CN110498949B - 一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法,属于纳米复合材料的制备领域。首先,将40质量份的柠檬酸、7~15质量份的水、0.08~0.4质量份氯化铁和1~3质量份的漂白木浆混合,在反应温度为80℃~110℃条件下反应4h~6h,制备出表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,然后,将制得的纤维素纳米晶体与银离子络合,再通过光诱导还原的方法将银离子原位还原为银纳米簇。该制备方法反应条件温和,操作简单,制得的纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料具有良好的发光性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米复合材料的制备领域,特别涉及一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
纤维素纳米晶体是一种直径为1nm~100nm,长度为几十到几百纳米的刚性棒状纤维素,通常是由纤维素选择性的降解无定型区而保留结晶区最终形成的纤维素纳米结构,降解条件包括:酸水解法、酶水解法、氧化降解法等。与普通的非纳米纤维素相比,由于纤维素纳米晶体的高纯度、高结晶度、高杨氏模量、高强度等特性,其在材料合成上展示出了极高的杨氏模量和强度等性能,使其广泛应用于增强纳米复合材料,显著提高了复合材料的机械和载荷性能;加之其具有生物材料的轻质、可降解、生物相容及可再生等特性,生物医药方面的应用也非常广泛,比如伤口涂覆材料、药物载体等。银纳米簇(尺寸小于2nm)是近些年来发展的一类新型且性能卓越的发光标记材料,具有抗光漂白、生物相容性好等优异性能,同时也表现出比银纳米粒子更加优越的抑菌性能。然而,湿法合成的银纳米簇不能单独稳定存在,需要一定的模板剂和保护剂,常见的模板剂包括含羧酸类聚合物(如甲基丙烯酸)、DNA链、肽链、蛋白、含巯基的小分子等。
鉴于银纳米簇所表现出的优越发光性能和比银纳米粒子更优越的抗菌性能,如能将银纳米簇负载在来源更广泛且结晶度高的纤维素纳米晶体表面,形成纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料,可赋予纤维素纳米晶体发光性能和抗菌性能,将在重金属检测、细胞成像、生物抗菌材料、抗菌增强材料等方面的应用会有广阔的应用前景。近年来,已有关于细菌纤维素表面负载银纳米粒子的文献报道,其中细菌纤维素也是一种纳米纤维素,但不同于纤维素纳米晶体,其来源是由特种细菌以葡萄糖为原料合成得到,且复合材料中的银纳米粒子粒径大于2nm,不同于银纳米簇。基于来源更为广阔的纤维素纳米晶体来开发纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料,将在新型多功能材料的开发中具有更重要的意义,可用于重金属检测、细胞成像、生物抗菌材料、抗菌增强材料等领域。
本发明将通过一步三氯化铁催化柠檬酸水解漂白木浆的方法制备出表面为柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,纤维素纳米晶体表面的柠檬酸修饰基团用作银纳米簇的模板剂,通过光诱导还原的方法,最终实现银纳米簇在纤维素纳米晶体表面的负载,构建出纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。
发明内容
本发明主要目的是提供一种制备纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明将通过三氯化铁催化柠檬酸水解漂白木浆的方法制备出表面为柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,然后通过光诱导还原的方法,在纤维素纳米晶体表面原位负载银纳米簇,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体的制备:将40质量份的柠檬酸与7~15质量份的水在15℃~35℃条件下混合,加入0.08~0.4质量份的三氯化铁,机械搅拌5min~10min,然后加入1~3质量份的漂白木浆,然后加热到80℃~110℃,机械搅拌,反应4h~6h,加入300~800质量份的蒸馏水稀释,然后在5000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,倾倒出上清液而保留沉淀部分,然后对所得沉淀用200~800质量份的蒸馏水分散,再在8000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,重复此用蒸馏水离心洗涤过程4~8次,对洗涤后所得固体进行冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,制得表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体。
(2)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体表面负载银纳米簇的方法:将1质量份由步骤(1)制得的纤维素纳米晶体与25~100质量份的蒸馏水混合,磁力搅拌30min~60min,用质量分数为1%的NaOH水溶液调pH为7~8之间,然后加入0.003~0.03质量份的硝酸银,避光下磁力搅拌30min~60min,然后在8000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,倒出上清液,固体沉淀分散在25~100质量份的蒸馏水中,避光下磁力搅拌30min~60min,然后在磁力搅拌的条件下在光照波长为254nm~360nm的紫外灯下照射15min~45min,制得纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。
所述的漂白木浆为漂白阔叶木浆、漂白针叶木浆中的一种;所述的机械搅拌的搅拌速度为100r/min~500r/min;所述的磁力搅拌的搅拌速度为200r/min~800r/min。
有益效果:
(1)本发明利用氯化铁催化柠檬酸水解法一步制备出纤维素纳米晶体,具有反应效率高的特点,解决了单纯柠檬酸水解纤维素效率低的问题,且所得纤维素纳米晶体表面被柠檬酸修饰。
(2)本发明的纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料具有发光性能,并表现出良好的抗光漂白性能,可用于重金属检测、细胞成像、生物抗菌材料、抗菌增强材料等领域。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅是作为本发明的实施方案的例子列举,并不对本发明构成任何限制,本领域技术人员可以理解在不偏离本发明的实质和构思的范围内的修改均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体的制备:在25℃条件下依次将80g的柠檬酸、14g的水和加入0.8g的三氯化铁加入250mL三口瓶中,机械搅拌5min,搅拌速度为100r/min,然后加入2g的漂白硫酸盐桉木浆,油浴控温,加热到110℃,继续机械搅拌,搅拌速度为100r/min,反应6h后,加入1600g的蒸馏水稀释,然后在5000r/min的转速下离心5min,倾倒出上清液而保留沉淀部分,然后对所得沉淀用400g的蒸馏水分散,再在8000r/min的转速下离心10min,重复此用蒸馏水离心洗涤过程4次,对洗涤后所得固体进行冷冻干燥,制得表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,得率为73%。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,所得的纤维素纳米晶体长度为160±56nm。红外光谱分析表明,制得的纤维素纳米晶体在1710cm-1处有羰基伸缩振动吸收峰,表明纤维素纳米晶体表面修饰上柠檬酸。
(2)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体表面负载银纳米簇:在50mL烧杯中,将1g由步骤(1)制得的纤维素纳米晶体与25g的蒸馏水混合,磁力搅拌30min,用质量分数为1%的NaOH水溶液调pH为7.13,然后加入0.003g的硝酸银,避光下磁力搅拌30min,然后在10000r/min的转速下离心5min,倒出上清液,固体沉淀分散在25g的蒸馏水中,避光下磁力搅拌30min,然后在转速为200r/min的磁力搅拌的条件下在波长254nm的紫外灯下照射15min,制得纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,形成的银纳米簇粒径在1nm~2nm之间分布,所得材料的激发波长为365nm,发射波长为473nm,在室内无阳光直射的条件下放置30天,材料的激发波长、发射波长、发光强度均无明显变化。
实施例2
(1)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体的制备:在25℃条件下依次将80g的柠檬酸、30g的水和0.8g的三氯化铁加入250mL三口瓶中,机械搅拌5min,搅拌速度为100r/min,然后加入6g的漂白硫酸盐杨木浆,油浴控温,加热到90℃,继续机械搅拌,搅拌速度为100r/min,反应6h后,加入600g的蒸馏水稀释,然后在6000r/min的转速下离心5min,倾倒出上清液而保留沉淀部分,然后对所得沉淀用400g的蒸馏水分散,再在10000r/min的转速下离心5min,重复此用蒸馏水离心洗涤过程4次,对洗涤后所得固体进行冷冻干燥,制得表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,得率为74%。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,所得的纤维素纳米晶体长度为275±89nm。红外光谱分析表明,制得的纤维素纳米晶体在1710cm-1处有羰基伸缩振动吸收峰,表明纤维素纳米晶体表面修饰上柠檬酸。
(2)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体表面负载银纳米簇:在250mL烧杯中,将0.5g由步骤(1)制得的纤维素纳米晶体与50g的蒸馏水混合,磁力搅拌30min,用质量分数为1%的NaOH水溶液调pH为7.87,然后加入0.03g的硝酸银,避光下磁力搅拌60min,然后在8000r/min的转速下离心5min,倒出上清液,固体沉淀分散在50g的蒸馏水中,避光下磁力搅拌30min,然后在磁力搅拌的条件下在波长360nm的紫外灯下照射45min,制得纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,形成的银纳米簇粒径在1nm~2nm之间分布,所得材料的激发波长为368nm,发射波长为479nm,在室内无阳光直射的条件下放置30天,材料的激发波长、发射波长、发光强度均无明显变化。
实施例3
(1)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体的制备:在35℃条件下依次将80g的柠檬酸、20g的水和0.4g的三氯化铁加入250mL三口瓶中,机械搅拌10min,搅拌速度为500r/min,然后加入3g的漂白硫酸盐松木浆,油浴控温,加热到80℃,继续机械搅拌,搅拌速度为500r/min,反应5h后,加入1000g的蒸馏水稀释,然后在6000r/min的转速下离心10min,倾倒出上清液而保留沉淀部分,然后对所得沉淀用1000g的蒸馏水分散,再在8000r/min的转速下离心10min,重复此用蒸馏水离心洗涤过程6次,对洗涤后所得固体进行喷雾干燥,制得表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体,得率为78%。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,所得的纤维素纳米晶体长度为241±78nm。红外光谱分析表明,制得的纤维素纳米晶体在1710cm-1处有羰基伸缩振动吸收峰,表明纤维素纳米晶体表面修饰上柠檬酸。
(2)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体表面负载银纳米簇:在100mL烧杯中,将1g由步骤(1)制得的纤维素纳米晶体与30g的蒸馏水混合,磁力搅拌30min,用质量分数为1%的NaOH水溶液调pH为7.94,然后加入0.03g的硝酸银,避光下磁力搅拌60min,然后在8000r/min的转速下离心5min,倒出上清液,固体沉淀分散在50g的蒸馏水中,避光下磁力搅拌30min,然后在磁力搅拌的条件下在波长360nm的紫外灯下照射45min,制得纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。高分辨透射电镜分析表明,形成的银纳米簇粒径在1nm~2nm之间分布,所得材料的激发波长为366nm,发射波长为478nm,在室内无阳光直射的条件下放置30天,材料的激发波长、发射波长、发光强度均无明显变化。
Claims (3)
1.一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法,所述的制备方法包括下列步骤:
(1)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体的制备:将40质量份的柠檬酸与7~15质量份的水在15℃~35℃条件下混合,加入0.08~0.4质量份的三氯化铁,机械搅拌5min~10min,然后加入1~3质量份的漂白木浆,然后加热到80℃~110℃,机械搅拌,反应4h~6h,加入300~800质量份的蒸馏水稀释,然后在5000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,倾倒出上清液而保留沉淀部分,然后对所得沉淀用200~800质量份的蒸馏水分散,再在8000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,重复此用蒸馏水离心洗涤过程4~8次,对洗涤后所得固体进行冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥,制得表面柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体;
(2)柠檬酸修饰的纤维素纳米晶体表面负载银纳米簇的方法:将1质量份由步骤(1)制得的纤维素纳米晶体与25~100质量份的蒸馏水混合,磁力搅拌30min~60min,用质量分数为1%的NaOH水溶液调pH为7~8之间,然后加入0.003~0.03质量份的硝酸银,避光下磁力搅拌30min~60min,然后在8000r/min~10000r/min的转速下离心5min~10min,倒出上清液,固体沉淀分散在25~100质量份的蒸馏水中,避光下磁力搅拌30min~60min,然后在磁力搅拌的条件下在光照波长为254nm~360nm的紫外灯下照射15min~45min,制得纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的漂白木浆为漂白阔叶木浆、漂白针叶木浆中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维素纳米晶体负载银纳米簇复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的机械搅拌的搅拌速度为100r/min~500r/min,所述的磁力搅拌的搅拌速度为200r/min~800r/min。
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