拓扑示意图。
图2是T型三电平逆变器相桥臂拓扑示意图。
图3是双调制波载波调制示意图。
图4是死区对双调制波载波调制的影响示意图。
图5是基于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿逻辑步骤示意图。
图6是死区补偿后双调制波载波调制的输出情况示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将通过实施例和附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
如图5所示,本发明技术方案的过程如下所示:
a.假设dq旋转坐标系下的待输出电压为Vd与Vq,在转abc三相静止坐标系时,将变换角度θ按公式θ'=θ-Dt*fb*π进行补偿,并采用补偿后的变换角度θ'进行变换,得到Va、Vb、Vc。如图6所示,补偿的效果是将理论输出超前了
b.假设需要对上述步骤得到的Va相进行Δd的调制波分解,首先根据公式计算Δd的极限值,若Δd未超限,则Δd'=Δd,如果超限,Δd按照极限值选取,该步骤效果是,保证了稳定O状态最小持续时间>Tmino。
c.根据调制波分解的原理,调制波分解量取Δd',按公式进行调制波分解,得到Va+与Va-
d.采集相电流ia的方向(ia>0为流出逆变器;ia<0为流入逆变器),根据公式对正、负调制波Va+与Va-进行死区幅值补偿,获得新的正、负调制波Va+'与Va-'。如图6所示,补偿的效果是根据相电流的方向改变了P与N脉宽的时长,以保证死区逻辑后的实际输出与理论输出一致。
上述步骤b中原始Δd的选取根据双调制波载波调制的控制目标与相关要求选取。上述步骤d中关于ia方向的确定,由于实际传感器存在误差,电流过零点时补偿公式存在不确定性。作为改进方案,可以设定一定阈值,在电流绝对值较小时不予补偿。
以上所述实例的实施方式仅用来解释本发明,而不对本发明施加限制,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,对本发明所做任何修改和改变,均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:令dq旋转坐标系下的待输出电压为Vd与Vq,在转abc三相静止坐标系时,采用补偿后的变换角度θ'进行变换,以补偿死区效应引起的相位偏移;
S2:考虑死区时间对调制波分解量Δd进行限幅,超过限值时取边界值,获得新的调制波分解量Δd',并计算得到分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-
S3:根据相电流ix的方向,对分解后的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-进行死区幅值补偿,获得新的正、负调制波Vx+'与Vx-'。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述的补偿后的变换角度θ'计算公式为θ'=θ-Dt*fb*π,其中为θ原变换角度,θ'为补偿后的变换角度,Dt为死区时间,fb为基波频率。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述的新的调制波分解量Δd'的计算公式为其中Vdc为直流母线的电压,Vx为三相中具体某一相调制波,Tmino为最小0状态的持续时间,Ts为逆变器的开关周期。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中原始Δd根据双调制波载波调制的优化控制目标决定。
5.根据权利要求3中所述的一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述的正、负调制波Vx+与Vx-按双调制波载波调制获得,其计算过程为:当Vx>0时,Vx+=Vx+Δd',Vx-=-Δd';当Vx<0,Vx+=Δd',Vx-=Vx-Δd',其中Vx的下标x可为a或b或c。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的一种适用于双调制波载波调制的死区补偿方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中新的正、负调制波Vx+'与Vx-'的计算过程如下所示:当ix>0时,当ix<0时,其中ix为某一相的相电流。
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