CN213815564U - Fuel element, high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor system - Google Patents
Fuel element, high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213815564U CN213815564U CN202022538457.1U CN202022538457U CN213815564U CN 213815564 U CN213815564 U CN 213815564U CN 202022538457 U CN202022538457 U CN 202022538457U CN 213815564 U CN213815564 U CN 213815564U
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The utility model discloses a fuel element, high temperature gas cooled reactor system relates to high temperature gas cooled reactor technical field to solve current fuel ball and produce dust pollution's technical problem when not shutting down the heap reloading easily. A plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, said fuel cartridges employing regular tetrahedral, regular quadrangular prism, or regular hexagonal prism structures, said fuel elements being coated with tris o particulate fuel; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes. The fuel element of the present invention, comprising: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, the fuel cartridges having a regular tetrahedron structure, a regular quadrangular prism structure or a regular hexagonal prism structure, the fuel elements being coated with the granular fuel using TRISO; and, the lateral wall of fuel box is seted up a plurality of holes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a high temperature gas cooled reactor technical field, in particular to fuel element, high temperature gas cooled reactor system.
Background
The high-temperature gas cooled reactor adopts coated granular fuel and takes graphite as a moderator. The outlet temperature of the reactor core can reach 850-1000 ℃, even higher; the nuclear fuel generally adopts high-concentration uranium dioxide, and also adopts low-concentration uranium dioxide; the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is a ball-separating bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor according to the shape of a reactor core.
Specifically, in the prior art, once the fuel spheres are put into the core, the residence time and moving route of the fuel spheres in the core are completely out of control of people, and the void ratio between adjacent spheres is also completely uncontrollable randomly, so that the calorific value of the fuel spheres and the calorific value of helium derived from the fuel spheres in the area near a certain point in the core are both unpredictable and change along with time; in the pebble bed reactor, there may occur local regions of very high pebble temperature, so-called hot spots, which may lead to a serious contamination of the reactor primary circuit with metallic fission products mixed with graphite dust.
Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art how to provide a fuel element, a high temperature gas cooled reactor, and a high temperature gas cooled reactor system, which can effectively avoid the dust pollution generated during the refueling without stopping the reactor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a fuel element, high temperature gas cooled reactor system to solve current fuel ball and produce dust pollution's technical problem when not shutting down the heap reloading easily.
The utility model provides a fuel element, include: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, said fuel cartridges employing regular tetrahedral, regular quadrangular prism, or regular hexagonal prism structures, said fuel elements employing tris-coated particulate fuel; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes.
In the fuel element of the present invention, the fuel cartridge has a regular quadrilateral prism structure and includes a plurality of fuel element cartridges and/or control rod thimbles; the fuel element box adopts a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and fuel balls loaded with TRISO fuel are loaded in the fuel element box.
Specifically, in the fuel element of the present invention, a plurality of holes are opened on the side wall of the fuel element box.
Furthermore, in the fuel element of the present invention, graphite nodules are loaded in the fuel element box, and the graphite nodules contain neutron absorbing material as burnable poison; or, burnable poison balls are loaded in the fuel element box and comprise TRISO coated particle fuel, the TRISO coated particle fuel comprises an absorber material serving as burnable poison, and the absorber material can be a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
In practical application, the fuel element of the present invention, wherein a bundle rod fuel element is loaded in the fuel cartridge, and the bundle rod fuel element comprises: silicon carbide cladding, and a fuel rod with a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
In practical application, the fuel element of the present invention further has a sleeve assembly loaded in the fuel cartridge, wherein the sleeve assembly comprises: a silicon carbide cladding, and a cylindrical fuel element having a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
In the fuel element of the present invention, a graphite rod having a silicon carbide cladding is inserted into the center of the cylindrical fuel element.
Or a burnable poison rod cladded by silicon carbide is inserted in the center of the cylindrical fuel element, and the burnable poison rod comprises TRISO-coated particle fuel, the TRISO-coated particle fuel comprises an absorber material serving as burnable poison, and the absorber material can be a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
In practical application, among the fuel element, still load the honeycomb prismatic formula fuel assembly in the fuel cartridge, honeycomb prismatic formula fuel assembly includes: graphite powder is filled in an array consisting of the silicon carbide cladding, the fuel rods taking the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body and the silicon carbide tubes.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel element of the utility model has the following advantages:
the utility model provides a fuel element, include: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, the fuel cartridges having a regular tetrahedron structure, a regular quadrangular prism structure or a regular hexagonal prism structure, the fuel elements being coated with the granular fuel using TRISO; and, the lateral wall of fuel box is seted up a plurality of holes. Therefore, the fuel element provided by the utility model, because including a plurality of fuel cartridges that contain the fuel element, this fuel element adopts TRISO cladding particle fuel, and the fuel cartridge adopts regular tetrahedron structure, regular quadrilateral prism structure or regular hexagon prism structure, also adopts the mode of ordered arrangement, therefore the reactor core compact structure, be convenient for regularly change the material, and can be synchronous with the maintenance cycle, thereby can effectively avoid the dust pollution that produces when changing the material without stopping piling, be convenient for transport simultaneously, save the cost; in addition, because the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes, the full heat exchange of the fuel element is more facilitated.
The utility model also provides a high temperature gas cooled reactor, include: a fuel element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
The advantages of the high temperature gas cooled reactor and the fuel element are the same compared with the prior art, and the details are not repeated herein.
The utility model also provides a high temperature gas cooled reactor system, include: a plurality of high temperature gas cooled reactors as described above and using helium as a coolant.
The advantages of the high temperature gas cooled reactor system, the fuel element and the high temperature gas cooled reactor are the same as those of the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cartridge with bundle rod fuel elements in the fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cartridge with a sleeve assembly mounted therein according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly is loaded in a fuel cartridge.
In the figure: 11-a fuel element cartridge; 12-control rod thimble tube.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the system or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the connection can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
At present, the market has very urgent need for high-temperature steam boilers for replacing coal, and small multifunctional power stations in island, remote areas and other isolated areas also have great need. A small high temperature gas cooled reactor is a realistic solution.
The reason is that the basic technology required by the small high-temperature gas cooled reactor is mature or nearly mature in China, and the bottleneck of the manufacturing technology is overcome. The nuclear fuel, the micro-channel heat exchanger, the helium fan and the like have mature manufacturing technologies at home.
The problems encountered by the high-temperature gas cooled reactor at present are mainly that the power of the reactor is high, the specific power of the reactor core is low, and the difficulty of the type selection of a heat exchanger is high.
The proposal is that the maximum power of a small high-temperature gas cooled reactor is 100MW thermal power, a reactor core arrangement mode of shutdown and refueling and fixed lattices is adopted, a power generation mode of carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is adopted, and a micro-channel heat exchanger is adopted.
To speed up the development process, a nuclear reactor with less power can be started first. For example, a multifunctional power station with 50MW thermal power can be developed first to perform project construction, so as to complete the work of system design, equipment verification, and the like. The work can apply for policy support of the military and civil integration technology.
On the basis, taking a high-temperature gas cooled reactor of 50MW and 100MW as a core, the following 3 series of standard modular products are developed:
A. the power generation and seawater desalination are applicable to islands;
B. the power generation and heating system is suitable for northwest remote areas;
C. industrial steam, suitable for industrial parks.
The conceptual design of the project may cooperate with the Qinghua university work system or the atomic energy institute. Engineering design and project construction may work with the atomic energy institute and the east China electric research and design institute.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel element, including: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, the fuel cartridges having a regular tetrahedral structure (as shown in fig. 1), a regular quadrangular prism structure (as shown in fig. 2), or a regular hexagonal prism structure (as shown in fig. 3), the fuel elements being coated with the particulate fuel using tris; the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel element, as shown in fig. 1-3, including: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements in a regular tetrahedral configuration (as shown in fig. 1), a regular quadrangular prism configuration (as shown in fig. 2), or a regular hexagonal prism configuration (as shown in fig. 3), the fuel elements being coated with the granular fuel using tris; and, the lateral wall of fuel box is seted up a plurality of holes. Therefore, the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the utility model, because including a plurality of fuel cartridges that contain the fuel element, this fuel element adopts TRISO cladding particle fuel, and the fuel cartridge adopts regular tetrahedron structure, regular quadrilateral prism structure or regular hexagon prism structure, also adopts the mode of ordered arrangement, so the reactor core compact structure, be convenient for regularly change of stock, and can be synchronous with the maintenance cycle, thereby can effectively avoid the dust pollution that produces when the material is changed without the incessant heap, be convenient for transport simultaneously, save cost; in addition, because the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes, the full heat exchange of the fuel element is more facilitated.
It should be added here that the solid fuel molten salt pile concept was first proposed by american scientists at the beginning of the century, which uses fluoride molten salt as coolant, graphite as moderator, and Tri-structural iso-Tropic (TRISO) coated granular spherical elements as fuel.
In addition, the fuel particles are mixed fuel bodies which are prepared by dispersing fuel particles of fissile materials or fissile material-convertible material mixtures wrapped by covering layers in a graphite matrix, and the mixed fuel bodies are in a novel fuel element form, not only improve the safety of the fuel elements on the design principle, but also embody the inherent safety characteristics of the fuel elements through actual irradiation tests.
The design of the coated fuel particles goes through two stages. The initial structure was of the BISO type, i.e. a loose pyrolytic carbon layer and a dense pyrolytic carbon layer were deposited successively on the periphery of a spherical fuel core. With the progress of the irradiation test and the post-irradiation safety detection test, the BISO-type coated fuel particles gradually show their structural limitations, mainly manifested by low strength of the deposit and low barrier capability to metal fission products. And then, coating fuel particles with a TRISO type structure are designed, namely, a silicon carbide layer and a compact pyrolytic carbon layer are deposited on the basis of the original loose pyrolytic carbon layer and the compact pyrolytic carbon layer.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a fuel cartridge in a fuel device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the fuel element provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the fuel cartridge may have a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and may include a plurality of fuel element cartridges 11 and/or control rod thimbles 12; the fuel element cartridge 11 may have a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrangular prism structure, and the fuel element cartridge 11 may be loaded with fuel pellets of the TRISO fuel.
Specifically, in the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of holes may be opened on the side wall of the fuel element cartridge 11.
Further, in the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel element cartridge 11 may further contain graphite nodules.
Alternatively, the fuel cartridge 11 may further contain burnable poison balls, and the burnable poison balls include a tris so-coated particulate fuel including an absorber material as a burnable poison, and the absorber material may be a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
The burnable poison is arranged in the reactor core and is mainly used for absorbing solid neutron poison with larger initial backup reactivity, deepening burnup and flattening neutron fluence rate distribution. Such as boron, gadolinium and erbium compounds. Along with the operation of the reactor, the burnable poison is gradually reduced due to the absorption of neutrons, and the backup reactivity absorbed by the burnable poison is gradually released again.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cartridge with bundle rod fuel elements in the fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In practical applications, as shown in fig. 5, the fuel element provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a bundle rod fuel element loaded in the fuel cartridge, and the bundle rod fuel element may include: the fuel rod takes silicon carbide cladding and TRISO coated granular fuel as a core; that is, the bundle rod fuel element may comprise a single or a plurality of silicon carbide thimbles for receiving burnable poison rods or control rods.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cartridge with a sleeve assembly mounted therein in a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In practical applications, the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, can further include a sleeve assembly loaded in the fuel cartridge, and the sleeve assembly can include: the fuel element is a cylindrical fuel element with a core of silicon carbide cladding and TRISO coated particulate fuel, and the cylindrical fuel element may be plural.
In the fuel element provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the graphite rod of the silicon carbide cladding can be inserted into the center of the cylindrical fuel element.
Or, the center of the cylindrical fuel element can be inserted with a graphite rod with silicon carbide cladding or inserted with a burnable poison rod with silicon carbide cladding, the burnable poison rod comprises TRISO coated particle fuel, the TRISO coated particle fuel comprises an absorber material which is burnable poison, and the absorber material can be a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
The vertical arrangement of the graphite rods of the silicon carbide cladding can not only form natural circulation, but also improve the uniformity of helium flowing in the reactor core.
In particular, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel element in which the absorber material may be boron or gadolinium.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel element according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly is loaded in a fuel cartridge.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 7, the fuel element provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly loaded in the fuel cartridge, and the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly may include: graphite powder is filled in an array consisting of the silicon carbide cladding, the fuel rods taking the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body and the silicon carbide tubes.
Among the fuel elements provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly may be a regular quadrangular prism or a regular hexagonal prism.
It should be noted that the coating particles are too small to be used directly, and only the coating particles are dispersed in a graphite matrix and pressed into a fuel compact, and the fuel compact is then packed into fuel elements with different shapes, which are composed of graphite cladding. For example: spherical elements, cylindrical elements, etc.
Further, for example, the prism blocks of the columnar elements can be provided with fuel holes, coolant holes, control rod holes, control poison holes and loading and unloading holes.
Specifically, the reasons for using graphite as the moderator and the primary structural material are: the thermal neutron absorption cross section is small; the mechanical property and the stability are better at high temperature; the thermal shock resistance is good.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide a high temperature gas cooled reactor, include: a fuel element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a high temperature gas cooled reactor has following advantage:
the embodiment of the utility model provides an in the high temperature gas cooled reactor, because fuel element includes a plurality of fuel cartridges that contain fuel element, this fuel element adopts TRISO cladding particle fuel, and the fuel cartridge adopts regular tetrahedron structure, regular quadrangle prism structure or regular hexagon prism structure, also adopts the mode of ordered arrangement, so the reactor core compact structure, be convenient for regularly change material, and can be synchronous with the maintenance cycle, thereby can effectively avoid the dust pollution that produces when incessantly piling the change material, be convenient for transport simultaneously, save cost; in addition, because the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes, the full heat exchange of the fuel element is more facilitated.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide a high temperature gas cooled reactor system, include: a plurality of high temperature gas cooled reactors as described above and using helium as a coolant.
The high-temperature gas cooled reactor takes away heat generated by nuclear reaction by adopting helium as a coolant, and has the characteristics of high thermal efficiency, good inherent safety and the like; and, easy to purify.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a high temperature gas-cooled reactor system has following advantage:
the embodiment of the utility model provides an among the high temperature gas cooled reactor system, because the fuel element of high temperature gas cooled reactor includes a plurality of fuel cartridges that contain the fuel element, this fuel element adopts TRISO cladding particle fuel, the fuel cartridge adopts regular tetrahedron structure, regular quadrangle prism structure or regular hexagon prism structure, also adopts the mode of ordered arrangement, therefore the reactor core compact structure, be convenient for regularly change the material, and can be synchronous with the maintenance cycle, thereby can effectively avoid the dust pollution that produces when incessantly piling the change of materials, be convenient for transport simultaneously, save cost; in addition, because the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes, the full utilization and the regular replacement of the fuel element are more facilitated.
The high temperature gas cooled reactor is a reactor developed from a common graphite gas cooled reactor. The working principle is as follows: graphite is used as a moderator, gas helium is used as a coolant (the gas cooling is adopted), and the temperature of the helium is as high as about 800 ℃ (the high temperature is adopted)
The specific process is as follows: when nuclear reaction is carried out by nuclear fuel in the reactor, neutrons are emitted, and neutrons with too high speed are slowed down by graphite collision (because only slow neutrons in the reactor can effectively react with uranium fuel) so as to maintain the nuclear reaction. A large amount of heat is released during nuclear reaction, and if the heat is not taken away, the reactor is burnt, so that gas (helium) flows through the reactor core, the heat is taken to the heat exchanger, the helium is cooled by another path of coolant, and the cooled helium returns to the reactor core to continuously cool the reactor, so that a closed circulation loop is formed.
This is the simplest principle of a high temperature gas cooled reactor. At present, the most used nuclear reactors in the world are pressurized water reactors, particularly nuclear submarines are basically pressurized water reactors, and at present, the nuclear submarines of all countries have no high-temperature gas cooled reactors and are too large in size.
The adoption of excellent coated granular fuel in high temperature gas cooled reactors is the basis for obtaining good safety. The uranium fuel is divided into a plurality of small fuel pellets, each pellet being coated with a layer of low density thermal media carbon, two layers of high density thermal media carbon and a layer of silicon carbide. The fuel element is a novel fuel element form, not only improves the safety of the fuel element in the design principle, but also embodies the inherent safety characteristic through the actual irradiation test. The diameter of the coated particles is less than 1mm, and the coated particle fuel is uniformly dispersed in the matrix of the graphite moderating material to manufacture the spherical fuel element with the diameter of 6 cm. The coating layer coats the particlesThe fission products generated in the process are fully retained in the coating particles, and experiments show that the coating particle fuel still maintains the integrity and the release rate of fission gases is still lower than 10 when the fuel is heated for hundreds of hours at the high temperature of 1600 DEG C－4。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel element, comprising: a plurality of fuel cartridges containing fuel elements, said fuel cartridges employing regular tetrahedral, regular quadrangular prism, or regular hexagonal prism structures, said fuel elements employing tris-coated particulate fuel;
the side wall of the fuel box is provided with a plurality of holes.
2. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the fuel cartridge is in a regular quadrilateral prism configuration and comprises a plurality of fuel element cartridges and/or control rod thimbles;
the fuel element box adopts a cylindrical structure or a regular quadrilateral prism structure, and fuel balls loaded with TRISO fuel are loaded in the fuel element box.
3. The fuel element of claim 2, wherein the side wall of the fuel element cartridge defines a plurality of apertures.
4. The fuel element of claim 2 or 3, wherein the fuel element cartridge is further loaded with graphite nodules, and the graphite nodules contain neutron absorbing material as a burnable poison;
or, burnable poison balls are loaded in the fuel element box and comprise TRISO coated particle fuel, the TRISO coated particle fuel comprises an absorber material serving as burnable poison, and the absorber material can be a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
5. The fuel element of claim 1, further loaded within the cartridge with a bundle rod fuel element, the bundle rod fuel element comprising: silicon carbide cladding, and a fuel rod with a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
6. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein a sleeve assembly is further loaded within the cartridge, the sleeve assembly comprising: a silicon carbide cladding, and a cylindrical fuel element having a core of TRISO coated particulate fuel.
7. The fuel element of claim 6, wherein a silicon carbide clad burnable poison rod is inserted in the center of the cylindrical fuel element and comprises a TRISO-clad particulate fuel comprising an absorber material that is a burnable poison and is a boron-containing material or a gadolinium-containing material or an erbium-containing material.
8. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the fuel cartridge further carries a honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly, the honeycomb prismatic fuel assembly comprising: graphite powder is filled in an array consisting of the silicon carbide cladding, the fuel rods taking the TRISO coated granular fuel as the core body and the silicon carbide tubes.
9. A high temperature gas cooled reactor, comprising: a fuel element according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A high temperature gas cooled reactor system, comprising: a plurality of high temperature gas cooled reactors as claimed in claim 9 and using helium as a coolant.
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