CN110488417B - Multi-core fiber coupler preparation method based on reverse tapering technology - Google Patents
Multi-core fiber coupler preparation method based on reverse tapering technology Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a multi-core optical fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technology. The method comprises the following steps: stripping a coating layer of the multi-core optical fiber, reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber, and cutting the multi-core optical fiber at the position with the largest diameter of the coating layer; preprocessing a plurality of single-core optical fibers, and preparing a single-core optical fiber bundle according to the fiber core arrangement mode of the multi-core optical fibers; stacking and fixing the single-core optical fiber bundle in a glass capillary, and melting and tapering to enable each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of the capillary to be matched with each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of a cladding layer after the multi-core optical fiber bundle is reversely tapered; cutting the waist of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle, aligning the waist with one end of the maximum cladding diameter of the multi-core optical fiber, and completing fusion welding. The method can reduce the requirement of alignment precision and effectively improve the optical coupling efficiency between the cores of a plurality of single-core optical fibers and a multi-core optical fiber; effectively suppressing crosstalk between cores upon coupling, while increasing the welding strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a multi-core optical fiber coupler.
Background
With the increasing capacity of communication systems in recent years, the transmission capacity of single-core optical fibers has approached its physical limit. As the system capacity can be greatly increased, the multicore fiber capable of providing space division multiplexing has received great attention. However, to make the multi-core fiber access the existing communication system and implement wider application, a high-quality coupling method with low loss and low crosstalk is especially important.
The existing multi-core optical fiber coupler mainly has the following preparation methods:
the first is to use a lens method and a polymer waveguide method, which all involve the introduction of other non-optical fiber devices, increase the complexity of the system, and bring inconvenience to the practical use.
And a micropore processing method, such as patent document CN 105204119A. The method needs to design and manufacture the sleeve punching aiming at the multi-core optical fiber and the single-core optical fiber bundle respectively, the operation is complex, and the punching precision seriously influences the final fusion loss.
Thirdly, a tapering technology is used. Patent document CN 202305881U tapers one side of a single-core optical fiber bundle and then fusion-splices the bundle with a multi-core optical fiber on the other side. The method is difficult to realize the matching of the mode fields of the optical fibers on two sides, thereby causing higher fusion loss. Patent document CN 105785511B corrodes a single-core optical fiber, inserts it into a glass sleeve to be tapered, and then fusion-splices it with a multi-core optical fiber. Patent document CN 109239845 a performs three-time tapering of a ferrule on one side of a single-core optical fiber bundle, and then fusion-bonds the ferrule to a multi-core optical fiber.
In all the above-mentioned preparation methods, the obtained fusion loss is related to the alignment degree of the optical fibers on two sides before fusion, and if the optical fibers are slightly dislocated in the transverse direction, higher coupling or fusion loss is finally obtained. Meanwhile, the position error of each core in the multi-core optical fiber can also increase the coupling or welding loss of a single-core channel, so that the consistency of the loss of each channel is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a multi-core optical fiber coupler with low coupling or fusion loss of a single-core channel.
The preparation method of the multi-core optical fiber coupler is based on a reverse tapering technology; namely, the multicore fiber is processed through a reverse tapering technology, so that the diameter of the fiber core and the space between the fiber cores are enlarged along with the enlargement of the diameter of a cladding; the beneficial effects can be evaluated from at least the following three aspects: firstly, the diameter of the core of the multi-core optical fiber is increased, so that the diameter of a mode field is increased. Therefore, the multi-core optical fiber can realize high coupling efficiency in the process of aligning the cores of the multi-core optical fiber and the single-core optical fiber bundle on the other side, and the sensitivity of low loss to transverse displacement is reduced. The effect of lateral misalignment on loss can be reduced for alignment of a single core of a multicore fiber with one core of a bundle of single core fibers. For the overall alignment among a plurality of fiber cores, after most of the fiber cores are ensured to be aligned, even if the transverse dislocation of individual fiber cores caused by preparation errors exists, the sensitivity of each core to the transverse displacement is reduced after the multi-core optical fiber is subjected to reverse tapering, so that the high loss is not brought. And secondly, the distance between the cores of the multi-core optical fiber is increased, so that the possibility of crosstalk between the cores during coupling is reduced. And thirdly, the diameter of the cladding of the multi-core optical fiber is increased, the diameters of the sections at the welding points are the same, and the mechanical strength and the long-term use stability are increased.
The invention provides a preparation method of a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technology, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: stripping a coating layer of the multi-core optical fiber, cleaning the optical fiber, reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber by using an optical fiber tapering machine, and finishing cutting at the position with the largest cladding diameter;
step 2: carrying out the same pretreatment on a plurality of single-core optical fibers, and preparing a single-core optical fiber bundle according to the fiber core arrangement mode of the multi-core optical fiber;
and step 3: stacking and fixing the single-core optical fiber bundle in a glass capillary, and melting and tapering by using an optical fiber tapering machine to enable each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of the capillary to be matched with each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of a cladding after reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber bundle;
and 4, step 4: and cutting the waist of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle, aligning the waist with one end of the maximum cladding diameter of the multi-core optical fiber, and completing fusion welding.
Wherein, the pretreatment method in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
using CO2Removing a partial coating of the single-core optical fiber by laser processing, chemical corrosion or grinding and polishing;
the thermal core expanding technology is used to diffuse the doping of the fiber core to the nearby cladding, and the diameter of the fiber core is enlarged.
And 3, the glass capillary in the step 3 comprises a quartz glass tube, a fluoride glass tube or a high borosilicate glass tube.
Wherein, the parameter range of the reverse tapered multi-core fiber in the step 1 is as follows: the heating and propelling distance is more than 0.5 mm, and generally can be 0.5-50 mm; the heating temperature is 2000-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s, and can be 5-500 s generally; the swinging speed of the heat source is generally 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is generally 0-20 cm.
The parameter range of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle in the step 3 is as follows: the heating and stretching distance is more than 0.5 mm, and generally can be 0.5-50 mm; the heating temperature is 1400-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s, and can be 5-500 s generally; the swinging speed of the heat source is generally 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is generally 0-20 cm.
Wherein, the parameter range of the welding process in the step 4 is as follows: the pre-pushing distance of the optical fiber is 0-20 μm, the heating pushing distance is generally 1-20 μm, the heating time is generally 0.1-5 s, the heating temperature is 1500-3300 ℃, and the fire head offset distance is generally 0-50 μm.
Wherein, the heating mode of the optical fiber tapering machine is as follows: flame heating, carbon dioxide laser heating, graphite heating or thermoelectric ceramic heating. Wherein the flame heating mode is as follows: the hydrogen and the oxygen are combusted and heated, or the butane and the oxygen are combusted and heated.
Wherein, the cladding diameter of the multi-core fiber of the reverse tapering is at least 1.1 times, generally 2-4 times of the diameter of the original multi-core fiber.
The average welding loss of each fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber is less than 1 dB, or less than 0.5 dB, or less than 0.2 dB.
The number of fiber cores of the multi-core optical fiber is not less than 2, and generally can be 2-20; e.g., 7 cores, 9 cores, 12 cores, 19 cores, etc.
According to the preparation method of the multi-core optical fiber coupler based on the reverse tapering technology, provided by the invention, the requirement on alignment precision can be reduced by carrying out post-treatment on the multi-core optical fiber, the optical coupling efficiency between a plurality of single-core optical fibers and each core of one multi-core optical fiber is effectively improved, and the consistency of the coupling efficiency of each core is improved; effectively suppressing crosstalk between cores during coupling; and simultaneously, the welding strength is increased.
In addition, the invention is an all-fiber fusion system, which is simple and high in integration level, and can accelerate more practical applications of multi-core fibers in fiber communication systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core fiber coupler based on reverse tapering technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reverse tapered multi-core fiber in a method for manufacturing a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapered technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-core fiber in a multi-core fiber coupler based on reverse tapering technology, and a cross-sectional view of a position where the cladding diameter is maximum after reverse tapering of the multi-core fiber, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-multi-core fiber, 2-multi-core fiber reverse tapering area, 3-multi-core fiber reverse tapering waist area, 4-multi-core fiber and single-core fiber bundle fusion-connection section, 5-single-core fiber bundle tapering waist area, 6-single-core fiber bundle tapering area, 7-single-core fiber, 8-glass capillary tube, and 9-heating source.
Detailed Description
To more clearly illustrate the objects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core fiber coupler based on reverse tapering technology according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: the optical fiber comprises a multi-core optical fiber 1, a multi-core optical fiber reverse tapering area 2, a multi-core optical fiber reverse tapering waist area 3, a multi-core optical fiber and single-core optical fiber bundle fusion joint section 4, a single-core optical fiber bundle tapering waist area 5, a single-core optical fiber bundle tapering area 6, a single-core optical fiber 7 and a glass capillary tube 8. The fiber core number, the fiber core arrangement and the fiber core position of the single-core optical fiber in the single-core optical fiber bundle cone waist region 5 are the same as those of the multi-core optical fiber in the multi-core optical fiber reverse cone waist region 3, and the cross section diameters of the two are the same at the welding point. The specific preparation method can be carried out according to the following steps in the flow chart shown in fig. 2:
step 1: stripping a coating layer of the multi-core optical fiber and completing optical fiber cleaning, reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber by using an optical fiber tapering machine, and completing cutting at the position with the largest cladding diameter;
step 2: the multiple single-core optical fibers are subjected to the same pretreatment, and a single-core optical fiber bundle is prepared according to the fiber core arrangement mode of the multi-core optical fibers;
and step 3: stacking and fixing the single-core optical fiber bundle in a glass capillary, and melting and tapering to enable each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of the capillary to be matched with each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of a cladding after the multi-core optical fiber bundle is reversely tapered;
and 4, step 4: and cutting the waist of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle, aligning the waist with one end of the maximum cladding diameter of the multi-core optical fiber, and completing fusion welding.
In step 1, a coating layer of the multi-core optical fiber is stripped and cleaned. It should be noted that, in order to avoid as much as possible micro-cracks on the surface of the multicore fiber caused by the stripping and cleaning process, which weaken the strength of the fiber in later use, a commercially available fiber stripping apparatus may be used. And secondly, setting tapering parameters of the optical fiber tapering machine, heating and reversely propelling the multi-core optical fiber to finish reverse tapering.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reverse tapered multi-core fiber in a method for manufacturing a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapered technology according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reverse tapering technique is carried out by compressing the optical fiber while locally heating it at high temperature by a heating source 9, and the resulting structure comprises a uniform waist portion (waist region 3) with a large diameter in the middle and two transitions (tapered regions 2) at both sides, which are connected to the untreated portions of the optical fiber 1, respectively. By processing the multi-core fiber by the technology, the expected cladding diameter size can be obtained, and is at least 1.1 times of the cladding diameter of the original multi-core fiber; and this process can achieve very low losses, e.g., less than 0.5 dB, or less than 0.2 dB. The heating source 9 may be heated not only above the optical fiber as shown, but also below the optical fiber or by wrapping.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-core fiber in a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technique according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the multi-core fiber at the position where the diameter of the cladding of the fiber is maximum after the multi-core fiber is reversely tapered to a waist diameter of 260 μm. Wherein, FIG. 4(a) is a cross-sectional view of an untreated multi-core fiber, and FIG. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of a reversely tapered multi-core fiber at the maximum cladding diameter, both of which are obtained under the same white light source.
Based on the above description of step 1, the parameter range for reverse tapering the multi-core fiber includes: thermal propulsion distance, heating source temperature, heating time, fire head scanning speed and range. By modifying these parameters, the axial length where the diameter of the cladding is the largest, the length of the transition zone, the maximum diameter of the cladding, etc. can be varied to achieve the desired results. And determining reverse tapering parameters according to the actually required waist region length, taper region length and cladding maximum diameter. The parameter range of the reverse tapered multi-core fiber is as follows: the heating and propelling distance is more than 0.5 mm, and generally can be 0.5-50 mm; the heating temperature is 2000-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s, and can be 5-500 s generally; the swinging speed of the heat source is generally 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is generally 0-20 cm.
Based on the above description of step 2, the core arrangement of the multicore fiber should be observed and obtained under a microscope before step 2. The operations described in step 2 may then be performed: and respectively carrying out the same pretreatment on the plurality of single-core optical fiber bundles, so that the single-core optical fiber bundles can be stacked and fixed in the glass capillary in the same fiber core arrangement mode as the multi-core optical fiber bundles.
Based on the above description of step 2, the method for preprocessing a plurality of single-core optical fibers includes: the first is the use of CO2Removing a partial coating of the single-core optical fiber by laser processing, chemical corrosion, grinding and polishing and the like; the second type is to enlarge the diameter of the fiber core by using a thermal core expanding technology; or a mixture of the above pretreatment methods. The first type is to realize the matching of the mode field and the fiber core position with the multi-core fiber by reducing the diameter of the cladding. It should be noted that, in the second kind of thermal core expansion technology, by heating the local high temperature of the optical fiber, germanium ions doped in the fiber core will gradually diffuse toward the cladding, and then the mode field diameter of the optical fiber becomes larger. This technique allows the mode field size of the fiber to be varied without changing the cladding diameter, and the process can achieve very low loss. It is worth noting that the core diameter of each single-core optical fiber is increased due to the action of the thermal core expansion technology. The matching with the multicore fiber in the mode field and the fiber core position can be realized. The core arrangement comprises: the position of the fiber core and the size of the equivalent fiber core.
And 3, performing fusion tapering on the arranged single-core optical fiber bundle sleeved in the glass capillary. It should be noted that, similar to the reverse tapering process in step 1, the forward tapering is heating and drawing the multi-core fiber to both sides. And (4) determining tapering parameters according to the actually required waist region length, tapering region length and waist region diameter. The parameter range of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle is as follows: the heating and stretching distance is more than 0.5 mm, and generally can be 0.5-50 mm; the heating temperature is 1400-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s, and can be 5-500 s generally; the swinging speed of the heat source is generally 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is generally 0-20 cm.
In the step 1 and the step 3, the heating method for tapering comprises the following steps: flame heating, carbon dioxide laser heating, graphite heating, thermoelectric ceramic heating, and the like. Among them, a high temperature flame is generally obtained by burning hydrogen or butane in oxygen.
In the step 4, in the alignment process of the multi-core optical fibers and the single-core optical fiber bundles on the two sides, an optical fiber fusion splicer self-contained alignment device can be adopted to align the corresponding fiber cores of the optical fibers on the two sides, so that the alignment loss of each fiber core is minimum. Then, parameters of the optical fiber fusion splicer when the lowest fusion loss is caused can be found through testing the change condition of the fusion loss under different fusion parameters; and welding the single-core optical fiber bundle and the multi-core optical fiber by using the optimal parameters to obtain the lowest welding loss and higher welding strength.
Based on the above description of step 4, the parameter ranges of the optical fiber fusion splicer include: the pre-pushing distance of the optical fiber is 0-20 μm, the heating pushing distance is generally 1-20 μm, the heating time is generally 0.1-5 s, the heating temperature is 1500-3300 ℃, and the fire head offset distance is generally 0-50 μm.
It should be noted that the prepared average fusion loss of the multi-core fiber coupler based on the reverse tapering technique provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be less than 1 dB, or less than 0.5 dB, or less than 0.2 dB.
Based on the above descriptions of fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, in summary, the method for manufacturing a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technique according to the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the following advantages. The multi-core optical fiber is post-processed by a reverse tapering technique to enlarge the diameter of the fiber core, thereby enlarging the diameter of the mode field. Therefore, the multi-core optical fiber can realize high coupling efficiency in the process of aligning the cores of the multi-core optical fiber and the single-core optical fiber bundle on the other side, and the sensitivity of low loss to transverse displacement is reduced. The effect of lateral misalignment on loss can be reduced for alignment of a single core of a multicore fiber with one core of a bundle of single core fibers. For the overall alignment among a plurality of fiber cores, after most of the fiber cores are ensured to be aligned, even if the transverse dislocation of individual fiber cores caused by preparation errors exists, the sensitivity of each core to the transverse displacement is reduced after the multi-core optical fiber is subjected to reverse tapering, so that the high loss is not brought. Besides, the coupler performance is improved in at least two aspects: firstly, multicore optic fibre core interval increases, has reduced the coupling time, appears the possibility of intercore crosstalk. And secondly, the diameter of the multi-core fiber cladding is increased, the diameter of the single-core fiber bundle capillary is reduced, the diameters of the sections at the welding point are the same, and the mechanical strength and the long-term use stability are improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the multi-core optical fiber is a commercial seven-core optical fiber.
It should be noted that the multicore fiber has seven cores, wherein there is one core in the center, and six surrounding cores occupy six corners of a regular hexagon.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the single core optical fiber bundle is prepared by stacking seven single core optical fibers in the core arrangement of the multi-core optical fiber and fixing them in a glass capillary.
It should be noted that, when the multi-core fiber used in the embodiment of the present invention is another multi-core fiber having different numbers of cores and different core arrangement modes, a multi-core fiber coupler having low fusion loss, strong consistency of fusion loss of each core, high fusion strength, and suppression of lateral crosstalk during coupling can be prepared according to the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention after preparing the single-core fiber bundle taper on the other side. Preferably, however, embodiments of the present invention provide a commercially available seven-core optical fiber.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a multi-core fiber coupler based on a reverse tapering technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: stripping a coating layer of the multi-core optical fiber, cleaning the optical fiber, reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber by using an optical fiber tapering machine, and finishing cutting at the position with the largest cladding diameter; the parameter range of the reverse tapered multi-core fiber is as follows: the heating advancing distance is more than 0.5 mm; the heating temperature is 2000-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s; the swing speed of the heat source is 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is 0-20 cm;
step 2: carrying out the same pretreatment on a plurality of single-core optical fibers, and preparing a single-core optical fiber bundle according to the fiber core arrangement mode of the multi-core optical fiber; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
using CO2Removing a partial coating of the single-core optical fiber by laser processing, chemical corrosion or grinding and polishing;
the thermal core expanding technology is used, so that the doping of the fiber core is diffused to the nearby cladding, and the diameter of the fiber core is enlarged;
and step 3: stacking and fixing the single-core optical fiber bundle in a glass capillary, and melting and tapering by using an optical fiber tapering machine to enable each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of the capillary to be matched with each fiber core mode field, each fiber core position and the diameter of a cladding after reversely tapering the multi-core optical fiber bundle;
and 4, step 4: cutting the waist of the single-core optical fiber bundle, aligning the waist with one end of the maximum cladding diameter of the multi-core optical fiber, and completing fusion welding; and the cladding diameter of the multi-core fiber of the reverse tapered is 2-4 times of the diameter of the original multi-core fiber.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the glass capillary in step 3 is a quartz glass tube, a fluoride glass tube, or a borosilicate glass tube.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the parameters of the tapered single-core optical fiber bundle in the step 3 are in the following ranges: the heating and stretching distance is more than 0.5 mm; the heating temperature is 1400-3300 ℃; the heating time is more than 5 s; the swing speed of the heat source is 0-10 mm/s; the swing amplitude of the heat source is 0-20 cm.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the parameters of the fusion in step 4 are in the range of: the pre-pushing distance of the optical fiber is 0-20 mu m, the heating pushing distance is 1-20 mu m, the heating time is 0.1-5 s, the heating temperature is 1500-3300 ℃, and the fire head offset distance is 0-50 mu m.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the optical fiber tapering machine is heated in a manner that: flame heating, carbon dioxide laser heating, graphite heating or thermoelectric ceramic heating; wherein the flame heating mode is as follows: the hydrogen and the oxygen are combusted and heated, or the butane and the oxygen are combusted and heated.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the average fusion loss of each core of the multicore fiber is less than 1 dB.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the number of cores of the multicore fiber is not less than 2.
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| CN111552034A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-18 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Multi-core optical fiber MXN type multi-path beam splitter |
| CN112636838B (en) * | 2020-12-20 | 2022-05-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Short-distance multi-wavelength multimode communication system |
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| CN113325516B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-07-29 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber coupler and optical fiber coupling method |
| CN113534346B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-05-20 | 复旦大学 | Optical fiber mode field adapter assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN114035271A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 复旦大学 | Low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN114252966A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-29 | 复旦大学 | Multi-core optical fiber chip coupler for optical chip array coupling and preparation method thereof |
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