CN112421367A - Preparation method of optical fiber end face pump coupler based on sleeve method - Google Patents
Preparation method of optical fiber end face pump coupler based on sleeve method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112421367A CN112421367A CN202011311272.5A CN202011311272A CN112421367A CN 112421367 A CN112421367 A CN 112421367A CN 202011311272 A CN202011311272 A CN 202011311272A CN 112421367 A CN112421367 A CN 112421367A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
- H01S3/094019—Side pumped fibre, whereby pump light is coupled laterally into the fibre via an optical component like a prism, or a grating, or via V-groove coupling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2553—Splicing machines, e.g. optical fibre fusion splicer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094038—End pumping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
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Abstract
The preparation method of the optical fiber end face pump coupler based on the sleeve method comprises the steps of preparing an input signal optical fiber by a corrosion method, then preparing a pump optical fiber based on a tapering method, and bundling the input signal optical fiber and all the pump optical fibers by using the sleeve method to form an optical fiber bundle. And carrying out weak tapering on the optical fiber bundle, wherein the size of the fiber core of the input signal optical fiber is not changed in the whole weak tapering process. And cutting and flattening the end face of the optical fiber bundle, and then performing low-loss fusion with the output signal optical fiber. The invention can realize the pumping coupler based on the sizes of any signal fiber and pumping fiber, and improves the practical value of the pumping coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber lasers, in particular to a preparation method of an optical fiber end face pump coupler.
Background
Because of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, simple and convenient heat dissipation, good working stability and the like, the optical fiber laser is widely applied to the fields of industrial processing, medical treatment, national defense science and technology and the like at present. As the power of fiber lasers continues to increase, insufficient pumping capacity has become one of the key factors limiting the power increase. Therefore, it is important to develop a pump beam combiner capable of efficiently coupling pump power and ensuring the quality of signal light transmission beam.
Fiber pump couplers can be classified into two types according to the coupling mechanism: the end-pumped coupler couples pump power from the end of the signal fiber and the side-pumped coupler injects pump power through the side of the signal fiber.
Currently, the end-pumped coupler is the mainstream pumping mode of the industrial kw-level fiber laser, and it can be generally divided into N × 1 fiber end-coupler without signal fiber and (N +1) × 1 fiber end-coupler with signal fiber. In the process of manufacturing an end-pumped coupler containing a signal fiber, N multimode fibers are generally placed around a signal fiber in a close manner by various methods, and then fused and tapered, cut off from the middle of the tapered region, and fused with a double-clad fiber. The fiber-optic end-face coupler containing the signal fiber has the advantage of being used in a laser amplifier or backward pumping configuration.
The traditional (N +1) × 1 fiber-optic end-face coupler manufacturing scheme containing signal fiber is generally to directly taper the signal fiber and the pump fiber together to the size of the output fiber cladding, and then to weld them together, although this scheme is relatively simple, when the fiber bundle is tapered down, the signal fiber core inevitably becomes smaller in the same proportion, which results in the mismatch of the core mode fields of the input signal fiber and the output fiber, and thus causes the problems of the increase of the transmission loss of the signal light and the mode degradation. In addition, according to the method, for a specific output optical fiber, the sizes of the input optical fiber and the pumping optical fiber need to be selected to reduce the degree of mode field mismatching as much as possible and ensure the compactness of the optical fiber bundle, thereby greatly reducing the practicability of the beam combiner.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of transmission loss increase, mode degradation and the like caused by mismatching of a mode field of an optical fiber core of an output optical fiber due to the fact that an input optical fiber needs to be tapered in a traditional manufacturing scheme of an optical fiber end face coupler containing a (N +1) multiplied by 1 optical fiber, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical fiber end face pump coupler based on a sleeve method, which is a scheme capable of manufacturing the (N +1) multiplied by 1 optical fiber end face pump coupler according to any output optical fiber size, so that the signal insertion loss of a device is reduced, the beam quality is kept, and a fiber laser system with higher power and higher beam quality is realized.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the preparation method of the optical fiber end face pumping coupler based on the sleeve method comprises the following steps that the optical fiber types of an input signal optical fiber and an output signal optical fiber are the same, the first end of the input signal optical fiber is stripped from a coating layer with a certain length and then is corroded to form a waist cone end, the first end of the pumping optical fiber is stripped from the coating layer with a certain length and then is tapered to form the waist cone end, the input signal optical fiber and all the pumping optical fibers are bundled to form an optical fiber bundle by the sleeve method, the input signal optical fiber is located in the center of the optical fiber bundle, all the pumping optical fibers are in an annular shape and are uniformly attached to the periphery of the input signal optical fiber, and the corrosion degree of the first end of the input signal optical fiber and the tapering degree: the diameter of the waist-region end face of the waist cone end of the input signal optical fiber is the same as that of the waist-region end face of the waist cone end of the pump optical fiber, and the diameter of the end face of the optical fiber bundle is the same as that of the inner cladding layer of the input signal optical fiber after the coating layer is stripped. And cutting and flattening the end face of the optical fiber bundle, and then performing low-loss fusion with the output signal optical fiber.
Further, the method for grouping by using the sleeve method comprises the following steps: and the corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pumping optical fiber are bundled by using a glass tube with low refractive index. In order to make the bundled optical fiber bundle more compact, the shape and the size of the tube cavity of the glass tube are adapted to the shape and the size of the optical fiber bundle to be bundled, and one end of the glass tube is a waist cone end which corresponds to the waist cone end of the optical fiber bundle formed by bundling. The lumen size requirement of the glass tube meets: and after the corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pumping optical fiber are sleeved into the glass tube, the waist cone ends of the input signal optical fiber and the pumping optical fiber are tightly attached to the waist cone end of the glass tube and among the optical fibers in the glass tube.
Furthermore, after the optical fiber bundle formed by using the sleeve method is bundled, the glass tube containing the optical fiber bundle is subjected to weak tapering, so that the optical fiber bundle is fused tightly. The size of the fiber core of the input signal optical fiber is not changed in the whole weak tapering process. The diameter of the optical fiber bundle is kept unchanged in the weak tapering process, and the weak tapering has the function of ensuring that the optical fiber bundle is tightly fused at high temperature so as to facilitate subsequent fusion.
In order to ensure the mode field matching of the fiber cores of the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber of the beam combiner, the input signal optical fiber and the output signal optical fiber which are adopted by the invention have the same fiber type, and then the corrosion proportion of the input signal optical fiber and the tapering proportion of the pump optical fiber are determined according to the size of the inner cladding of the signal optical fiber, thereby ensuring the compactness of the subsequent optical fiber bundle.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the insertion loss caused by the mismatching of the mode fields of the fiber cores of the input signal fiber and the output signal fiber in the pump coupler, and simultaneously improves the beam quality characteristic of the system, so that the performance of the fiber laser system is improved.
The invention can realize the manufacture of the pump coupler based on the sizes of any signal optical fiber and any pump optical fiber by combining the tube method and the beam combination method based on the corrosion method of the input signal optical fiber and the tapering method of the pump optical fiber, thereby improving the practical value of the pump coupler.
In summary, the present invention provides a (N +1) × 1 fiber-end-face coupler manufacturing scheme containing signal fibers based on any output fiber size, which ensures that the mode field diameters of the input signal fiber and the output fiber of the fiber-end-face coupler are matched, reduces signal loss, and keeps the fiber mode from being degraded, thereby realizing a fiber laser with higher power and higher beam quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an etched input signal optical fiber according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tapered pump fiber in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bundle of etched input signal fibers and six tapered pump fibers in a low-index glass tube according to example 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pump coupler based on the ferrule method manufactured in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a method for preparing an optical fiber end face pump coupler based on a sleeve method, which is a method for manufacturing an (N +1) x 1 optical fiber end face coupler containing signal fibers based on any output optical fiber size. In this embodiment, taking a double-clad fiber with an inner diameter/outer diameter of 20/400 μm (NA ═ 0.06/0.46) and 6 double-clad fibers with a structure parameter of 220/242 μm (NA ═ 0.22) as examples, the manufacturing method of the fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method provided by the present invention is used to perform the manufacturing description of the (6+1) × 1 pump coupler, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) and manufacturing an input signal optical fiber.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an etched input signal optical fiber according to example 1; the optical fiber mainly comprises an input signal optical fiber 1, wherein the input signal optical fiber 1 adopts 20/400 μm (NA ═ 0.06/0.46) double-clad optical fiber, 11 is a coating layer of 20/400 μm (NA ═ 0.06/0.46) double-clad optical fiber, and 12 is an inner cladding of 20/400 μm (NA ═ 0.06/0.46) double-clad optical fiber. And 13 is a conical area formed by corrosion, and the length of the conical area is about 2 cm. And 14 is a waist region formed by etching and has a length of about 2 cm.
A section of 20/400 μm (NA 0.06/0.46) double-clad optical fiber was prepared, and after removing a coating layer having a length of about 10cm from one end of 20/400 μm (NA 0.06/0.46) double-clad optical fiber, etching was performed with hydrofluoric acid so that the core size was unchanged until the waist diameter in the waist cone formed by etching was reduced to 130 μm and the length of the cone after etching was about 2 cm. One end of the input signal optical fiber is reserved with a waist region with the length of 2cm by cutting the waist region, and the end face of the waist region end is flat.
2) And manufacturing the pumping optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tapered pump fiber in embodiment 1, which mainly includes a pump fiber 2, and the pump fiber 2 adopts 220/242 μm (NA ═ 0.22) double-clad fiber, where 21 is a taper length, 22 is a waist length, and 23 is a waist diameter 23.
A 220/242 μm (NA 0.22) double-clad optical fiber was prepared, and a coating layer having a length of about 5cm was stripped off from a 220/242 μm (NA 0.22) double-clad optical fiber, and the coated layer was wiped with absolute ethanol to ensure that the clad surface was clean. And then, tapering the section of which the coating layer is stripped by using an optical fiber tapering machine to form a waist tapered area, wherein the length 21 of the tapered area in the waist tapered area is 1.5cm, and the diameter 23 of the waist area is 130 mu m. The tapering process needs to ensure that the tapered area of the tapered optical fiber is smooth and the diameter of the waist area is uniform. After the tapering process is finished, a cutting knife is used for cutting in the waist region, one end of the pumping optical fiber is required to be kept in the waist region with the length of 2cm, and the end face of the waist region end is flat.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the bundle of the corroded input signal fiber and six tapered pump fibers in the low-refractive-index glass tube in example 1. The corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pump optical fiber are combined by using a glass tube 3 with low refractive index, the input signal optical fiber is positioned in the center of the optical fiber bundle, and all the pump optical fibers are in an annular shape and are uniformly attached to the periphery of the input signal optical fiber. The shape and size of the glass tube are matched with the shape and size of the optical fiber bundle to be bundled, and one end of the glass tube is a waist cone end which corresponds to the waist cone end of the optical fiber bundle formed by bundling. The lumen size requirement of the glass tube meets: and after the corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pumping optical fiber are sleeved into the glass tube, the waist cone ends of the input signal optical fiber and the pumping optical fiber are tightly attached to the waist cone end of the glass tube and among the optical fibers in the glass tube. After the optical fiber bundle formed by bundling by using a sleeving method, the glass tube containing the optical fiber bundle is subjected to weak tapering, so that 7 optical fiber bundles are tightly fused at high temperature to facilitate subsequent fusion splicing, and the size of a fiber core of an input signal optical fiber is not changed in the whole weak tapering process. And (3) cutting the end face of the waist end of the manufactured glass tube containing the optical fiber bundle to be flat by using a cutting knife, wherein the cutting angle is smaller.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pump coupler based on the ferrule method manufactured in example 1. The output signal fiber 4 is also 20/400 μm (NA 0.06/0.46) double-clad fiber. Wherein the output signal fiber 4 comprises a fiber coating 41 and a fiber cladding 42.
Firstly, the optical fiber coating 41 is stripped from one end of the output signal optical fiber 4 and the optical fiber coating is wiped clean, so that the optical fiber coating 42 is free of pollutants, the end of the output signal optical fiber 4 with the coating stripped is cut to be flat by a cutter, the length of the end with the coating stripped is about 2cm, and the end face quality is ensured to be good.
And (3) cutting the waist end face into smooth optical fiber bundles and glass tubes, setting corresponding parameters by using a fusion splicer, and fusing the optical fiber bundles and the glass tubes with the output signal optical fibers to obtain a complete pump coupler, wherein the fusion splicer ensures that fiber cores of the optical fiber bundles and the output signal optical fibers are aligned to reduce insertion loss and influence on the facula characteristics of the system.
In order to ensure the mode field matching between the input signal fiber and the output signal fiber of the (6+1) × 1 pump coupler, the input signal fiber and the output signal fiber of the end-face pump coupler in this embodiment have the same fiber type, and then the corrosion ratio to the input fiber and the tapering ratio to the pump fiber are determined according to the size of the inner cladding of the input signal fiber, and the size of the inner cladding of the corroded signal fiber should be the same as the size of the tapered waist of the tapered pump fiber, so as to ensure the compactness of the subsequent fiber bundle, and the size of the fiber bundle should be the same as the size of the inner cladding of the signal fiber. And sleeving the cut input signal optical fiber and the pump optical fiber into a low-refractive-index glass tube with good tapering for the second weak tapering, so as to enable the optical fiber to be fused at high temperature. The embodiment solves the problems of transmission loss increase, mode degradation and the like caused by the fact that the mode field of the core of the traditional (6+1) × 1 pump coupler is not matched with the mode field of the core of the output optical fiber due to the fact that the input optical fiber needs to be tapered.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the optical fiber end face pump coupler based on the sleeve method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the adopted optical fiber types of the input signal optical fiber and the output signal optical fiber are the same, the first end of the input signal optical fiber is stripped from a coating layer with a certain length and then is corroded to form a waist cone end, the first end of the pump optical fiber is stripped from a coating layer with a certain length and then is tapered to form a waist cone end, the input signal optical fiber and all the pump optical fibers are bundled to form an optical fiber bundle by using a sleeve method, the input signal optical fiber is positioned at the center of the optical fiber bundle, all the pump optical fibers are annular and are uniformly attached to the periphery of the input signal optical fiber, and the corrosion degree of the first end of the input signal optical fiber and the taper degree of the first end of the pump optical fiber: the diameter of the waist-region end face of the waist cone end of the input signal optical fiber is the same as that of the waist-region end face of the waist cone end of the pumping optical fiber, and the diameter of the end face of the optical fiber bundle is the same as that of the inner cladding layer of the input signal optical fiber after the coating layer is stripped; and cutting and flattening the end face of the optical fiber bundle, and then performing low-loss fusion with the output signal optical fiber.
2. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for grouping by using the sleeve method comprises the following steps: and the corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pumping optical fiber are bundled by using a glass tube with low refractive index.
3. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the shape and size of the glass tube are matched with the shape and size of the optical fiber bundle to be bundled, and one end of the glass tube is a waist cone end which corresponds to the waist cone end of the optical fiber bundle formed by bundling.
4. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the lumen size requirement of the glass tube meets: and after the corroded input signal optical fiber and the tapered pumping optical fiber are sleeved into the glass tube, the waist cone ends of the input signal optical fiber and the pumping optical fiber are tightly attached to the waist cone end of the glass tube and among the optical fibers in the glass tube.
5. The method for preparing a fiber end-pumped coupler according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: and after the optical fiber bundle is formed by using a sleeving method, performing weak tapering on the glass tube containing the optical fiber bundle to enable the optical fiber bundle to be fused tightly, wherein the size of the fiber core of the input signal optical fiber is not changed in the whole weak tapering process.
6. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: there are 6 pump fibers.
7. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the input signal fiber and the output signal fiber both adopt 20/400 mu m double-clad fibers, and the pump fiber adopts 220/242 mu m double-clad fibers.
8. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: after a certain length of coating layer is stripped from one end of the input signal optical fiber, the end face of the waist region end is flat, and the waist region is made to remain a certain length of waist region by cutting the waist region.
9. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: stripping a coating layer with a certain length on the pump optical fiber, and wiping the coating layer with absolute ethyl alcohol to ensure that the surface of the coating layer is clean; and then, tapering the section of which the coating layer is stripped by using an optical fiber tapering machine to form a waist tapered region, wherein the waist diameter in the waist tapered region is 130 mu m, and cutting the section at the waist region, wherein one end of the pump optical fiber is required to remain a certain length of the waist region and the end face of the waist region end is smooth.
10. The method for preparing the optical fiber end-face pump coupler based on the ferrule method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the optical fiber bundle is welded with the output signal optical fiber, the fiber core of the optical fiber bundle is aligned with the fiber core of the output signal optical fiber.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112903249A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-04 | 武汉睿芯特种光纤有限责任公司 | Cladding numerical aperture measuring device of double-cladding optical fiber |
| CN115166904A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-10-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Manufacturing method of optical fiber end surface pumping beam combiner with maintained beam quality |
| CN116247494A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-09 | 长沙大科光剑科技有限公司 | Single-mode fiber laser for filtering out high-order modes in cavity |
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| CN116247494A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-09 | 长沙大科光剑科技有限公司 | Single-mode fiber laser for filtering out high-order modes in cavity |
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