CN110491533A - A kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system - Google Patents
A kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110491533A CN110491533A CN201910856426.XA CN201910856426A CN110491533A CN 110491533 A CN110491533 A CN 110491533A CN 201910856426 A CN201910856426 A CN 201910856426A CN 110491533 A CN110491533 A CN 110491533A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/257—Promoting flow of the coolant using heat-pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/02—Reactor and engine structurally combined, e.g. portable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/085—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators with conducting liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation systems, comprising: reactor core, the reactor core include internal layer reactor core and outer layer reactor core, and the inside of the outer layer reactor core is arranged in the internal layer reactor core, and the outside of the outer layer reactor core is provided with reflecting layer；Heat pipe, multiple heat pipes are set to the inside of the internal layer reactor core, are provided with preheater and heat exchanger on the heat pipe；Preionization module, the preionization module are connect with the outer layer reactor core；Electricity generation module, the electricity generation module and the preionization module are electrically connected；The present invention realizes the compactedness of reactor core, and improves core exit temperature using air cooled reactor feature, and exit helium xenon working medium is allowed to reach nonequilibrium ionization state by preionization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear reactor field of engineering technology, more particularly to a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core power generation system
System.
Background technique
With deep space, the continuous development of deep-sea exploration technology, the energy and power supply problem constrain related fields into
The development of one step.There are various defects with power supply means for traditional energy, can not carry out work in the special environments such as deep space, deep-sea
Cheng Yingyong, and the advantages such as nuclear reactor energy power system is not affected by environment by itself, power is big, the phase in longevity is long become deep
Ideal reliable energy supply means in empty, deep-sea exploration task.It is therefore proposed that small-sized, the micro reactor energy of compact efficient
The design of driving source system is most important to the deep development of deep space, deep-sea exploration technology.
Magnetohydrodynamic generator is to be produced electricl energy by the conductive fluid of flowing with magnetic field interaction.Magnetohydrodynamic generator is quiet
The highest mode of efficiency in state heat to electricity conversion, while it does not have moving component, compact-sized, size and quality smaller, in special type
Energy supply in environment has a good application prospect.However, in order to guarantee that working medium can be ionized into conductive ion stream, magnetic
Fluid power-generation needs working medium entrances temperature to reach 2000K or more, this proposes very big choose to the material of the other structures such as reactor
War.
Heat pipe realizes heat transfer by internal working medium phase transformation and continuous circulation, and heat transfer efficiency is high, the pressure loss is small, safety
Reliably and it is capable of increasing reactor core heat exchange area, has been widely used in nuclear reactor for space design.But it is constrained to
The hot physical property of heat-pipe working medium, reactor outlet temperature are difficult to reach magnetohydrodynamic generator required temperature.
Equally it is widely used in the design studies of space heap using helium xenon as the gas-cooled reactor of working medium, safety can
It leans on, core exit temperature height, combining with enclosed Bretton energy conversion system may be implemented higher conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.So
And the poor thermal conductivity of gas causes reactor core design to need bigger size, this is unsatisfactory for small-sized, micro reactor system
The high requirement united to dimension and weight.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of electricity generation system for being able to solve the above problem is those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve
Problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, being used the present invention provides a kind of cooling reactor core electricity generation system of the bilayer for being able to solve the above problem
Lithium heat pipe and helium xenon mixed working fluid are cooling to reactor core bilayer, have not only reduced reactor core size, but realize higher core exit temperature with
Meet magnetohydrodynamic generator equipment operation demand, total system is compact-sized, power generation is efficient, arranged direction is flexible, may be implemented in depth
The application of the special environments such as sky, deep-sea.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system, comprising:
Reactor core, the reactor core include internal layer reactor core and outer layer reactor core, and the inside of the outer layer reactor core is arranged in the internal layer reactor core,
The outside of the outer layer reactor core is provided with reflecting layer；
Heat pipe, one end of multiple heat pipes is set to the inside of the internal layer reactor core, and is provided with preheater on the heat pipe
And heat exchanger；
Preionization module, the preionization module and the outer layer reactor core are electrically connected；
Electricity generation module, the electricity generation module and the preionization module are electrically connected.
Have the beneficial effect that setting preionization module can reduce core exit Temperature of Working using above-mentioned apparatus, it can
The superhigh temperature working medium for suitably avoiding magnetohydrodynamic generator from needing is to reactor system and apparatus and process challenge；Preionization equipment can be with
It is interpreted as connection core exit and magnetohydrodynamic generator equipment, the heat exchange area of reactor core is expanded by the way that multiple heat pipes are arranged, is realized
The compactedness of reactor core.
Preferably, further includes: the first control rod, first control rod are set to the inside center of the internal layer reactor core.
It preferably, further include the second control rod, multiple second control rods are set to the inside of the outer layer reactor core.
Preferably, first control rod and second control rod are also connected with driving mechanism.
Preferably, the internal layer reactor core and the outer layer reactor core packing material are UO2, and UO2Disperse in graphite matrix into
Row filling.
Preferably, further includes: be enclosed with reflecting layer around the outer layer reactor core, for increasing neutron utilization rate, reduce
Neutron leakage.
Preferably, further includes: the outside in the reflecting layer is provided with first screen layer, and first screen layer carries out just reactor core
Grade radioactive shield reduces radiation of the reactor core to equipment in electricity generation system.
Preferably, further includes: regenerator and cooler, one end of the regenerator is connect with the electricity generation module, described
The other end of regenerator is connect by pipeline with the cooler.
Preferably, compressor and motor, the compressor are connect with the motor, and the compressor passes through pipeline
It is connect with the regenerator.
Preferably, the outside of the double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system is provided with secondary shielding layer, secondary shielding layer package
The outside of entire reactor electricity generation system, realizes secondary shield.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that having as follows the invention discloses a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system
The utility model has the advantages that
1, reactor core heat exchange area both is expanded using hot pipe technique, realizes the compactedness of reactor core；It is mentioned again using air cooled reactor feature
High core exit temperature, allows exit helium xenon working medium to reach nonequilibrium ionization state by preionization.
2, core temperature is reduced using preionization technique, is conducive to Project Realization；Disc type magnetic fluid generating technology is used simultaneously
It realizes electricity generation system size, quality small, meets deep-sea, deep space application requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 attached drawing is a kind of overall structure figure of the double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 attached drawing is a kind of reactor core overall structure figure of the double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 attached drawing is the schematic illustration of energy distribution system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to figure 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation systems, comprising:
Reactor core 1, reactor core 1 include internal layer reactor core 101 and outer layer reactor core 102, and internal layer reactor core 101 is arranged in outer layer heap core 102
Portion, the outside of outer layer reactor core 102 are provided with reflecting layer 103；
One end of heat pipe 2, multiple heat pipes 2 is set to the inside of internal layer reactor core 101, and preheating is provided on the other end of heat pipe 2
Device 3 and heat exchanger 4；
Preionization module 5, preionization module 5 and outer layer reactor core 102 are electrically connected；
Electricity generation module 6, electricity generation module 6 and preionization module 5 are electrically connected.
In a specific embodiment, heat pipe 2 includes evaporator section and condensation segment, and evaporator section is set to internal layer reactor core 101
Inside, condensation segment connect with preheater 3 and heat exchanger 4.
In a specific embodiment, the side such as microwave, electron beam, helicon, radio frequency system can be used in preionization module 5
Method makes helium xenon working medium can reach nonequilibrium ionization state in core exit temperature 1800K, reduces conventional magnetic fluid power generation
Generating working medium temperature needed for circulation reduces the high temperature resistant requirement in engineering-built to material.
Specifically, electricity generation module 6 can use disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, and the electromagnetism by being placed in disk upper and lower surface
Coil provides magnetic field, and heat pipe can be lithium heat pipe,
Specifically, preheater 3 can be helium xenon working medium preheater, the helium xenon working medium after backheat enters preheater, in preheater
For heat pipe for the heating of helium xenon working medium, the helium xenon working medium after preheating enters outer layer reactor core reheating and eventually off reactor core.
Specifically, heat exchanger 4 can be passive residual heat removal heat exchanger, do not run under normal circumstances, when accident conditions,
The cooling reactor core ability decline of helium xenon working medium, the extra heat needs of reactor core are brought into passive residual heat removal heat exchanger 4 by heat pipe
Dissipate, in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger the working medium of cooling heat pipe can be any one of water, air or any two.
In a specific embodiment, hexagon internal layer reactor core is cooling by lithium heat pipe 2, and heat is brought into above reactor core
Helium xenon preheater in preheated for the helium xenon mixed working fluid of cooling trapezoidal outer layer reactor core；The helium xenon working medium for completing preheating enters
Outer layer reactor core carries out reheating, and takes heat out of reactor core and carry out heat to electricity conversion.
Specifically, internal layer reactor core 101 can use hexagonal structure, outer layer reactor core 102 can use trapezium structure；Heat pipe
Lithium metal can be used in 2 internal working mediums, and preheater 3 is helium xenon preheater, and reflecting layer 103 is in radial and axial package outer layer reactor core
102；Heat pipe 2 brings the heat of internal layer reactor core 101 in helium xenon preheater 3 into, carries out to the mixed working fluid of cooling outer layer reactor core 102
Preheating；Ectonexine heap core matrix is graphite matrix, and ectonexine graphite matrix is put into stainless steel sleeve, is using stainless steel sleeve
It is integrally connected, couples each submodule.
In a specific embodiment, further includes: the first control rod 7, the first control rod 7 are set to internal layer reactor core 101
Inside center.
In a specific embodiment, further includes: the second control rod 8, multiple second control rods 8 are set to outer layer reactor core
102 inside.
In a specific embodiment, the first control rod 7 and the second control rod 8 are also connected with driving mechanism 9.
Specifically, in transport, installing and being fully inserted into reactor core before opening heap to avoid the generation of criticality accident；When described anti-
When shut-down system being answered to operate normally, the first control rod is fully drawn out；When reactor needs shutdown, the first control rod and the second control
Stick (or relying on gravity) can fall under control rod drive mechanism driving, realize that reactor core is subcritical with reactor of closing down, drive herein
Motivation structure 9 is the prior art.
In a specific embodiment, the material of the first control rod 7 and the second control rod 8 can for boron, boron carbide,
Any one of cadmium, silver-colored indium cadmium, can be preferably B4C。
Specifically, the length of the first control rod 7 and the second control rod 8 is identical, the diameter of the first control rod 7 is the second control
2 times of stick 8, to possess the reactor sudden closure under stronger neutron absorption capability realization special operation condition.
In a specific embodiment, internal layer reactor core 101 and 102 packing material of outer layer reactor core are UO2, and UO2Disperse exists
In graphite matrix.
In a specific embodiment, further includes: the outside in reflecting layer 103 is provided with first screen layer 10.
In a specific embodiment, further includes: regenerator 12 and cooler 13, one end of regenerator 12 and power generation mould
Block 6 connects, and the other end of regenerator 12 is connect by pipeline with cooler 13.
In a specific embodiment, further includes: compressor 14 and motor 15, compressor 14 and motor 15 connect
It connects, and compressor 14 is connect by pipeline with regenerator 12, motor drives compressor to complete compressed action.
It is tentatively cooled down specifically, the working medium that electricity generation module 6 exports enters regenerator, subsequently enters cooler and be thoroughly cooled to
Suction port of compressor required temperature, working medium exits into regenerator after being compressed into high temperature and pressure within the compressor, in regenerator
In the preheating of working medium that is exported by generating equipment before, and finally return that reactor core, wherein working medium is helium xenon mixed working fluid.
Specifically, system, which is provided with two compressors and cooler, can satisfy structural compactness using two-stage compression
System conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is improved simultaneously.
In a specific embodiment, the outside of the double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system is provided with secondary shielding layer 16.
Specifically, when electricity generation module 6 is using disc type Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator, preionization module 5, electricity generation module 6, regenerator
12, compressor 14, cooler 13 and motor 15 constitute magnetic fluid enclosed Bretton energy conversion system, i.e., have two in system
Magnetic fluid enclosed Bretton energy conversion system is covered, when wherein a set of Closed Brayton Power Cycle system failure, another set of energy turn
The system of changing can continue to run power generation, improve reactor system safety.
In a specific embodiment, referring to shown in attached drawing 3, further including energy distribution system, by the electric energy of output point
It Fen Pei not be for preionization power supply, motor and electric power output.
Specifically, system integrally uses two cascade screens to carry out radioactivity containing, wherein first screen layer 10 includes mutually being connected
The radial shielded layer and axial shield layer connect, first screen layer 10 are located at core reflector periphery and carry out primary radiation shielding,
The equipment in energy conversion system is avoided to be radiated by overdose；Secondary shielding layer 16 can also be referred to as containment, wrap up whole
A reactor electricity generation system realizes secondary shield, avoids whole electricity generation system to extraneous radioactive pollution.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows: helium xenon combination cooling working medium initially enters reactor core top helium xenon preheater in reactor core
The heat in the heat pipe 2 heated by internal layer reactor core is absorbed in 3, helium xenon combination cooling working medium enters outer layer reactor core stream after completing preheating
The external layer Core cooling in road, the eventually off reactor core of helium xenon mixed working fluid after reheating.Wherein, the production of ectonexine reactor core heat
Life is that fuel fission generates.
Magnetic fluid enclosed Bretton energy conversion system is entered by the helium xenon working medium of reactor core reheating, working medium passes through pre- electricity
It generates electricity from electricity generation module is entered after equipment, gas working medium enters compression after regenerator and cooler 17 carry out cooling after power generation
Machine complete compression heating, finally by finally returned that after regenerator backheat reactor core top helium xenon heat exchanger complete circulation.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system characterized by comprising
Reactor core (1), the reactor core (1) include internal layer reactor core (101) and outer layer reactor core (102), internal layer reactor core (101) setting
The outside of the inside of the outer layer reactor core (102), the outer layer reactor core (102) is provided with reflecting layer (103)；
Heat pipe (2), multiple heat pipes (2) are set to the inside of the internal layer reactor core (101), are provided on the heat pipe (2)
Preheater (3) and heat exchanger (4)；
Preionization module (5), the preionization module (5) connect with the outer layer reactor core (102)；
Electricity generation module (6), the electricity generation module (6) and the preionization module (5) are electrically connected.
2. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: the first control
Stick (7), first control rod (7) are set to the inside center of the internal layer reactor core (101).
3. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: the second control
Stick (8), multiple second control rods (8) are set to the inside of the outer layer reactor core (102).
4. according to a kind of described in any item double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation systems of claim 2-3, which is characterized in that described first
Control rod (7) and second control rod (8) are respectively connected with driving mechanism (9).
5. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the internal layer
Reactor core (101) and outer layer reactor core (102) packing material are UO2。
6. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reflecting layer (103)
Outside be provided with first screen layer (10).
7. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: regenerator
(12) and cooler (13), one end of the regenerator (12) are connect with the electricity generation module (6), the regenerator (12) it is another
One end is connect by pipeline with the cooler (13).
8. a kind of double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: compressor
(14) and motor (15), the compressor (14) connect with the motor (15), and the compressor (14) passes through pipeline
It is connect with the regenerator (12).
9. according to a kind of described in any item double-deck cooling reactor core electricity generation systems of claim 7-8, which is characterized in that the bilayer
The outside of cooling reactor core electricity generation system is provided with secondary shielding layer (16).
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| CN110491533A true CN110491533A (en) | 2019-11-22 |
| CN110491533B CN110491533B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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| US11769600B2 (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2023-09-26 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Heat transfer module |
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| CN110491533B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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