CN114035271A - Low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114035271A CN114035271A CN202111386739.7A CN202111386739A CN114035271A CN 114035271 A CN114035271 A CN 114035271A CN 202111386739 A CN202111386739 A CN 202111386739A CN 114035271 A CN114035271 A CN 114035271A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2552—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and a preparation method thereof. The multi-core optical fiber core matching assembly comprises: a first multicore fiber having a first core pitch; a second multicore fiber having a second core pitch; the first core spacing is greater than the second core spacing; one end of the second multi-core optical fiber is untreated, and the other end of the second multi-core optical fiber is provided with a reverse tapering structure of a tapered transition region and a waist region; the reverse tapering structure waist region end is provided with a fiber core interval larger than the second fiber core interval, the fiber core interval can be matched with the first fiber core interval, and then the reverse tapering structure waist region end is welded with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core interval. The multicore optical fiber core matching assembly can simply and effectively realize low-loss and low-crosstalk fusion between multicore optical fibers with different fiber core intervals, and promotes the development of a multicore optical fiber interconnection technology in a next generation space division multiplexing optical communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and particularly relates to a low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Compared with the traditional single-core single-mode fiber, the multi-core fiber can contain a plurality of fiber core channels in a single fiber cladding, and has the advantages of low cost, single channel, high channel integration level and large data transmission capacity. Therefore, the multi-core optical fiber has important potential application value in the aspects of space division multiplexing communication, data center connection, on-chip communication, next generation optical fiber amplifiers, optical sensing, quantum technology and the like. However, the optical fiber fusion technology with low loss and low crosstalk is a basic supporting technology for building and connecting optical fiber equipment, but the multi-core optical fiber fusion technology is far from mature.
Only a few documents report the progress of the multi-core fiber fusion splicing technology. For example, when two identical passive multicore fibers are fusion spliced, a low splice loss of about 0.1dB of average loss of each core can be achieved. However, since there is no uniform international standard for the design of multiple cores, many different types of multiple core fibers have been drawn by various fiber manufacturers. Even if the number of cores and the core profile shape of two multicore fibers are the same, the core size and the pitch may be greatly different due to design or manufacturing errors. In order to match the fiber cores of two multi-core fibers with different fiber core intervals, it has been proposed to perform forward tapering on one of the multi-core fibers with a larger fiber core interval, so as to reduce the fiber core interval and thereby achieve the matching of the fiber core intervals, however, the reduction of the fiber core interval will lead to the increase of crosstalk, and the reduction of the fiber core diameter in the same proportion will further lead to the failure of the fiber energy to be well bound in each fiber core, thereby generating larger coupling loss and crosstalk. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, how to splice two multicore fibers with unmatched core intervals in a low-loss and low-crosstalk manner by establishing a complete multicore fiber communication system becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, solve the problem of how to realize low-loss and low-crosstalk fusion of multi-core optical fibers with two different fiber core intervals, and provide a low-loss and low-crosstalk multi-core optical fiber core matching assembly and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly, which specifically comprises:
a first multicore optical fiber having a first core pitch;
a second multicore optical fiber having a second core pitch;
the first core pitch is greater than the second core pitch; wherein:
one end of the second multi-core fiber is untreated, the other end of the second multi-core fiber is provided with a reverse tapering structure with a tapered transition region and a waist region, and the waist region end of the reverse tapering structure is welded with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core interval.
In the invention, the number of the cores of the first multi-core fiber with the first core interval and the second multi-core fiber with the second core interval is N, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and the cores of the first multi-core fiber and the second multi-core fiber are in the same distribution and arrangement shape.
In the present invention, the first or second multicore optical fiber core pitch ranges from 5 μm to 80 μm.
In the invention, the reverse tapered structure end is a part of the second multicore fiber and has a fiber core interval larger than the second fiber core interval, so that the reverse tapered structure end can be matched and coupled with the multicore fiber with the first fiber core interval.
Further, after the core spacing matching coupling, the first or second multi-core fiber is optionally subjected to thermally induced core expansion according to the mode field matching requirement.
In the invention, the reverse tapering structure end is obtained by performing reverse tapering treatment on the second multi-core fiber with the second fiber core spacing by using an optical fiber tapering machine to form a tapered transition reverse tapering structure with gradually increasing cladding diameter and fiber core spacing, and then cutting the middle part of the waist region of the reverse tapering structure.
In the invention, the conical transition region of the reverse tapering structure meets the adiabatic transition condition, so that the energy in each core of the second multi-core optical fiber can be adiabatically converted from the untreated end to the waist end of the reverse tapering structure, and the distribution shape of the core is kept unchanged in the whole conical transition region and the waist.
In the invention, the multicore fiber core matching assemblies with different core pitches can be obtained by welding passive multicore fibers, active multicore fibers, weak coupling multicore fibers and strong coupling multicore fibers, and multicore fibers with different types of core pitches not matched with each other.
The preparation method of the low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a first multi-core fiber with a first fiber core interval and a second multi-core fiber with a second fiber core interval, wherein the first fiber core interval is larger than the second fiber core interval;
(2) carrying out reverse tapering treatment on the second multi-core fiber with the second fiber core diameter, so that the diameter of the waist region of the reverse tapering structure and the distance between the fiber cores are increased in the same proportion until the first multi-core fiber with the first distance between the fiber cores is matched with the distance between the fiber cores;
(3) cutting the reverse tapering structure of the second multi-core fiber obtained in the step (2) in a waist region by using a fiber cutter to obtain a second multi-core fiber with one end containing a tapered transition region and a tapering waist region structure;
(4) and (4) aligning the waist end of the second multi-core fiber reverse tapering structure obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core spacing, and then performing low-loss and low-crosstalk fusion.
The invention provides a multicore fiber core matching component with low loss and low crosstalk and a preparation method thereof, aiming at a first multicore fiber and a second multicore fiber with different fiber core intervals, reverse tapering processing is carried out on the second multicore fiber with smaller fiber core interval, so that a reverse tapering structure with a heat insulation conical transition area and a waist area can be formed locally, the diameter of a cladding and the fiber core interval in the waist area of the reverse tapering structure can be enlarged in equal proportion until the fiber core interval equal to that of the first multicore fiber is reached, and the waist end of the reverse tapering structure is welded with the first multicore fiber.
The invention can conveniently adjust the fiber core spacing of the multi-core fiber, simply and directly solves the multi-core coupling problem among different multi-core fibers, and the obtained multi-core fiber fusion point has the advantages of low loss, low crosstalk and high mechanical strength, and can powerfully promote the development of a multi-core fiber communication system.
The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of less process flow, high repeatability, lower cost and easiness in implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an end face structure diagram of a first multicore fiber (a) having a first core pitch and a second multicore fiber (b) having a second core pitch and a reverse taper structure waist end (c) in the second multicore fiber in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly prepared in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an end face structure diagram of a first multicore fiber (a) having a first core pitch and a second multicore fiber (b) having a second core pitch and a reverse taper structure waist end (c) in the second multicore fiber in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a core matching assembly of a multicore fiber with low loss and low crosstalk according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is a first multi-core fiber, 2 is a second multi-core fiber, 21 is an unprocessed end of the second multi-core fiber, 22 is a transition zone of a reverse tapering structure of the second multi-core fiber, and 23 is a waist zone end of the reverse tapering structure of the second multi-core fiber.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problem of large coupling loss between two multi-core fibers with different fiber core pitches, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-loss and low-crosstalk multi-core fiber core matching assembly, as shown in fig. 1.
Example 1: and the fiber cores of the two passive multi-core fibers with smaller fiber core distance difference are matched.
The two kinds of multicore fibers with different core pitches selected in this embodiment are respectively the first seven-core fiber 1 with the core pitch of d1 and the second seven-core fiber 2 with the core pitch of d 2. Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show end-face structures of seven-core optical fibers with two different core pitches, wherein fig. 2 (a) shows a first seven-core optical fiber with a core pitch d1=66 μm, fig. 2 (b) shows a second seven-core optical fiber with a core pitch d2=61 μm, and the core pitch d1 of the first seven-core optical fiber is slightly larger than the core pitch d2 of the second seven-core optical fiber.
In this embodiment, the fiber cores of the two types of seven-core optical fibers are arranged in a hexagonal distribution.
Although the core spacing difference of the two seven-core optical fibers is smaller than 5 μm, and the two seven-core optical fibers are directly subjected to center-aligned fusion, the low-loss coupling of about 0.1dB of the central core can be realized, but the fusion loss of the other six cores caused by the mismatch of the core spacing is as high as 5 dB.
In this embodiment, a fiber tapering machine is used to perform reverse tapering on the second seven-core fiber with a core pitch of 61 μm, so that the cladding diameter and the core pitch gradually increase until the core pitch increases to 66 μm, that is, the second seven-core fiber has a core pitch equal to that of the first seven-core fiber, and the tapering ratio is about 1.1 times. A fiber cleaver is then used to centrally cleave in the waist region of the reverse taper structure, which is understood to be a portion of the second heptacore optical fiber.
Wherein the tapered transition region 22 of the reverse tapered structure satisfies adiabatic transition conditions such that energy in each core of the second hepta-fiber can be adiabatically transferred from the untreated end 21 to the waist region end 23 of the reverse tapered structure, and the core profile shape remains constant throughout the tapered transition region and the waist region. The specific expression is that the optical energy loss caused by the whole reverse tapering process in the transmission of each fiber core is less than 0.1 dB.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c), the second seven-core optical fiber unprocessed end 21 is schematically shown in the cross-sectional view of fig. 2 (b) and the end waist region 23 of the reverse tapered structure is schematically shown in the cross-sectional view of fig. 2 (c). It can be seen that in the reverse tapering structure waist region end 23, the core arrangement shape is not changed, and the core pitch is increased from d2=61 μm of the untreated end 21 to d3=66 μm in proportion, so that d3= d1, and thus the one-to-one matching coupling of the reverse tapering structure waist region end of the second seven-core optical fiber and the cores of the first seven-core optical fiber can be achieved.
And aligning the waist end of the reverse tapering structure of the second seven-core optical fiber with the center of the first seven-core optical fiber, and then welding by using an optical fiber welding machine based on a graphite heating wire.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the prepared low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly, in which the middle is a welding point at the waist end of the reverse tapered structure of the first seven-core fiber and the second seven-core fiber, the left free end is the first seven-core fiber, the right free end is the second seven-core fiber, the average welding loss of the obtained 7 fiber cores is 0.17dB, and the crosstalk between adjacent fiber cores is less than-66 dB, so that the practical performance requirements can be met.
Example 2: the two passive multicore fibers with large core spacing are matched in core.
The two kinds of multicore fibers with different core pitches selected in this embodiment are respectively the first seven-core fiber 1 with the core pitch of d1 and the second seven-core fiber 2 with the core pitch of d 2. Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show end-face structures of seven-core optical fibers with two different core pitches, wherein fig. 4 (a) shows a first seven-core optical fiber with a core pitch d1=61 μm, fig. 4 (b) shows a second seven-core optical fiber with a core pitch d2=35 μm, and the core pitch d1 of the first seven-core optical fiber is much larger than the core pitch d2 of the second seven-core optical fiber.
In this embodiment, the fiber cores of the two types of seven-core optical fibers are arranged in a hexagonal distribution.
Because the core spacing of the two seven-core optical fibers is greatly different, direct low-loss coupling between the two multi-core optical fibers is difficult to realize. In this embodiment, a fiber tapering machine is used to perform reverse tapering on the second seven-core fiber with a core pitch of 35 μm, so that the cladding diameter and the core pitch gradually increase until the core pitch increases to 61 μm, that is, the second seven-core fiber has a core pitch equal to that of the first seven-core fiber, and the tapering ratio is 1.7 times. A fiber cleaver is then used to centrally cleave in the waist region of the reverse taper structure, which is understood to be a portion of the second heptacore optical fiber.
Wherein the tapered transition region 22 of the reverse tapered structure satisfies adiabatic transition conditions such that energy in each core of the second hepta-fiber can be adiabatically transferred from the untreated end 21 to the waist region end 23 of the reverse tapered structure, and the core profile shape remains constant throughout the tapered transition region and the waist region. The specific expression is that the optical energy loss caused by the whole reverse tapering process in the transmission of each fiber core is less than 0.1 dB.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 (b) and 4 (c), the cross-sectional view of the second seven-core optical fiber unprocessed end 21 is schematically shown in fig. 4 (b) and the cross-sectional view of the waist region end 23 of the reverse tapered structure is schematically shown in fig. 4 (c). It can be seen that in the reverse tapering structure waist region end 23, the core arrangement shape is not changed, and the core pitch is increased from d2=35 μm of the untreated end 21 to d3=61 μm in proportion, so that d3= d1, thereby achieving one-to-one matching coupling of the reverse tapering structure waist region end of the second seven-core optical fiber and the cores of the first seven-core optical fiber.
And aligning the waist end of the reverse tapering structure of the second seven-core optical fiber with the center of the first seven-core optical fiber, and then welding by using an optical fiber welding machine based on a graphite heating wire.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the prepared low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly, in which a welding point is formed at the waist end of the reverse tapered structure of the first seven-core fiber and the second seven-core fiber in the middle, the left free end is the first seven-core fiber, the right free end is the second seven-core fiber, the average welding loss of the obtained 7 fiber cores is 0.18dB, the crosstalk of the adjacent fiber cores is less than-68 dB, and the practical performance requirements can be met.
The above embodiment further provides a method for preparing a multicore fiber core matching component with low loss and low crosstalk, and as shown in fig. 6, a flow chart of the method for preparing a multicore fiber core matching component with low loss and low crosstalk specifically includes the following steps:
(1) obtaining a first multi-core fiber with a first fiber core interval and a second multi-core fiber with a second fiber core interval, wherein the first fiber core interval is larger than the second fiber core interval;
(2) carrying out reverse tapering treatment on the second multi-core fiber with the second fiber core diameter, so that the diameter of the waist region of the reverse tapering structure and the distance between the fiber cores are increased in the same proportion until the first multi-core fiber with the first distance between the fiber cores is matched with the distance between the fiber cores;
(3) cutting the reverse tapering structure of the second multi-core fiber obtained in the step (2) in a waist region by using a fiber cutter to obtain a second multi-core fiber with one end containing a tapered transition region and a tapering waist region structure;
(4) and (4) aligning the waist end of the second multi-core fiber reverse tapering structure obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core spacing, and then performing low-loss and low-crosstalk fusion.
The invention provides a multicore fiber core matching assembly with low loss and low crosstalk and a preparation method thereof, which can simultaneously realize low-loss and low-crosstalk coupling between a plurality of fiber cores of two different multicore fibers.
Finally, the above-described embodiments may be modified in various ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low loss, low crosstalk multicore optical fiber core matching assembly comprising:
a first multicore optical fiber having a first core pitch;
a second multicore optical fiber having a second core pitch;
the first core pitch is greater than the second core pitch; wherein:
one end of the second multi-core fiber is untreated, the other end of the second multi-core fiber is provided with a reverse tapering structure with a tapered transition region and a waist region, and the waist region end of the reverse tapering structure is welded with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core interval.
2. The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1, wherein the number of the first multicore fiber and the second multicore fiber is N, N is greater than or equal to 2, and the two multicore fiber cores are arranged in the same shape.
3. The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1, wherein said first or second multicore fiber core pitch ranges between 5 μ ι η and 80 μ ι η.
4. The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1, wherein said reverse tapered structure end is part of said second multicore fiber, having a waist end with a core pitch greater than the second core pitch, such that it can achieve matching coupling with said multicore fiber having the first core pitch. Further, after the core spacing is matched, the first or second multi-core fiber is optionally subjected to thermally induced core expansion according to the requirement of mode field matching.
5. The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1 or 3, wherein said reverse tapered structure end is obtained by reverse tapering said second multicore fiber having said second core pitch using a fiber tapering machine to form a reverse tapered structure with a tapered transition having a gradually increasing cladding diameter and core pitch, and then cutting centrally from a waist region of the reverse tapered structure.
6. The low-loss, low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1 or 4, wherein the tapered transition region of said reverse tapered structure satisfies adiabatic transition conditions such that energy in each core of said second multicore fiber can be adiabatically transferred from the untreated end to the end of said reverse tapered structure waist region, and the core profile shape remains constant throughout the tapered transition region and waist region.
7. The low-loss low-crosstalk multicore fiber core matching assembly of claim 1, wherein the multicore fiber core matching assemblies of different core pitches are obtained by fusion-splicing passive multicore fibers, active multicore fibers, weakly coupled multicore fibers, and strongly coupled multicore fibers, among which different types of core pitch mismatched multicore fibers are included.
8. A method for preparing the core matching component of the multicore optical fiber with low loss and low crosstalk according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining a first multi-core fiber with a first fiber core interval and a second multi-core fiber with a second fiber core interval, wherein the first fiber core interval is larger than the second fiber core interval;
(2) carrying out reverse tapering treatment on the second multi-core fiber with the second fiber core diameter, so that the cladding diameter of the waist region of the reverse tapering structure and the fiber core spacing are increased in the same proportion until the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core spacing is matched with the fiber core spacing;
(3) cutting the reverse tapering structure of the second multi-core fiber obtained in the step (2) in a waist region by using a fiber cutter to obtain a second multi-core fiber with one end containing a tapered transition region and a tapering waist region structure;
(4) and (4) aligning the waist end of the second multi-core fiber reverse tapering structure obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the first multi-core fiber with the first fiber core spacing, and then performing low-loss and low-crosstalk fusion.
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- 2021-11-22 CN CN202111386739.7A patent/CN114035271A/en active Pending
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| CN105093412A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-25 | 富通集团有限公司 | Multi-core optical fiber coupler and machining method thereof |
| JP2017167196A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Multicore optical fiber and method for designing multicore optical fiber |
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