CN112216407A - High temperature gas cooled reactor and system - Google Patents
High temperature gas cooled reactor and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112216407A CN112216407A CN202011226622.8A CN202011226622A CN112216407A CN 112216407 A CN112216407 A CN 112216407A CN 202011226622 A CN202011226622 A CN 202011226622A CN 112216407 A CN112216407 A CN 112216407A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/08—Casings; Jackets provided with external means to promote heat-transfer, e.g. fins, baffles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
A high-temperature gas cooled reactor and a system thereof relate to the technical field of high-temperature gas cooled reactors, and can effectively avoid dust generated when fuel balls flow, effectively reduce the probability of helium leakage, and improve the operation reliability and maintainability of a helium fan. The high-temperature gas cooled reactor comprises a reactor container and a micro-channel heat exchanger container communicated with the reactor container; the reactor vessel comprises a shell and a reactor core arranged in the shell; the core includes: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, wherein the fuel cartridges adopt a regular tetrahedron structure, a regular quadrilateral prism structure or a regular hexagon prism structure, and the fuel elements adopt TRISO coated granular fuel; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes; a micro-channel heat exchanger core body is arranged in the micro-channel heat exchanger container; the micro-channel heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of plate bodies which are connected together, circulation grooves for circulating heat-carrying working media are formed in the plate bodies, and the circulation grooves of adjacent plates are respectively internally circulated with primary side heat-carrying working media and secondary side heat-carrying working media.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature gas cooled reactors, in particular to a high-temperature gas cooled reactor and a system.
Background
The high-temperature gas cooled reactor adopts coated granular fuel and takes graphite as a moderator. The outlet temperature of the reactor core can reach 850-1000 ℃, even higher; the nuclear fuel generally adopts high-concentration uranium dioxide, and also adopts low-concentration uranium dioxide; the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is a ball-separating bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor according to the shape of a reactor core.
Specifically, in the prior art, once the fuel spheres are put into the core, the residence time and moving route of the fuel spheres in the core are completely out of control of people, and the void ratio between adjacent spheres is also completely uncontrollable randomly, so that the calorific value of the fuel spheres and the calorific value of helium derived from the fuel spheres in the area near a certain point in the core are both unpredictable and change along with time; in the pebble bed reactor, there may occur local regions of very high pebble temperature, so-called hot spots, which may lead to a serious contamination of the reactor primary circuit with metallic fission products mixed with graphite dust.
In addition, in the prior art, helium is generally used as the coolant of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor; in particular, the helium gas is stored in a larger volume of tubing. However, the use of the helium/steam cycle may allow water vapor to enter the core, thereby causing safety concerns; moreover, the occurrence probability of helium leakage is easily increased due to pipe cracking, and the safety is poor.
Therefore, how to provide a high temperature gas cooled reactor and system, which can effectively avoid the dust pollution generated during the material changing without stopping the reactor, effectively reduce the probability of helium leakage, and improve the reliability and maintainability of the operation of the helium fan has become a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature gas cooled reactor and a system, which can effectively avoid dust pollution generated during non-stop reactor refueling, effectively reduce the probability of helium leakage and improve the operation reliability and maintainability of a helium fan.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a high temperature gas cooled reactor, comprising: a reactor vessel, and a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in communication with the reactor vessel; the reactor vessel includes a housing, and a core disposed within the housing; the core includes: a plurality of fuel elements arranged in a fixed arrangement, or a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, said fixed arrangement comprising a regular tetrahedral arrangement, said fuel cartridges employing a regular quadrangular prism structure or a regular hexagonal prism structure, said fuel elements employing tris so coated particulate fuel; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes; the microchannel heat exchanger container comprises a container shell, and a microchannel heat exchanger core is arranged in the container shell; the micro-channel heat exchanger core is provided with a circulation groove for circulating a heat-carrying working medium; the micro-channel heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of plate bodies which are connected together, grooves used for forming the circulation grooves are formed in the plate bodies, and primary side heat-carrying working media and secondary side heat-carrying working media respectively circulate in the circulation grooves of adjacent plates.
The micro-channel heat exchanger cores are respectively connected with the hot end and the cold end of the primary side main pipeline and the hot end and the cold end of the secondary side main pipeline; the cold end of the primary side main pipeline is connected with a helium fan; and a valve is arranged at the cold end inlet of the secondary main pipeline.
Alternatively, helium can be used as the heat transfer medium.
Optionally, a helium fan may also be disposed within the vessel housing.
Optionally, the plurality of plate bodies are connected by welding.
Optionally, the TRISO-coated particulate fuel may comprise a uranium dioxide core, a thorium dioxide core, a uranium nitride core, or a thorium nitride core.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge has a regular quadrangular prism structure and includes a plurality of fuel element sub-cartridges and/or control rod thimbles; the fuel element sub-box adopts a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and fuel balls of TRISO fuel are loaded in the fuel element sub-box, and the fuel balls contain neutron absorbing materials as burnable poison; the side wall of the fuel element sub-box is provided with a plurality of through holes; the fuel element sub-cartridge is also loaded with graphite nodules.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge further comprises a bundle rod fuel element, wherein the bundle rod fuel element comprises: silicon carbide cladding, and a fuel rod with a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cartridge further comprises a sleeve assembly, the sleeve assembly comprising: a silicon carbide cladding, and a cylindrical fuel element having a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel; the center of the cylindrical fuel element is inserted with a graphite rod or a burnable poison rod which is cladded by silicon carbide, and the burnable poison rod comprises an absorber material which is burnable poison.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge further comprises a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly, the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly comprising: graphite powder is filled in an array consisting of the silicon carbide cladding, the fuel rods taking the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body and the silicon carbide tubes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microchannel heat exchanger is disposed at the bottom of the vessel shell and is connected to the vessel shell through a flange.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a valve is disposed between the microchannel heat exchanger container and the reactor container, and helium is used as a primary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat-carrying working medium at a secondary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container;
and a helium fan is arranged in the container shell and is arranged below the micro-channel heat exchanger.
A high temperature gas cooled reactor system comprising: a high temperature gas cooled reactor as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microchannel heat exchanger vessel is connected to the reactor vessel and the power/steam generation system,
and/or the microchannel heat exchanger vessel is respectively connected with the reactor vessel and the heating system;
the power generation/steam supply system comprises a high-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine, a driving turbine and a heat exchanger which are sequentially communicated, and the driving turbine is communicated with a generator; the other side of the heat exchanger is sequentially communicated with a precooler, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler and a high-pressure compressor, the low-pressure compressor is communicated with the low-pressure turbine, and the high-pressure compressor is communicated with the high-pressure turbine;
the power/steam supply system is connectable to the intercooler to generate steam;
the heating system is connected with the precooler and/or the heating system is connected with the intercooler to provide heating energy;
the precooler and/or the intercooler are/is also used for connecting a heat-carrying working medium for low-temperature power generation to generate power.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the micro-channel heat exchanger container employs helium gas at the primary side, carbon dioxide at the secondary side as a heat-carrying working medium, and carbon dioxide brayton cycle as a power generation cycle; the third side of the micro-channel heat exchanger container is directly connected with a steam generator to generate high-temperature steam, or is connected with the steam generator through a conversion valve of a flow distributor to generate high-temperature steam, and meanwhile, power is generated. The third side of the micro-channel heat exchanger container can also adopt compressed air as a heat-carrying working medium to generate electricity.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cartridge comprises a plurality of fuel elements which are arranged in a fixed arrangement mode or a plurality of fuel cartridges containing the fuel elements, the fuel elements adopt TRISO coated granular fuel, and the fuel cartridges adopt regular tetrahedron structures, regular quadrilateral prism structures or regular hexagonal prism structures, namely, an ordered arrangement mode, so that the reactor core has a compact structure, is convenient for regular refueling, and can be synchronous with a maintenance period, thereby effectively avoiding dust pollution generated during the refueling without stopping the reactor, being convenient for transportation and saving the cost; in addition, the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes, so that the full utilization and the regular replacement of the fuel core body are more facilitated. In addition, the micro-channel heat exchanger is arranged in the container shell of the micro-channel heat exchanger container; specifically, the micro-channel heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of plate bodies which are connected together, grooves for forming the circulation grooves are formed in the plate bodies, and a primary side heat-carrying working medium and a secondary side heat-carrying working medium respectively circulate in the circulation grooves of adjacent plates, so that helium leakage can be effectively prevented, sealing performance is improved, and reliability and maintainability of operation of the helium fan are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature gas cooled reactor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another high temperature gas cooled reactor system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cartridge in a fuel core of a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cartridge with bundle rod fuel elements in a fuel core of a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cartridge with a sleeve assembly installed in the fuel cartridge in the fuel core of the high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cartridge loaded with honeycomb prismatic fuel assemblies in a fuel core of a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a first schematic structural diagram of a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a microchannel heat exchanger in a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in a high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a container housing; 2-a microchannel heat exchanger core; 21-a plate body; 22-a groove; 3-a circulation tank; 4-a reactor vessel; 41-a housing; 42-the core; 421-fuel element sub-cartridge; 422-control rod thimble tube; 5-a power generation/steam supply system; 51-a high-pressure turbine; 52-a low pressure turbine; 53-driving a turbine; 54-a heat exchanger; 55-a generator; 56-a precooler; 57-a low pressure compressor; 58-an intercooler; 59-a high pressure compressor; 61-primary side hot end valve; 62-primary side hot end main pipe; 63-primary side cold side main pipe; 64-primary side cold side valve; 65-secondary side cold end valve; 66-secondary side cold end main pipe; 67-secondary side hot end valve; 68-secondary side hot end main pipeline; 7-helium fan.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a high temperature gas cooled reactor, which includes: a reactor vessel 4, and a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in communication with the reactor vessel 4; the reactor vessel 4 includes a housing 41, and a core 42 disposed within the housing 41; the core 42 includes: a plurality of combustion elements arranged in a fixed array, or a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements. The fixed arrangement comprises a regular tetrahedral arrangement. The fuel box adopts a regular tetrahedron structure, a regular quadrilateral prism structure or a regular hexagon prism structure, and the fuel element adopts TRISO coated granular fuel; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes; the micro-channel heat exchanger container comprises a container shell 1, wherein one or more micro-channel heat exchanger cores 2 are arranged in the container shell 1; the micro-channel heat exchanger core body 2 is provided with a circulation groove for circulating a heat-carrying working medium; the micro-channel heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of plate bodies 21 which are connected together, grooves 22 used for forming circulation grooves 3 are formed in the plate bodies 21, and primary heat-carrying working media and secondary heat-carrying working media respectively circulate in the circulation grooves of adjacent plates.
The micro-channel heat exchanger cores are respectively connected with the hot end and the cold end of the primary side main pipeline and the hot end and the cold end of the secondary side main pipeline; the cold end of the primary side main pipeline is connected with a helium fan; and a valve is arranged at the cold end inlet of the secondary main pipeline.
As shown in fig. 9, the arrangement of the microchannel heat exchanger core 2 in the vessel shell 1 is shown when the number thereof is plural.
In fig. 9, three microchannel heat exchanger cores 2 are provided in the vessel shell 1 as an example, but it is a matter of course that the arrangement is similar and not limited to this, when the number of the microchannel heat exchanger cores 2 is other.
Specifically, the hot end of the primary side main pipe is a primary side hot end main pipe 62, the cold end of the primary side main pipe is a primary side cold end main pipe 63, the cold end of the secondary side main pipe is a secondary side cold end main pipe 66, and the hot end of the secondary side main pipe is a secondary side hot end main pipe 68.
Each micro-channel heat exchanger core 2 is connected to a primary side hot end main pipe 62, a primary side cold end main pipe 63, a secondary side hot end main pipe 68 and a secondary side cold end main pipe 66, respectively. The primary side cold end main pipe 63 is connected with the helium fan 7, a primary side cold end valve 64 is arranged on the primary side cold end main pipe 63, a primary side hot end valve 61 is arranged at the inlet of the primary side hot end main pipe 62, a secondary side cold end valve 65 is arranged on the secondary side cold end main pipe 66, and a secondary side hot end valve 67 is arranged on the secondary side hot end main pipe 68.
Alternatively, the plurality of plate bodies 21 may be connected by welding.
Alternatively, the TRISO-coated particulate fuel may comprise a uranium dioxide core, a thorium dioxide core, a uranium nitride core, or a thorium nitride core.
Referring to FIG. 3, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge has a regular quadrangular prism structure and includes a plurality of fuel element sub-cartridges 421 and/or control rod thimbles 422; the fuel element sub-box 421 adopts a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and the fuel element sub-box 421 is loaded with fuel balls of TRISO fuel, and the fuel balls contain neutron absorbing materials as burnable poison; specifically, the side wall of the fuel element sub-box 421 is provided with a plurality of through holes; further, fuel element sub-cartridge 421 is also loaded with graphite nodules.
Referring to fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge further contains bundle rod fuel elements, and the bundle rod fuel elements include: the fuel rod takes silicon carbide cladding and TRISO coated granular fuel as a core; that is, the bundle rod fuel element may comprise a single or a plurality of silicon carbide thimbles for receiving burnable poison rods or control rods.
Referring to fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge further comprises a sleeve assembly, the sleeve assembly comprising: the fuel comprises a silicon carbide cladding and a cylindrical fuel element which takes TRISO coated particle fuel as a core, wherein the number of the cylindrical fuel elements can be multiple; the center of the cylindrical fuel element is inserted with a graphite rod or burnable poison rod cladded with silicon carbide, and the burnable poison rod includes an absorber material as burnable poison.
Referring to fig. 6, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge further contains a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly, and the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly includes: graphite powder is filled in the silicon carbide cladding, and an array formed by the fuel rods and the silicon carbide tubes which take the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body; wherein, the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly can be a regular quadrangular prism or a regular hexagonal prism.
Referring to fig. 8, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grooves 22 are disposed on the surfaces of the plate bodies 21, and the grooves 22 at corresponding (same) positions on two adjacent plate bodies 21 surround the circulation groove 3.
Referring to fig. 7, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microchannel heat exchanger core 2 is disposed at the bottom of the vessel shell 1 and is connected to the vessel shell 1 by a flange, thereby facilitating maintenance.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a valve is disposed between the microchannel heat exchanger container and the reactor container 4, and helium is used as a primary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat-carrying working medium at a secondary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container.
Optionally, a helium fan is further disposed in the container shell 1, and the helium fan is disposed below the microchannel heat exchanger core 2.
A high temperature gas cooled reactor system comprising: a high temperature gas cooled reactor as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Referring to fig. 1, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microchannel heat exchanger vessel is connected to a reactor vessel 4 and a power/steam generation system 5; specifically, the power generation/steam supply system 5 includes a high-pressure turbine 51, a low-pressure turbine 52, a drive turbine 53, and a heat exchanger 54, which are communicated in this order, and the drive turbine 53 is communicated with a generator 55; further, the other side of the heat exchanger 54 is communicated with a precooler 56, a low-pressure compressor 57, an intercooler 58 and a high-pressure compressor 59 in sequence, the low-pressure compressor 57 is communicated with the low-pressure turbine 52, and the high-pressure compressor 59 is communicated with the high-pressure turbine 51. The power/steam supply system 5 can be connected to an intercooler to generate steam.
Alternatively, in another embodiment, the microchannel heat exchanger vessel may be further coupled to the reactor vessel and the heating system, respectively.
The heating system is connected to the precooler to provide heating energy and/or the heating system is connected to the intercooler to provide heating capacity.
Furthermore, when heating energy is not needed to be supplied, the precooler and/or the intercooler can be connected with a heat-carrying working medium for low-temperature power generation to generate power, and the power generation efficiency of the system is further improved.
The micro-channel heat exchanger container is respectively connected with the reactor container 4 and the power generation/steam supply system 5, so that the reactor system and the power generation/steam supply system are effectively isolated, the probability of helium leakage can be reduced, and the operation reliability and maintainability of the helium fan are improved. In addition, the water vapor in the power generation/steam supply system can be effectively prevented from entering the reactor vessel.
Referring to fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the micro-channel heat exchanger container uses helium gas at the primary side, carbon dioxide at the secondary side as a heat-carrying medium, and carbon dioxide brayton cycle as a power generation cycle, so as to generate power and desalt seawater, and is suitable for islands in the sea, generate power and heat, and is suitable for northwest remote areas; in addition, the tertiary side of the microchannel heat exchanger vessel produces high temperature steam either directly or through a switching valve to accommodate an industrial park and maximize heat energy utilization.
Or in another embodiment, the third side of the micro-channel heat exchanger container adopts compressed air as a heat-carrying working medium to generate electricity, and the requirement of a cooling water source is eliminated.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel core comprises a plurality of fuel elements which are arranged in a fixed arrangement mode or a plurality of fuel cartridges containing the fuel elements, the fuel elements adopt TRISO coated granular fuel, and the fuel cartridges adopt regular tetrahedron structures, regular quadrilateral prism structures or regular hexagonal prism structures, namely, an ordered arrangement mode, so that the reactor core has a compact structure, is convenient for regular refueling, and can be synchronous with a maintenance period, thereby effectively avoiding dust pollution generated during the continuous refueling, being convenient for transportation and saving the cost; in addition, the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes, so that the full utilization and the regular replacement of the fuel core body are more facilitated. In addition, one or more microchannel heat exchanger cores are arranged in the microchannel heat exchanger container shell; specifically, the micro-channel heat exchanger core is provided with circulation grooves for circulating a heat-carrying working medium, and a primary heat-carrying working medium and a secondary heat-carrying working medium respectively circulate in the circulation grooves of adjacent plates; the microchannel heat exchanger core includes a plurality of plate bodies connected together and provided with grooves for forming flow channels. The micro-channel heat exchanger cores are respectively connected with the hot end and the cold end of the primary side main pipeline and the hot end and the cold end of the secondary side main pipeline; the cold end of the primary side main pipeline is connected with a helium fan; the cold end inlet of the secondary main pipeline is provided with a valve, so that helium leakage can be effectively prevented, the sealing performance is improved, and the operation reliability and maintainability of the helium fan are improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high temperature gas cooled reactor, comprising: a reactor vessel, and a microchannel heat exchanger vessel in communication with the reactor vessel;
the reactor vessel includes a housing, and a core disposed within the housing; the core includes: a plurality of fuel elements arranged in a fixed arrangement comprising a regular tetrahedral arrangement or a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, the fuel cartridges employing a regular tetrahedral structure, a regular quadrangular prismatic structure, or a regular hexagonal prismatic structure, the fuel elements being coated with a particulate fuel using tris; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of through holes;
the microchannel heat exchanger container comprises a container shell, and a microchannel heat exchanger core is arranged in the container shell; the micro-channel heat exchanger core is provided with a circulation groove for circulating a heat-carrying working medium; the micro-channel heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of plate bodies which are connected together, grooves used for forming the circulation grooves are formed in the plate bodies, and primary side heat-carrying working media and secondary side heat-carrying working media respectively circulate in the circulation grooves of adjacent plates.
2. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cartridge has a regular quadrilateral prism structure and includes a plurality of fuel element sub-cartridges and/or control rod thimbles; the fuel element sub-box adopts a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and fuel balls of TRISO fuel are loaded in the fuel element sub-box, and the fuel balls contain neutron absorbing materials as burnable poison; the side wall of the fuel element sub-box is provided with a plurality of through holes;
the fuel element sub-cartridge is also loaded with graphite nodules.
3. The high temperature gas cooled reactor of claim 1, wherein a bundle of rod fuel elements are further loaded within the fuel cartridge, the bundle of rod fuel elements comprising: silicon carbide cladding, and a fuel rod with a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
4. The high temperature gas cooled reactor of claim 1, wherein a sleeve assembly is further loaded within the fuel cartridge, the sleeve assembly comprising: a silicon carbide cladding, and a cylindrical fuel element having a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel;
the center of the cylindrical fuel element is inserted with a graphite rod or a burnable poison rod which is cladded by silicon carbide, and the burnable poison rod comprises an absorber material which is burnable poison.
5. The high temperature gas cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly is further loaded within the fuel cartridge, the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly comprising: graphite powder is filled in an array consisting of the silicon carbide cladding, the fuel rods taking the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body and the silicon carbide tubes.
6. The high temperature gas cooled reactor according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the microchannel heat exchanger is disposed at the bottom of the vessel shell and is connected to the vessel shell by a flange.
7. The high temperature gas cooled reactor according to claim 6, wherein a valve is arranged between the microchannel heat exchanger container and the reactor container, and helium is adopted at the primary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container, and carbon dioxide is adopted at the secondary side of the microchannel heat exchanger container as a heat-carrying working medium;
and a helium fan is arranged in the container shell and is arranged below the micro-channel heat exchanger.
8. A high temperature gas cooled reactor system, comprising: the high temperature gas cooled reactor according to any of claims 1-7.
9. The high temperature gas cooled reactor system according to claim 8, wherein the microchannel heat exchanger vessel is connected to the reactor vessel and the power/steam generation system, respectively,
and/or the microchannel heat exchanger vessel is respectively connected with the reactor vessel and the heating system;
the power generation/steam supply system comprises a high-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine, a driving turbine and a heat exchanger which are sequentially communicated, and the driving turbine is communicated with a generator; the other side of the heat exchanger is sequentially communicated with a precooler, a low-pressure compressor, an intercooler and a high-pressure compressor, the low-pressure compressor is communicated with the low-pressure turbine, and the high-pressure compressor is communicated with the high-pressure turbine;
the power/steam supply system is connectable to the intercooler to generate steam;
the heating system is connected with the precooler and/or the heating system is connected with the intercooler to provide heating energy;
the precooler and/or the intercooler are/is also used for connecting a heat-carrying working medium for low-temperature power generation to generate power.
10. The high temperature gas cooled reactor system according to claim 8, wherein the microchannel heat exchanger vessel employs helium gas on the primary side, carbon dioxide on the secondary side as a heat carrying medium, and a carbon dioxide Brayton cycle as a power generation cycle;
the tertiary side of the micro-channel heat exchanger container is directly connected with a steam generator to generate high-temperature steam, or is connected with the steam generator through a conversion valve of a flow distributor to generate high-temperature steam and generate electricity at the same time;
or the third side of the micro-channel heat exchanger container adopts compressed air as a heat-carrying working medium to generate electricity.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113205892A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-08-03 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core system of prismatic air-cooled micro-reactor |
| WO2022166185A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | High-temperature gas-cooled reactor carbon dioxide power generation system and method |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022166185A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | High-temperature gas-cooled reactor carbon dioxide power generation system and method |
| CN113205892A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-08-03 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core system of prismatic air-cooled micro-reactor |
| CN113205892B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2024-03-08 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core system of prismatic gas-cooled micro-reactor |
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