CN110484729B - 一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法 - Google Patents
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110484729B CN110484729B CN201910729542.5A CN201910729542A CN110484729B CN 110484729 B CN110484729 B CN 110484729B CN 201910729542 A CN201910729542 A CN 201910729542A CN 110484729 B CN110484729 B CN 110484729B
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical group [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+].[S-]C#N PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- DTMHTVJOHYTUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanogen Chemical compound N#CSSC#N DTMHTVJOHYTUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFXTZKMYLJXJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;oxalonitrile Chemical compound [Cu].N#CC#N ZFXTZKMYLJXJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/20—Thiocyanic acid; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
- C22B15/0071—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐‑铜盐联合净化的方法,其步骤包括:向含氰贫液中加入锌盐,反应后过滤得锌盐沉淀与锌盐净化滤液;将所述锌盐沉淀焙烧,所得焙烧尾渣采用硫酸浸出,得到的硫酸浸出液采用铜萃取‑电积回收金属铜与锌;向所述锌盐净化滤液中加入铜盐和还原剂,并通入空气,反应后过滤得铜盐沉淀和铜盐净化滤液;向铜盐沉淀中加入氢氧化钠溶液转溶,然后过滤得碱转渣和碱转液;所述碱转渣用硫酸浸出,得到的浸出液经铜萃取‑电积回收金属铜,所述碱转液用于制备硫氰酸盐;所述铜盐净化滤液返回继续净化,或经过深度净化后达标排放。本发明提供的一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐‑铜盐联合净化的方法,处理成本低、环保安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域,特别涉及一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法。
背景技术
氰化法是目前广泛采用的提金方法之一,因其价廉,工艺简单,提金效率高而得到快速发展。提金后的尾液(即含氰贫液),通常含有较高总氰(包括游离氰与络合氰)和硫氰根;含氰贫液长时间于系统内循环使用(难以达标排放,处理成本高),导致其成份相对复杂,总氰与硫氰根浓度较高(≥5000mg/L)。同时,贫液中还含有可综合回收的有价金属铜和锌(>1g/L);其中,因循环使用所累积的铜-氰络合物会吸附于矿石颗粒表面,显著降低金的浸出率与浸出速率。若采用碳浆(浸)工艺提金则会产生铜-氰络合物与金-氰络合物竞争吸附于活性碳上,从而使得活性炭吸附容量与吸附效率显著降低。另外,氰化物及其衍生物对人体及水生动植物都是一种剧毒化合物,国际社会对其处理排放要求做了严格管控。因此,如何高效经济处理含氰贫液一直是黄金冶炼行业的难题。
目前对于含氰贫液的处理方法主要有净化法与回收法。净化法主要采用加入氧化剂,将氰根和硫氰根氧化为无毒的碳酸盐、二氧化碳、铵盐、硫酸盐和氮气等,从而达到净化含氰贫液的目的。如碱性氯化法、双氧水法、二氧化硫-空气法、微生物法、直接电解法和光催化降解法等。回收法主要利用氰根的物理化学性质,进行回收利用,如酸化回收法,树脂吸附,萃取等。对于高浓度的含氰贫液处理,净化法存在药剂使用量大,产生大量的沉淀渣,硫氰根无法回收利用,造成资源浪费,处理成本高等缺点。而酸化回收法存在工艺条件较为严苛,生产中副产大量的沉淀渣无法循环利用,酸化后的贫液需结合其他处理方法方能达标处理,树脂法和萃取法处理成本高,工艺条件严格,工艺复杂和成本较高从而限制了其工业应用。发明专利CN201410413121.9提出从含氰贫液中回收铜和锌的方法,即在酸性条件下铜、锌分别以硫氰化亚铜与硫化锌的形式回收利用。但是,酸性条件除铜存在安全隐患,处理后的含氰贫液中含有较高的总氰与硫氰根。发明专利CN201810551437.2通过两级酸化氧化,硫化除锌等方法净化含氰贫液,同样存在酸性条件下处理的弊端,在含有高浓度硫氰根(≥2000ppm)的条件下,所需化学氧化剂量大,成本较高,并且很难达到排放要求,同时在处理焙烧尾渣过程中存在对设备腐蚀的风险。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种处理成本低、环保安全的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
向含氰贫液中加入锌盐,控制pH在7~9,反应后过滤得锌盐沉淀与锌盐净化滤液;
将所述锌盐沉淀焙烧,所得焙烧尾渣采用硫酸浸出,得到的硫酸浸出液采用铜萃取-电积回收金属铜与锌;
向所述锌盐净化滤液中加入铜盐和还原剂,并通入空气,控制pH在8~14,反应后过滤得铜盐沉淀和铜盐净化滤液;
向铜盐沉淀中加入氢氧化钠溶液转溶,然后过滤得碱转渣和碱转液;所述碱转渣用硫酸浸出,得到的浸出液经铜萃取-电积回收金属铜,所述碱转液用于制备硫氰酸盐;
所述铜盐净化滤液返回所述含氰贫液中继续净化,或经过深度净化后达标排放
进一步地,所述锌盐沉淀作炼锌厂火法还原炼锌原料炼锌。
进一步地,所述铜盐净化滤液深度净化采用二氧化硫-空气法、氯氧化法、芬顿法或/和双氧水法净化。
进一步地,所述锌盐为硫酸锌、氯化锌、或硝酸锌,所述锌盐加入量为所述含氰贫液中总氰根摩尔量的0.8~1.5倍。
进一步地,所述锌盐沉淀焙烧温度为400~700℃,焙烧时间为1~4h。
进一步地,所述焙烧尾渣采用硫酸浸出的硫酸质量分数30%~98%,浸出温度为80~200℃,浸出时间为1~4h。
进一步地,所述锌盐净化滤液中加入的铜盐为硫酸铜、氯化铜、或硝酸铜,所述铜盐加入量为所述锌盐净化滤液中硫氰根摩尔量的1~1.5倍,所述锌盐净化滤液中加入的还原剂为亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、或二氧化硫,所述还原剂加入量为所述铜盐摩尔量的1~1.5倍。
进一步地,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度0.1~1mol/L,氢氧化钠溶液的加入量为与铜盐沉淀的质量比3~5:1。
进一步地,所述碱转渣用硫酸浸出的硫酸质量分数30%~98%,浸出温度为80~200℃,浸出时间为1~4h。
本发明提供的一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,利用锌盐净化去除含氰贫液中的氰根,用铜盐净化进一步对含氰贫液进行破氰及沉淀硫氰根,使得氰根与硫氰根分开处理,能够显著降低后续破氰所需试剂量。并且富集后的硫氰根可用于后续制备硫氰酸盐副产品,所加入的铜盐与锌盐试剂都能够以金属形式得到回收利用,增加了经济效益,降低了处理成本。同时,本发明提供的一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,净化过程中在碱性条件下进行反应,消除了目前酸性条件下存在的安全风险,不仅处理过程安全环保,而且处理工艺简单,处理成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本发明实施例提供的一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
首先,向含氰贫液中加入含氰贫液中总氰根摩尔量0.8~1.5倍的锌盐用于沉淀含氰贫液中的氰根,并将溶液的pH控制在7~9,在转速200~500rpm搅拌,室温下反应1~4h,然后过滤分离得锌盐沉淀(即锌盐净化渣)与锌盐净化滤液。其中,所述锌盐为硫酸锌,氯化锌,硝酸锌等可溶性锌盐,所述含氰贫液的成分(单位:ppm)如表1所示。
表1
该反应过程中主要涉及的反应方程式如下:
Zn2++2(CN-=Zn((CN)2↓ (1)
作为本发明的一种具体实施方式,所得锌盐沉淀进行焙烧,焙烧温度400~700℃,焙烧时间1~4h,再将焙烧尾渣使用质量分数30%~98%的硫酸,在80~200℃的温度下,进行浸出反应1~4h,反应后的浸出液进行铜萃取-电积,分别回收金属铜与锌。主要涉及的反应方程式如下:
2CuCN+Zn(CN)2+5.5O2=2CuO+ZnO+4CO2↑+2N2↑ (5)
3Zn2Fe(CN)6+23O2=Fe3O4+6ZnO+18CO2↑+9N2↑ (6)
CuO+ZnO+2H2SO4=CuSO4+ZnSO4+2H2O (7)
Cu2++2e-→Cu (8)
Zn2++2e-→Zn (9)
再按锌盐净化后所得滤液中所含硫氰根的含量,向锌盐净化后的滤液中加入硫氰根摩尔量1~1.5倍的铜盐,加入铜盐摩尔量1~1.5倍的还原剂,并控制pH在8~14,同时鼓入空气,反应1~4h,反应后过滤分离得铜盐沉淀(即铜盐净化渣)与铜盐净化滤液。其中所述铜盐为硫酸铜、氯化铜、或硝酸铜等可溶性铜盐,所述还原剂为亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、或二氧化硫等还原剂。主要反应方程式如下:
Cu2++2SCN-=CuSCN+(SCN)2 (13)
向所得铜盐净化渣中加入0.1~1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液转溶,氢氧化钠溶液的加入量为与所得铜盐净化渣的质量比3~5∶1,并在转速200~500rpm搅拌,在室温下进行转溶反应1~4h,得到碱转渣(主要成分氢氧化铜及其氧化物)和碱转液。碱转渣用质量分数30%~98%的硫酸浸出,在80~200℃的温度下,浸出反应1~4h,将得到的浸出液返回铜萃取-电积回收金属铜。所得碱转液可进行浓缩用于制备硫氰酸盐,如硫氰酸钠等盐。主要反应方程式如下:
CuSCN+OH-=CuOH↓+SCN- (14)
2CuOH+H2SO4=Cu+CuSO4+2H2O (15)
2Cu+2H2SO4+O2=2CuSO4+2H2O (16)
Cu2++2e-→Cu (17)
最后,将铜盐净化后所得滤液返回含氰贫液中继续进行如上述过程的净化工序,或经过二氧化硫-空气法,氯氧化法,芬顿法,或双氧水法深度净化方法,净化达标后直接排放。
当然,作为本发明的另一种具体实施方式,与上述净化过程不同的是,含氰贫液中加入锌盐净化反应后过滤得到的锌盐沉淀也可直接作为炼锌厂火法还原炼锌原料进行冶炼金属锌。
下面通过实施例对本发明提供的一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法做具体说明。
实施例1
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取1L含氰贫液,加入27.65g硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O),pH=8,转速300rpm,反应2h,过滤分离得锌盐净化渣(即锌盐沉淀)与滤液;
(2)将上述锌盐净化渣置于反应炉中,在550℃下焙烧2h,焙烧尾渣采用50%硫酸浸出,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间4h,铜浸出率达到98.56%,锌浸出率99.21%,浸出液送入后续铜萃取-电积回收金属铜与锌。
(3)向锌盐净化得到的滤液中加入23.57g硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O),9g亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3),鼓入空气,pH=9,反应2h,过滤得铜盐净化渣(即铜盐沉淀)与滤液。
(4)将铜盐净化渣采用0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液转溶,按液固质量比5∶1加入NaOH溶液,转速500rpm,转溶2h,硫氰根转溶率97.86%,得到转溶渣,转溶渣经过50%硫酸浸出,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间2h,铜浸出率达到99.21%,浸出液送入后续铜萃取-电积回收金属铜,转溶液用于浓缩制备硫氰酸钠副产品外售。
(5)向铜盐净化得到的滤液中加入双氧水1ml/L反应后,总氰降低至0.18ppm,硫氰根9.7ppm,铜离子浓度20ppm。
实施例2
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取1L含氰贫液,加入29.05g氯化锌,pH=7.5,转速400rpm,反应3h,过滤分离得锌盐净化渣与滤液。
(2)将上述锌盐净化渣放入反应炉中,在600℃下焙烧1.5h,焙烧渣采用60%硫酸浸出,浸出温度120℃,浸出时间1h,铜浸出率达到99.55%,锌浸出率97.21%,浸出液送入后续铜萃取-电积回收金属铜与锌。
(3)向锌盐净化得到的滤液中加入25.36g氯化铜,9g亚硫酸钠,鼓入空气,pH=9,反应4h,过滤得铜盐净化渣与滤液。
(4)将铜盐净化渣采用0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液转溶,按液固质量比4.5:1加入NaOH溶液,转速300rpm,转溶4h,硫氰根转溶率96.86%,得到铜盐转溶渣,铜盐转溶渣经过60%硫酸,浸出温度120℃,浸出时间1h,铜浸出率达到99.40%,浸出液送入后续铜电解,转溶液用于浓缩制备硫氰酸钠产品外售。
(5)铜盐净化得到的滤液加入亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠或焦亚硫酸钠2g/L,pH值8,反应4h后,总氰降低至0.2ppm,硫氰根6.8ppm,铜35ppm。
实施例3
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取1L含氰贫液,加入28.64g硝酸锌,pH=7.8,转速200rpm,反应4h,过滤分离得锌盐净化渣与滤液。
(2)将上述锌盐净化渣放入反应炉中,在700℃下焙烧1h,焙烧渣采用70%硫酸浸出,浸出温度90℃,浸出时间2h,铜浸出率达到97.56%,锌浸出率98.21%,浸出液送入后续铜电解。
(3)向锌盐净化液中加入23.57g硝酸铜,9g焦亚硫酸钠,鼓入空气,pH=9,反应2h,过滤得铜盐净化渣与滤液。
(4)将铜盐净化渣采用1mol/L的NaOH溶液转溶,按液固质量比3:1加入NaOH溶液,转速400rpm,转溶3h,硫氰根转溶率96.86%,得到铜盐转溶渣,铜盐转溶渣经过70%硫酸浸出,浸出温度100℃,浸出时间2.5h,铜浸出率达到99.21%,浸出液送入后续铜电解,转溶液用于浓缩制备硫氰酸钠产品外售。
(5)铜盐净化后的滤液加入加入2ml/L的次氯酸钠,pH值12,反应3h后,总氰降低至0.12ppm,硫氰根3.9ppm,铜28ppm。
实施例4
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取1L含氰贫液,加入27.65g硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O),pH=8,转速200rpm,反应2h,过滤分离得锌盐净化渣与滤液;
(2)将上述锌盐净化渣放入反应炉中,在650℃下焙烧2h,焙烧渣采用80%硫酸,浸出温度150℃,浸出时间1h,铜浸出率达到99.56%,锌浸出率98.38%,浸出液送入后续铜电解;
(3)向锌盐净化液中加入23.57g硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O),9g亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3),鼓入空气,pH=9,反应2h,过滤得铜盐净化渣与滤液。
(4)将铜盐净化渣采用0.8mol/L的NaOH溶液转溶,按液固质量比4:1加入NaOH溶液,转速350rpm,转溶3h,硫氰根转溶率96.86%,得到铜盐转溶渣,铜盐转溶渣经过80%硫酸,浸出温度150℃,浸出时间2h,铜浸出率达到99.21%,浸出液送入后续铜电解,转溶液用于浓缩制备硫氰酸钠产品外售。
(5)铜盐净化后的滤液加入硫酸亚铁2g/L,2ml双氧水,pH值3,温度50℃,反应2h后,总氰降低至0.15ppm,硫氰根7.3ppm,铜38ppm。
实施例5
一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取1L含氰贫液,加入28.64g硝酸锌,pH=7,转速200rpm,反应2h,过滤分离得锌盐净化渣与滤液。
(2)将上述锌盐净化渣烘干,磨碎过筛200目≥95%,置于密闭还原管式炉内,温度1000℃,反应8h,生成的锌蒸汽经过冷凝得金属锌,锌回收率≥99%。
(3)向锌盐净化液中加入23.57g硝酸铜,9g焦亚硫酸钠,鼓入空气,pH=9,反应2h,过滤得铜盐净化渣与滤液。
(4)将铜盐净化渣采用0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液转溶,按液固质量比5:1加入NaOH溶液,转速400rpm,转溶4h,硫氰根转溶率96.86%,得到铜盐转溶渣,铜盐转溶渣经过70%硫酸浸出,浸出温度200℃,浸出时间1h,铜浸出率达到99.21%,浸出液送入后续铜电解,转溶液用于浓缩制备硫氰酸钠产品外售。
(5)铜盐净化后的滤液加入双氧水1ml/L反应后,总氰降低至0.12ppm,硫氰根3.9ppm,铜28ppm。
最后所应说明的是,以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照实例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (8)
1.一种含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
向含氰贫液中加入锌盐,控制pH在7~9,反应后过滤得锌盐沉淀与锌盐净化滤液;
将所述锌盐沉淀焙烧,所得焙烧尾渣采用硫酸浸出,得到的硫酸浸出液采用铜萃取-电积回收金属铜与锌;
向所述锌盐净化滤液中加入铜盐和还原剂,并通入空气,控制pH在8~14,反应后过滤得铜盐沉淀和铜盐净化滤液;
向铜盐沉淀中加入氢氧化钠溶液转溶,然后过滤得碱转渣和碱转液;所述碱转渣用硫酸浸出,得到的浸出液经铜萃取-电积回收金属铜,所述碱转液用于制备硫氰酸盐;
所述铜盐净化滤液返回所述含氰贫液中继续净化,或经过深度净化后达标排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述铜盐净化滤液深度净化采用二氧化硫-空气法、氯氧化法、芬顿法或/和双氧水法净化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述锌盐为硫酸锌、氯化锌、或硝酸锌,所述锌盐加入量为所述含氰贫液中总氰根摩尔量的0.8~1.5倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述锌盐沉淀焙烧温度为400~700℃,焙烧时间为1~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述焙烧尾渣采用硫酸浸出的硫酸质量分数30%~98%,浸出温度为80~200℃,浸出时间为1~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述锌盐净化滤液中加入的铜盐为硫酸铜、氯化铜、或硝酸铜,所述铜盐加入量为所述锌盐净化滤液中硫氰根摩尔量的1~1.5倍,所述锌盐净化滤液中加入的还原剂为亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、或二氧化硫,所述还原剂加入量为所述铜盐摩尔量的1~1.5倍。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度0.1~1mol/L,氢氧化钠溶液的加入量为与铜盐沉淀的质量比3~5:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的含氰贫液碱性锌盐-铜盐联合净化的方法,其特征在于:所述碱转渣用硫酸浸出的硫酸质量分数30%~98%,浸出温度为80~200℃,浸出时间为1~4h。
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