CN110496597A - 氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110496597A
CN110496597A CN201810481410.0A CN201810481410A CN110496597A CN 110496597 A CN110496597 A CN 110496597A CN 201810481410 A CN201810481410 A CN 201810481410A CN 110496597 A CN110496597 A CN 110496597A
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王风云
朱思迪
夏明珠
雷武
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。所述方法以无机改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体为原料,混合后加入水,超声条件下搅拌反应,经抽滤,将滤饼干燥后,研磨粉碎过筛,得到氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料。本发明的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的比表面积大、吸附能力强,并且制备方法简单、原料成本较低,对污水中的重金属离子和有机污染物具有较强的吸附能力,可应用于污水处理领域。

Description

氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于复合吸附材料的制备技术领域,涉及一种氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨烯的派生物,具有碳原子以SP2杂化方式形成的六边形紧密排列网状晶体结构,含有大量含氧官能团,如羟基和羧基。
蒙脱土(Mt)是2:1型硅酸盐矿物质。其结构是由两层硅氧四面体夹一层铝氧八面体组成的类似三明治形硅酸盐矿物。该四面体中的Si4+被A13+所取代,八面体的Al3+被Mg2+取代。同晶置换作用使Mt层间产生永久性的负电荷,而这种电负性就为Mt层间进行阳离子交换提供了可能,交换能力用阳离子交换容量(CEC)来衡量。蒙脱土具有良好的吸附能力和离子交换能力,并且廉价易得,稳定性好,因而被广泛应用于污水处理领域。近年来,蒙脱土在处理含重金属离子的废水方面起着越来越大的作用(Zhang S Q,Hou W G.Adsorptionbehavior of Pb(II)on montmorillonite[J].Colloids&Surfaces A Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2008,320(1–3):92-97.)。中国专利201510106039.6公开了一种石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料,但其对重金属离子的吸附能力过低(对六价铬的吸附能力为13mg/g),无法有效去除废水中的重金属离子。
发明内容
本发明提供一种氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的制备方法,该方法制备工艺简单,适合工业化生产。
本发明的技术方案如下:
氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤(1),将钠基蒙脱土分散在水中,加入HCl调节pH至中性,搅拌反应,得到酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土;
步骤(2),将酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体混合,超声下搅拌反应,抽滤,烘干,研磨,过筛,得到氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料,所述的酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1~9:1。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述的钠基蒙脱土的阳离子交换容量为80~110mmol/100g,更优选为90mmol/100g。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述的HCl的浓度为1mol/L。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述的氧化石墨烯胶体中,氧化石墨烯的质量浓度为2.65%。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述的搅拌反应时间为20~24h。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述的酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1.5~4:1,更优选为7:3。
本发明还提供上述制备方法制得的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料。
进一步地,本发明提供上述氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料在重金属和有机污染物吸附中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
(1)本发明方法工艺简单、价格低廉,并且对环境友好;
(2)本发明制得的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的比表面积大,高达631m2·g-1,吸附效果好,可达96.2mg/g,同时本发明的复合材料不仅结合氧化石墨烯和钠基蒙脱土单方面的优点也克服了氧化石墨烯在使用过程中的团聚问题;
(3)本发明方法制得的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料,不仅对水体中的重金属离子有吸附效果而且对有机污染物(布洛芬)也有很好的吸附效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的制备流程示意图。
图2为本发明制备的氧化石墨烯的电镜图。
图3为本发明制备的无机改性钠基蒙脱土的电镜图。
图4为本发明制备的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料的XRD图。
图5为本发明制备的不同混合比例的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料吸附效果图。
图6为本发明制备的不同pH溶液对氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料吸附效果图。
图7为本发明制备的布洛芬溶液的标准曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
不同复合比例的氧化石墨烯和蒙脱土对Pb2+吸附性能的影响
(1)氧化石墨烯胶体的制备
预氧化:冰水浴条件下,在三颈烧瓶中加入30mL浓硫酸、10g P2O5、10g K2S2O8。在水浴条件下加入20g天然鳞片石墨持续搅拌反应6h,冷却至室温再进行抽滤,同时用去离子水多次洗涤滤饼。
氧化:冰水浴条件下,在三颈烧瓶中加入500mL浓硫酸和40g KMnO4,混合后升温搅拌反应2h,再加入200mL去离子水。然后加入适量H2O2直至产物变为金黄色。静置后取沉淀干燥12h。取氧化石墨烯固体加入水中超声3h可得氧化石墨烯胶体。
通过XPS测试分析氧化石墨烯中C、O、Mn、P、Cl、S等元素,测试结果表明Cl和Mn两种元素的含量均在0.2%以下。即样品中杂质元素含量控制在合理范围内。图2为氧化石墨烯的电镜图,可以看出它接近透明并且还有褶皱形貌。
(2)蒙脱土的无机改性
称取4g钠基蒙脱土于250mL烧杯中,加入200mL去离子水再加入1mol/L HCl调节溶液pH为中性,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌12h。所得产物为酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土。钠基蒙脱土经过酸改性后更有利于其吸附效果的发挥。
图3为无机改性钠基蒙脱土的电镜照片,从图中可以看到具有典型层状、堆垛结构的钠基蒙脱土颗粒,并且表面分布着很多褶皱和空穴。褶皱和空穴可作为吸附位点,为钠基蒙脱土吸附重金属离子和有机污染物提供了可能。
(3)氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料的制备
以酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体为原料,取量Mt:GO为1:9,2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3,8:2,9:1不同复合比例进行实验。按照不同比例复合后加入去离子水,在超声的条件下搅拌反应12h。将得到的产物经过抽滤,烘干滤饼,干燥后将其研磨粉碎并过200目筛,得到经氧化石墨烯改性的蒙脱土复合吸附材料。
图4为氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料的XRD表征图。该图清楚地反映出经氧化石墨烯改性后蒙脱土结构和层间距的变化。蒙脱土层间距的改变就为吸附重金属离子和有机物创造了有利条件。
(4)复合材料对Pb2+吸附能力测试
对300mg/L的Pb2+进行吸附实验,用原子吸收分光光度计测量溶液中剩余Pb2+的浓度。取量Mt:GO为1:9,2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3,8:2,9:1不同复合比例进行实验。不同复合比例的氧化石墨烯和蒙脱土对Pb2+吸附效果如图5所示。从图中可以看出,1:9,2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5的复合比例吸附效果较好,可以达到80%以上,并且7:3(Mt:GO)的复合比例吸附效果最佳,达到90%以上。
实施例2
溶液pH对氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料吸附性能的影响
将酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体以质量比为7:3(Mt:GO)复合,称取0.2g的复合材料置于不同pH的Pb2+溶液中。
测试不同pH环境下对Pb2+吸附效果,结果如图6所示,可以看出当溶液pH接近中性时吸附效果最佳。
实施例3
氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料对有机物(布洛芬)的吸附性能测试
对10mg/L的布洛芬水溶液进行吸附实验,具体步骤如下:将以酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体为原料,按照质量比为7:3(Mt:GO)的比例复合。
称取0.2g的复合材料与100mL 10mg/L的布洛芬水溶液混合后在磁力搅拌器上反应2h,离心后取上层清液5mL。用紫外分光光度计在220nm的波长下测量吸光度(布洛芬溶液的标准曲线如图7所示),计算出剩余布洛芬的浓度。结果表明,氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合材料对布洛芬的去除率为73.57%。

Claims (10)

1.氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
步骤(1),将钠基蒙脱土分散在水中,加入HCl调节pH至中性,搅拌反应,得到酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土;
步骤(2),将酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯胶体混合,超声下搅拌反应,抽滤,烘干,研磨,过筛,得到氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料,所述的酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1~9:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的钠基蒙脱土的阳离子交换容量为80~110mmol/100g 。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的钠基蒙脱土的阳离子交换容量为90mmol/100g,所述的HCl的浓度为1mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的氧化石墨烯胶体中,氧化石墨烯的质量浓度为2.65%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的搅拌反应时间为20~24h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1.5~4:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的酸改性后的钠基蒙脱土和氧化石墨烯的质量比为7:3。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一所述的制备方法制得的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的氧化石墨烯改性蒙脱土复合吸附材料在重金属和有机污染物吸附中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的重金属为铅,有机污染物为布洛芬。
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CN110496593A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-26 南京理工大学 层状石墨相氮化碳/蒙脱土复合材料及其制备方法和应用
CN112029284A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-04 安徽大学 一种氧化石墨烯助分散蒙脱土改性聚硫橡胶及其制备方法
CN112076727A (zh) * 2020-08-21 2020-12-15 温州大学 一种重金属污染修复剂及制备方法
CN112076753A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-15 黎云 一种印染废水用处理剂及其制备方法

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