CN110483503B - 具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005935 nucleophilic addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KVBWBCRPWVKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1 KVBWBCRPWVKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- DTELTOREECFDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(I)=C1 DTELTOREECFDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 imidazole carbene metal complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FEYDZHNIIMENOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 FEYDZHNIIMENOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KWVPRPSXBZNOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(C)=C1 KWVPRPSXBZNOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UNXISIRQWPTTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol Chemical compound [B].[B].CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O UNXISIRQWPTTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GGRHYQCXXYLUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCCl GGRHYQCXXYLUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZVYKVZXVRBCBTL-UHFFFAOYSA-K methylsulfanylmethane;trichlorogold Chemical compound CSC.Cl[Au](Cl)Cl ZVYKVZXVRBCBTL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)germane Chemical compound CC[Ge](Cl)(CC)CC CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(diphenoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[P+](=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxybenzene Chemical compound C=COC1=CC=CC=C1 NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001361 allenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSYLTRBDKXZSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Ag+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HSYLTRBDKXZSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
- B01J31/2269—Heterocyclic carbenes
- B01J31/2273—Heterocyclic carbenes with only nitrogen as heteroatomic ring members, e.g. 1,3-diarylimidazoline-2-ylidenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/12—Gold compounds
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/32—Esters thereof
- C07F9/3205—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/3229—Esters of aromatic acids (P-C aromatic linkage)
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/18—Gold
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及具有远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体、其合成方法及其金属配合物和应用。
背景技术
在过去的十几年中,均相金催化反应已发展成为有机化学中一个重要的研究领域。金催化剂作为一种软的路易斯酸,可以高效地活化炔烃、联烯等生成活泼金物种,随后发生进一步的转化,可以催化环化反应、重排反应、亲核加成反应等。基于咪唑的N-杂环卡宾是一类在很多反应中通用的催化剂,可作为过渡金属催化剂的配体。目前与金属配位形成配合物作为催化剂的卡宾,除了IMesHCl、IPrHCl等经典卡宾外,只存在手性卡宾[Check,C.T,Ferrocene-Based Planar Chiral Imidazopyridinium Salts for Catalysis,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2015,54:4264-4268.]。在炔烃的亲核加成中,卡宾金催化剂先活化炔烃,形成一价金络合物金络合物(卡宾-金-炔烃)的独特线性结构,随后与亲核试剂反应。由于卡宾-金-炔烃络合物的线性性质,配体与亲核试剂之间存在空间障碍,距离太远难以调控。目前存在的卡宾金催化剂并未考虑并解决这个问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足,本案提供了一种具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体、其合成方法及其金属配合物和应用,以提供能够通过简单的合成路线实现合成的催化剂,并确保其对炔烃亲核加成反应具有非常高的催化活性。
为解决上述问题,本发明的技术方案是:
第一方面,本发明提供了具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体,其为式(1)所述的化合物,
第二方面,本发明提供了所述具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
将式(G)所示的卡宾盐和式(C)所示的化合物,在四三苯基膦钯、碳酸钠的作用下,在乙二醇二甲醚和水的混合溶剂中,80~100℃下反应4~12h,得到反应混合液经后处理得到式(1)所示的目标产物;所述的式(G)所示的卡宾盐、式(C)所示的化合物、四三苯基膦钯、碳酸钠的物质的量之比为1:1~1.5:0.1~0.3:1~1.5;
进一步,所述的乙二醇二甲醚和水的体积比为2~4:1。
进一步,所述的乙二醇二甲醚和水的混合溶剂的加入量以所述的式(G)所示的卡宾盐的物质的量计为4mL/mol。
进一步,所述的反应混合液的后处理方法为:向所述的反应混合液中加入二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,旋干过柱,以体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到式(1)所示的目标产物。
进一步,所述的式(C)所示的化合物的制备方法为:
(1)将式(A)所示的3-碘苯甲酸和草酰氯在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的催化下,在二氯甲烷中反应4h,得到反应液A,旋干蒸除溶剂,然后真空干燥得到3-碘苯甲酰氯;所述的式(A)所示的3-碘苯甲酸、草酰氯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的物质的量之比为1:2~3:0.05~0.3;
(2)将3-碘苯甲酰氯和四氢吡咯、三乙胺在氮气保护下,在二氯甲烷中反应1h,得到反应液B经后处理得到式(B)所示的酰胺;所述的3-碘苯甲酰氯和四氢吡咯、三乙胺的物质的量之比为1:1~2:2~3;
(3)在氮气保护下,在二甲基亚砜中,将式(B)所示的酰胺和联硼酸频那醇酯在[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯、醋酸钾作用下,在80~120℃下反应12~18h,得到反应液C经后处理得到式(C)所示的化合物;所述的式(B)所示的酰胺、联硼酸频那醇酯、[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯、醋酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.1~1.5:0.02~0.05:2~5;
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的3-碘苯甲酸的物质的量计为5mL/mol。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的3-碘苯甲酸的物质的量计为6mL/mol。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述的反应液B的后处理方法为:向所述的反应液B中加入水和二氯甲烷,萃取,合并有机相,干燥,旋干,以体积比为10:1–2:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂,经柱色谱分离得到式(B)所示的酰胺。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的二甲基亚砜的加入量以所述的式(B)所示的酰胺的物质的量计为2mL/mol。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的反应液C的后处理方法为:将所述的反应液C用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相然后用饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干经柱色谱分离,以体积比为20:1-5:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到式(C)所示的化合物。
本发明所述式(G)所示的卡宾盐的制备方法具体按照如下步骤进行制备:
a在氮气保护下,-78℃下,在干燥四氢呋喃中,将式(D)所示的2,6-二溴吡啶和正丁基锂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺在-78℃下反应50min,得到反应液D经后处理得到式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛;所述的式(D)所示的2,6-二溴吡啶和正丁基锂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的物质的量之比为1:1~1.3:1~2;
b.将式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛和2,4,6-三甲基苯胺在无水乙醇中回流反应6h,冷却,结晶析出式(F)所示的亚胺;所述的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛和2,4,6-三甲基苯胺的物质的量之比为1:1~1.2;
c.黑暗条件下,将式(F)所示的亚胺与特戊酸氯甲酯、三氟甲磺酸银在二氯甲烷中,在45℃下反应17h,得到反应液E经后处理得到式(G)所示的卡宾盐;所述的亚胺与特戊酸氯甲酯、三氟甲磺酸银的物质的量之比为1:1~1.5:1~1.5;
进一步,步骤a中,所述的四氢呋喃的加入量以所述的2,6-二溴吡啶的物质的量计为5mL/mol。
进一步,步骤a中,所述的反应液D的后处理方法为:向所述的反应液D中加入10%wt的盐酸至酸性,再加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液至碱性,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相用盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,经柱色谱分离,以体积比80:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛。
进一步,步骤b中,所述的无水乙醇的加入量以所述的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛的物质的量计为2mL/mol。
进一步,步骤c中,所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的式(F)所示的亚胺的物质的量计为4mL/mol。
进一步,步骤c中,所述的反应液E的后处理方法为:将所述的反应液E旋干,然后用二氯甲烷/乙醚重结晶得到式(G)所示的卡宾盐。
第三方面,本发明提供了如式(2)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物,所述的配合物是由式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体与金形成,
第四方面,本发明所述的式(2)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物按照如下方法进行制备:
氮气保护下,将式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体加入重蒸四氢呋喃,-78℃下加入双三甲基硅基胺基锂,搅拌0.5~2h,加入二甲基硫醚氯化金,搅拌反应10~16h,得到反应混合物旋干过柱,以体积比为40:1-20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇混合液为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到式(2)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物;所述的式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体与双三甲基硅基胺基锂、二甲基硫醚氯化金的物质的量之比为1:1~1.5:0.95~1.05;
进一步,所述重蒸四氢呋喃的加入量以所述的式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体的物质的量计为10mL/mol。
本发明提供了具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物作为催化剂在催化环化反应、重排反应、亲核加成反应中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种新型咪唑类卡宾配体及其金属配合物的合成路线,实现了炔烃亲核加成的简单高效反应。这种NHC-Au催化剂既具有以金为中心的Lewis酸活化中心,同时又具有以碱性基团为中心的碱活化中心,利用一价金络合物(配体-金-底物)的独特线性结构能形成受阻Lewis酸碱对,从而实现碱性官能团和亲核试剂或底物之间的有益相互作用,达到催化体系对反应过渡态的双重协同活化作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
咪唑类卡宾配体,其为式(1)所述的化合物
该化合物采用如下方法制备得到:
第一步:3-碘苯甲酸(A)(10mmol)溶于50mL二氯甲烷,加入草酰氯(2.5equiv)和3滴N,N-二甲基甲酰胺室温下搅拌4小时。旋转蒸发混合物,真空干燥,得到产物3-碘苯甲酰氯。氮气保护下,3-碘苯甲酰氯,再次溶于50mL二氯甲烷中并冰浴冷却。将含有15mmol四氢吡咯(1.5equiv)和20mmol Et3N(2equiv)的10mL二氯甲烷溶液缓慢滴加,然后并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌。1小时后,加入用50mL水和100mL二氯甲烷,有机相分离干燥,旋干,以以体积比为10:1–2:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,柱色谱分离得到酰胺(B)。
白色固体,产率95%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.73-7.69(m,1H),7.45–7.42(m,1H),7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.59(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.37(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.96–1.90(m,2H),1.88–1.82(m,2H).
第二步:在氮气保护下,加入5mmol酰胺(B)和5.5mmol联硼酸频那醇酯(1.1equiv)、0.15mmol的[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(3mol%)、15mmol醋酸钾(3equiv)以及10mL二甲基亚砜,80℃下过夜反应,将反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相然后用饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干经柱色谱分离,以体积比为20:1-5:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到(C)。
橙色油状物,产率81%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(s,1H),7.78(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.53(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.57(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.35(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.92–1.84(m,2H),1.82–1.76(m,2H),1.27(d,J=1.8Hz,12H).
第三步:在氮气保护下,10mol 2,6-二溴吡啶溶于50mL重蒸四氢呋喃,-78℃下,滴加10mol正丁基锂(1equiv),继续搅拌10分钟,加入12mol N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1.2equiv),继续搅拌20分钟。升至-40℃,加入10%wt的盐酸至酸性,再加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液至碱性,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相用盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,经柱色谱分离,以体积比80:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为洗脱剂收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛。
白色固体,产率42%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.98(s,1H),7.91(dd,J=7.2,1.1Hz,1H),7.78–7.70(m,2H).
第四步:3mmol的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛溶于6mL无水乙醇,滴加3.15mmol的2,4,6-三甲基苯胺(1.05equiv),回流6小时,冷却,固体析出,抽滤得到亚胺(F)。
黄色固体,产率83%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29(s,1H),8.27(dd,J=7.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.72–7.68(m,1H),7.60(dd,J=7.8,0.8Hz,1H),6.92(s,2H),2.31(s,3H),2.14(s,6H).
第五步:7mmol三氟甲磺酸银(1.4equiv)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,加入7mmol特戊酸氯甲酯(1.4equiv)、在室温下黑暗中搅拌45分钟,硅藻土过滤,滤液加入5mmol亚胺(F)溶液中,黑暗中搅拌17小时,旋干,二氯甲烷/乙醚重结晶得到卡宾盐(G)。
褐色固体,产率53%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ10.34(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),8.58(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.33(dd,J=9.2,7.2Hz,1H),7.20(s,2H),7.03(s,1H),2.38(s,3H),2.05(s,6H).
第六步:氮气保护下,2mmol卡宾盐(G)和0.08mmol四三苯基膦钯(4mol%)于8mL乙二醇二甲醚中,室温搅拌30分钟,加入2.1mmol碳酸钠(1.05equiv)于2mL水中,加入2.1mmolC(1.05equiv),反应4小时后加入10mL水,二氯甲烷萃取,旋干过柱,以体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到偶联产物(1)。
白色固体,产率30%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ9.98(s,1H),8.49(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.00-7.97(m,2H),7.94-7.91(m,1H),7.78-7.76(m,1H),7.52-7.50(m,1H),7.33-7.31(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.16(s,2H),3.49(t,J=6.5Hz),2.35(s,3H),2.03(s,6H),1.92-1.79(m,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO)δ167.17,140.34,138.04,135.19,134.34,131.76,131.29,131.12,130.11,129.30,129.05,127.77,126.54,125.66,118.61,117.74,115.52,48.82,46.06,25.97,23.90,20.54,16.95.
实施例2
咪唑类卡宾金配合物的合成
氮气保护下,1mmol式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体加入5mL重蒸四氢呋喃,-78℃下加入1.2mmol双三甲基硅基胺基锂(1.2equiv),搅拌半小时,加入0.95mmol二甲基硫醚氯化金(0.95equiv),搅拌16小时,旋干过柱,以体积比为40:1-20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇的混合液为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到卡宾金催化剂(2)。
淡黄色固体,产率50%,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ8.06(s,1H),7.76–7.72(m,2H),7.69–7.65(m,2H),7.54(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.16(dd,J=9.2,6.7Hz,1H),7.07(s,2H),6.74(dd,J=6.6,1.1Hz,1H),3.69(dd,J=28.3,6.4Hz,2H),3.45(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.31(s,3H),1.93(d,J=4.9Hz,6H),1.84(dd,J=13.6,6.7Hz,2H),1.79–1.69(m,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO)δ167.35,162.49,138.92,137.52,137.22,136.30,134.72,133.97,131.60,131.12,128.90,128.71,128.62,128.48,123.17,118.16,116.98,114.23,54.87,49.21,46.01,26.02,23.87,20.62,17.25.
实施例3
卡宾金催化剂(2)催化苯乙炔与二苯基膦酸反应生成苯基乙烯基醚。
氮气保护下,0.006mmol卡宾金催化剂(3mol%)、0.012mmol双三氟甲烷磺酸亚胺银盐(6mol%)、0.2mmol二苯基膦酸、0.4mmol苯乙炔在1,2-二氯乙烷中,50℃下反应12小时,得到苯基乙烯基醚产物,产率67%。
淡黄色固体,检测结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93-7.88(m,4H),7.61–7.53(m,4H),7.49-7.45(m,4H),7.38–7.34(m,3H),5.23(dd,J=2.8,2.2Hz,1H),5.18(dd,J=2.9,1.9Hz,1H).
实施例4
经典卡宾金催化剂催化苯乙炔与二苯基膦酸反应(对比实施例)
基本不反应。
Claims (10)
3.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的乙二醇二甲醚和水的体积比为2~4:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的乙二醇二甲醚和水的混合溶剂的加入量以所述的式(G)所示的卡宾盐的物质的量计为4mL/mol。
5.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的反应混合液的后处理方法为:向所述的反应混合液中加入二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,旋干过柱,以体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇的混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到式(1)所示的目标产物。
6.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的式(C)所示的化合物的制备方法为:
(1)将式(A)所示的3-碘苯甲酸和草酰氯在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的催化下,在二氯甲烷中反应4h,得到反应液A,旋干蒸除溶剂,然后真空干燥得到3-碘苯甲酰氯;所述的式(A)所示的3-碘苯甲酸、草酰氯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的物质的量之比为1:2~3:0.05~0.3;所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的3-碘苯甲酸的物质的量计为5mL/mol;
(2)将3-碘苯甲酰氯和四氢吡咯、三乙胺在氮气保护下,在二氯甲烷中反应1h,得到反应液B,向所述的反应液B中加入水和二氯甲烷,萃取,合并有机相,干燥,旋干,以体积比为10:1–2:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂,经柱色谱分离得到式(B)所示的酰胺;所述的3-碘苯甲酰氯和四氢吡咯、三乙胺的物质的量之比为1:1~2:2~3;所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的3-碘苯甲酸的物质的量计为6mL/mol;
(3)在氮气保护下,在二甲基亚砜中,将式(B)所示的酰胺和联硼酸频那醇酯在[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯、醋酸钾作用下,在80~120℃下反应12~18h,得到反应液C用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相然后用饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干经柱色谱分离,以体积比为20:1-5:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到式(C)所示的化合物;所述的式(B)所示的酰胺、联硼酸频那醇酯、[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯、醋酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.1~1.5:0.02~0.05:2~5;所述的二甲基亚砜的加入量以所述的式(B)所示的酰胺的物质的量计为2mL/mol;
7.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述式(G)所示的卡宾盐的制备方法具体按照如下步骤进行制备:
a.在氮气保护下,-78℃下,在干燥四氢呋喃中,将式(D)所示的2,6-二溴吡啶和正丁基锂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺在-78℃下反应50min,得到反应液D经后处理得到式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛;所述的式(D)所示的2,6-二溴吡啶和正丁基锂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的物质的量之比为1:1~1.3:1~2;所述的四氢呋喃的加入量以所述的2,6-二溴吡啶的物质的量计为5mL/mol;所述的反应液D的后处理方法为:向所述的反应液D中加入10%wt的盐酸至酸性,再加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液至碱性,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相用盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,经柱色谱分离,以体积比80:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯混合溶剂为洗脱剂收集含目标产物的洗脱液,蒸除溶剂得到式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛;
b.将式(E)所示的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛和2,4,6-三甲基苯胺在无水乙醇中回流反应6h,冷却,结晶析出式(F)所示的亚胺;所述的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛和2,4,6-三甲基苯胺的物质的量之比为1:1~1.2;所述的无水乙醇的加入量以所述的6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛的物质的量计为2mL/mol;
c.黑暗条件下,将式(F)所示的亚胺与特戊酸氯甲酯、三氟甲磺酸银在二氯甲烷中,在45℃下反应17h,得到反应液E经后处理得到式(G)所示的卡宾盐;所述的亚胺与特戊酸氯甲酯、三氟甲磺酸银的物质的量之比为1:1~1.5:1~1.5;所述的二氯甲烷的加入量以所述的式(F)所示的亚胺的物质的量计为4mL/mol;所述的反应液E的后处理方法为:将所述的反应液E旋干,然后用二氯甲烷/乙醚重结晶得到式(G)所示的卡宾盐;
9.一种如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物按照如下步骤合成:
氮气保护下,将式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体加入重蒸四氢呋喃,-78℃下加入双三甲基硅基胺基锂,搅拌0.5~2h,加入二甲基硫醚氯化金,搅拌反应10~16h,得到反应混合物旋干过柱,以体积比为40:1-20:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇混合液为洗脱剂,收集含目标产物的洗脱液,得到式(2)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物;所述的式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体与双三甲基硅基胺基锂、二甲基硫醚氯化金的物质的量之比为1:1~1.5:0.95~1.05;所述的重蒸四氢呋喃的加入量以所述的式(1)所示的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾配体的物质的量计为10mL/mol。
10.一种如权利要求8所述的具有酰胺远程碱性官能团的咪唑类卡宾金属配合物作为催化剂在炔烃的亲核加成反应中的应用。
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