CN112885494A - Reactor power supply system based on star-type Stirling engine - Google Patents
Reactor power supply system based on star-type Stirling engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112885494A CN112885494A CN202110105279.XA CN202110105279A CN112885494A CN 112885494 A CN112885494 A CN 112885494A CN 202110105279 A CN202110105279 A CN 202110105279A CN 112885494 A CN112885494 A CN 112885494A
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/02—Reactor and engine structurally combined, e.g. portable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
- F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor power supply system based on a star-type Stirling engine, which belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering and comprises a conical protection container, a reactor system and a thermoelectric conversion device, wherein the conical protection container is a conical closed shell, the reactor system and the thermoelectric conversion device are arranged in the conical protection container, the reactor system is fixedly connected to the tip end of the conical protection container through a supporting structure, and the thermoelectric conversion device is arranged at the bottom end of the conical protection container; a radiation shielding device is arranged between the reactor system and the thermoelectric conversion device; the thermoelectric conversion device comprises a heat conduction heat pipe, a star-shaped Stirling engine, a transmission mechanism and a generator; the heat conduction heat pipe is divided into a first evaporation section, a first heat insulation section and a first condensation section; the star-type Stirling engine drives the generator to generate electricity through the transmission mechanism. The reactor power supply system provided by the invention can meet the marine work requirement with a period of several years, and provides certain guidance for the research and development and arrangement of a nuclear power system of small nuclear power equipment under marine conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering, and particularly relates to a reactor power supply system based on a star-type Stirling engine.
Background
The ocean territorial area of China is about 300 ten thousand square kilometers, and ocean not only contains abundant resources, but also has very important strategic significance. Due to the particularity of ocean conditions, whether the resource exploration and development equipment in deep and far seas or military power systems on the seas, long endurance needs to be guaranteed, the endurance of a conventional power system is limited, and nuclear energy has the advantages of large energy density, long service life, high specific power and the like, so that the endurance of the power system can be greatly improved, and the nuclear energy is an ideal energy source for deep sea and deep space exploration.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reactor power system that can meet the demand for marine operation for periods as long as several years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a reactor power supply system capable of meeting the marine work requirement with a period of several years, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a reactor power supply system based on a star Stirling engine comprises a conical protection container which is a conical closed shell, and a reactor system and a thermoelectric conversion device which are arranged in the conical protection container, wherein the reactor system is fixedly connected to the tip end of the conical protection container through a supporting structure, and the thermoelectric conversion device is arranged at the bottom end of the conical protection container; a radiation shielding device is arranged between the reactor system and the thermoelectric conversion device;
the thermoelectric conversion device comprises a heat conduction heat pipe, a star-shaped Stirling engine, a transmission mechanism and a generator;
the heat conduction heat pipe is divided into a first evaporation section, a first heat insulation section and a first condensation section, wherein the part of the heat conduction heat pipe inserted into the reactor system is the first evaporation section, the part of the heat conduction heat pipe positioned in the heating cavity of the star-type Stirling engine is the first condensation section, and the part between the first evaporation section and the first condensation section is the first heat insulation section;
the star-type Stirling engine drives the generator to generate electric power through the transmission mechanism.
Further, the reactor system includes a pressure vessel and a core disposed within the pressure vessel; a control drum is arranged on the outer side of the reactor core; a radial reflecting layer and an axial reflecting layer are arranged between the control drum and the pressure-resistant container; the pressure-resistant container is fixedly connected with the tip of the conical protective container through a supporting structure.
Further, a first evaporator end of the heat-conducting heat pipe is inserted within the core.
Further, the cone-shaped protective vessel comprises a vessel roof and a vessel body, wherein the vessel roof is positioned at one side of the reactor system; the container top cover is hermetically connected with the container body.
Further, the support structure comprises an axial support and a circumferential support, and the pressure-resistant container is fixedly connected to the opening side of the container body through the axial support; the pressure container is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the container body through the circumferential support.
The cooling system further comprises a heat-radiating heat pipe, wherein the heat-radiating heat pipe is divided into a second evaporation section, a second condensation section and a second heat insulation section, and the connection part of the heat-radiating heat pipe and the cooling cavity of the star-type Stirling engine is the second evaporation section and is used for absorbing the heat of the cooling cavity of the star-type Stirling engine; the heat-radiating heat pipe is positioned in the conical surface of the container body and is divided into a second condensation section for transferring heat to the conical surface of the container body; the second adiabatic section is arranged between the second evaporation section and the second condensation section; wherein a portion of the second insulating section is disposed within an end face of the container body.
Furthermore, the heat transfer working medium of the heat conduction heat pipe is metal lithium, the heat transfer working medium of the heat dissipation heat pipe is metal sodium, and the operation working medium of the star-type Stirling engine is helium.
Further, the radiation shielding device comprises a lithium hydride shielding layer and a metal tungsten shielding layer which are arranged up and down, wherein the lithium hydride shielding layer is positioned on one side of the reactor system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the reactor power supply system provided by the invention can meet the marine work requirement with a period of several years, and can provide certain guidance for research and development and arrangement of a nuclear power system of small nuclear power equipment under marine conditions.
2. The invention adopts the control drum to control the reactivity of the reactor, heat transfer of the heat pipe and the star-shaped Stirling engine to convert heat energy into mechanical energy, so that the system has higher efficiency, more compact structure and improved inherent safety.
3. The invention drives the seawater and the conical surface to exchange heat through forced convection by the dynamic pressure generated by the relative motion of the advancing power supply system and the seawater, the heat exchange quantity can be automatically adjusted along with the power change, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structural arrangement of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a reactor system; 101. a core; 102. a control drum; 103. a radially reflective layer; 104. an axial reflective layer; 105. a pressure resistant vessel; 2. a thermoelectric conversion device; 201. a heat conducting heat pipe; 202. a starburst stirling engine; 203. a transmission mechanism; 204. a generator; 3. a radiation shielding device; 301. a lithium hydride shielding layer; 302. a metallic tungsten shield layer; 4. a heat-dissipating heat pipe; 5. a support structure; 501. axial support; 502. circumferential support; 6. a conical protective container; 601. a container top cover; 602. a container body.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A reactor power supply system (as shown in figure 1) based on a star Stirling engine comprises a conical protective container 6 which is a conical closed shell, and a reactor system 1 and a thermoelectric conversion device 2 which are arranged inside the conical protective container 6, wherein the reactor system 1 is fixedly connected to the tip end of the conical protective container 6 through a supporting structure 5, and the thermoelectric conversion device 2 is arranged at the bottom end of the conical protective container 6; a radiation shield 3 is provided between the reactor system 1 and the thermoelectric conversion device 2.
The thermoelectric conversion device 2 comprises a heat conduction heat pipe 201, a star-type Stirling engine 202, a transmission mechanism 203 and a generator 204;
in the present embodiment, the heat-conducting heat pipe 201 is used to transfer heat generated by the reactor system 1 to the stirling engine 202; the heat conduction heat pipe 201 is divided into a first evaporation section, a first heat insulation section and a first condensation section, wherein the part of the heat conduction heat pipe 201 inserted into the reactor system 1 is the first evaporation section and is used for absorbing heat generated by the reactor system 1; the part positioned in the heating cavity of the Stirling engine 202 is a first condensation section and is used for releasing heat to the heating cavity of the Stirling engine 202; the part between the first evaporation section and the first condensation section is a first heat insulation section.
The stirling engine 202 drives the generator 204 through the gear train 203 to generate electricity.
In the embodiment, the operating working medium of the star-type stirling engine 202 is helium, the helium undergoes thermal expansion in the heating cavity and is cooled and contracted in the cooling cavity, and the periodic expansion and contraction of the helium drives the transmission mechanism to convert heat energy into mechanical energy through the piston.
In the present embodiment, the reactor system 1 includes a pressure vessel 105 and a core 101 disposed within the pressure vessel 105. A control drum 102 is arranged outside the reactor core 101; a radial reflection layer 103 and an axial reflection layer 104 are provided between the control drum 102 and the pressure-resistant vessel 105; the pressure-resistant vessel 105 is fixedly attached to the tip of the conical protective vessel 6 via the support structure 5.
Wherein the first evaporation section of the heat-conducting heat pipe 201 is inserted in the core 101.
The tapered protective vessel 6 comprises a vessel top cover 601 and a vessel body 602, wherein the vessel top cover 601 is positioned at one side of the reactor system 1; the container top 601 is hermetically connected to the container body 602.
The support structure 5 includes an axial support 501 and a circumferential support 502, and the pressure-resistant container 105 is fixedly connected to the opening side of the container body 602 by the axial support 501; the pressure vessel 105 is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the vessel body 602 by the circumferential support 502.
The reactor power supply system based on the star-type Stirling engine further comprises a heat-radiating heat pipe 4, wherein the heat-radiating heat pipe 4 is divided into a second evaporation section, a second condensation section and a second heat insulation section, and a cooling cavity connecting part of the heat-radiating heat pipe 4 and the star-type Stirling engine 202 is the second evaporation section and is used for absorbing heat of a cooling cavity of the star-type Stirling engine 202; the heat-dissipating heat pipe 4 is located inside the conical surface of the container body 602 and is divided into a second condensation section for transferring heat to the conical surface of the container body 602; a second heat insulation section is arranged between the second evaporation section and the second condensation section; wherein a portion of the second insulating segment is disposed within an end face of the container body 602.
In this embodiment, the heat transfer working medium of the heat conduction heat pipe 201 is metal lithium, the heat transfer working medium of the heat dissipation heat pipe 4 is metal sodium, and the operation working medium of the star-type stirling engine 202 is helium.
The working temperature range of the heat conduction heat pipe 201 is 1200-1600K, heat transfer working medium metal lithium is evaporated after absorbing heat released by core fission in the reactor core in the evaporation section to form lithium steam, the lithium steam flows to the first condensation section from the evaporation section through the first heat insulation section in the steam cavity of the heat conduction heat pipe 201, the lithium steam is condensed in the first condensation section to release heat, and the heat is transferred to the working medium helium of the star-type Stirling engine 202.
The working temperature range of the heat dissipation heat pipe 4 is 900-1200K, the heat of the heat transfer working medium metal sodium in the cooling cavity of the star-type Stirling engine 202 is absorbed and evaporated at the evaporation section to form sodium vapor, the vapor flows to the second condensation section from the second evaporation section through the second heat insulation section in the vapor cavity of the heat dissipation heat pipe 4, the heat is transferred to the conical surface of the container body 602 in the second condensation section of the heat dissipation heat pipe 4, and the heat is transferred to the seawater through forced convection heat transfer between the seawater and the conical surface.
In the present embodiment, the radiation shielding device 3 includes a lithium hydride shielding layer 301 and a metal tungsten shielding layer 302 disposed above and below, and the lithium hydride shielding layer 301 is located on one side of the reactor system 1.
The radiation shield 3 is made of two materials, i.e., a lithium hydride shield layer 301 and a metal tungsten shield layer 302, which are made of lithium hydride and metal tungsten, respectively. The lithium hydride shielding layer 301 is used for absorbing neutrons, so that the system is protected from neutron irradiation; the metal tungsten shielding layer 302 is used for absorbing gamma rays and protecting the system from the influence of gamma irradiation.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
the nuclear fuel in the reactor core 101 undergoes fission reaction to release a large amount of heat energy, the evaporation section of the heat conduction heat pipe 201 is heated, the heat energy is transferred from the evaporation section to the condensation section through the heat insulation section through lithium vapor, and the condensed lithium metal flows back to the evaporation section under the capillary action; the heat released by condensation is used for heating the working medium helium of the Stirling cycle in the heating cavity of the Stirling engine 202, and the temperature of the hot end of the Stirling cycle is kept constant. The evaporation section of the heat dissipation heat pipe 4 absorbs the heat of the cooling cavity of the Stirling engine 202 and maintains the temperature of the cold end of the Stirling cycle constant.
The periodic expansion and contraction of the helium working medium drives the transmission mechanism 203 to convert the heat energy into mechanical energy through the piston, and the transmission mechanism 203 drives the generator 204 to generate electricity.
The condensation section of the heat-dissipating heat pipe 4 is located in the conical surface of the container body 602, and transfers heat to the conical surface. The dynamic pressure generated by the relative motion of the power supply system and the seawater when the power supply system moves forward drives the seawater and the conical surface to perform forced convection heat exchange, the heat exchange quantity can be automatically adjusted along with the power change, and the reliability of the system is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reactor power supply system based on a star Stirling engine is characterized by comprising a conical protective container (6) which is a conical closed shell, and a reactor system (1) and a thermoelectric conversion device (2) which are arranged in the conical protective container (6), wherein the reactor system (1) is fixedly connected to the tip end of the conical protective container (6) through a supporting structure (5), and the thermoelectric conversion device (2) is arranged at the bottom end of the conical protective container (6); a radiation shielding device (3) is arranged between the reactor system (1) and the thermoelectric conversion device (2);
the thermoelectric conversion device (2) comprises a heat conduction heat pipe (201), a star-type Stirling engine (202), a transmission mechanism (203) and a generator (204);
the heat conduction heat pipe (201) is divided into a first evaporation section, a first heat insulation section and a first condensation section, wherein the part of the heat conduction heat pipe (201) inserted into the reactor system (1) is the first evaporation section, the part of the heat conduction heat pipe positioned in a heating cavity of the star-type Stirling engine (202) is the first condensation section, and the part between the first evaporation section and the first condensation section is the first heat insulation section;
the star-type Stirling engine (202) drives the generator (204) to generate electric power through the transmission mechanism (203).
2. A star-stirling-engine-based reactor power system according to claim 1, wherein the reactor system (1) comprises a pressure vessel (105) and a core (101) disposed within the pressure vessel (105); a control drum (102) is arranged outside the reactor core (101); a radial reflection layer (103) and an axial reflection layer (104) are arranged between the control drum (102) and the pressure vessel (105); the pressure vessel (105) is fixedly connected with the tip of the conical protective vessel (6) through a supporting structure (5).
3. A stirling engine-based reactor power system according to claim 2, wherein the first evaporator section of the heat-conducting heat pipe (201) is inserted within the core (101).
4. A star-stirling-engine-based reactor power system according to claim 3, wherein the conical protective vessel (6) comprises a vessel top cover (601) and a vessel body (602), the vessel top cover (601) being located at one side of the reactor system (1); the container top cover (601) is hermetically connected with the container body (602).
5. A star-Stirling engine based reactor power system according to claim 4, wherein the support structure (5) comprises an axial support (501) and a circumferential support (502), the pressure resistant vessel (105) being fixedly connected to the open side of the vessel body (602) through the axial support (501); the pressure vessel (105) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vessel body (602) through the circumferential support (502).
6. The stirling engine starburst-based reactor power supply system according to claim 4, further comprising a heat-dissipating heat pipe (4), wherein the heat-dissipating heat pipe (4) is divided into a second evaporation section, a second condensation section and a second heat insulation section, and the heat-dissipating heat pipe (4) is connected with the cooling cavity of the stirling engine starburst (202) to form the second evaporation section for absorbing heat of the cooling cavity of the stirling engine starburst (202); the heat-radiating heat pipe (4) is positioned inside the conical surface of the container body (602) and is divided into a second condensation section for transferring heat to the conical surface of the container body (602); the second adiabatic section is arranged between the second evaporation section and the second condensation section; wherein a portion of the second insulating section is disposed within an end face of the container body (602).
7. The star-type Stirling engine-based reactor power supply system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer working medium of the heat conduction heat pipe (201) is metal lithium, the heat transfer working medium of the heat dissipation heat pipe (4) is metal sodium, and the operation working medium of the star-type Stirling engine (202) is helium.
8. A stirling engine-based reactor power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the radiation shield (3) comprises a lithium hydride shield (301) and a metal tungsten shield (302) arranged one above the other, the lithium hydride shield (301) being located on one side of the reactor system (1).
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| CN202110105279.XA CN112885494B (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | Reactor power supply system based on star-type Stirling engine |
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| CN202110105279.XA CN112885494B (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | Reactor power supply system based on star-type Stirling engine |
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| CN112885494B CN112885494B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114121315A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Heat management system for cooling reactor by pulsating heat pipe |
| CN115206569A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nuclear reactor dual-mode energy conversion system for underwater unmanned vehicle |
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