CN110476846A - A method of rainbow trout is cultivated using Chinese herbal medicine - Google Patents
A method of rainbow trout is cultivated using Chinese herbal medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110476846A CN110476846A CN201910910361.2A CN201910910361A CN110476846A CN 110476846 A CN110476846 A CN 110476846A CN 201910910361 A CN201910910361 A CN 201910910361A CN 110476846 A CN110476846 A CN 110476846A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241001327682 Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000277275 Oncorhynchus mykiss Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000009431 guipi Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000169544 Duchesnea indica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000009636 Huang Qi Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000001008 Dimocarpus longan Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001619461 Poria <basidiomycete fungus> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, belong to aquaculture technical field, guipi decoction, 1 ‰ -10 ‰ sweet wormwood and the Chinese medicinal formulae of 1 ‰ -10 ‰ mock-strawberry that mass fraction is 0.5%-4% are added in feed, the Chinese medicinal formulae is powder reagent or liquid reagent, the Chinese medicinal formulae is uniformly mixed with feed ingredient and prepares feed, timing is repeatedly fed daily;It is obviously improved by the meat of experimental data rainbow trout, and illness rate is substantially reduced;It can promote rainbow trout growth by the feed for nursing of rule, improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce costs, improve output ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture technical field, specially a kind of method using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout.
Background technique
Rainbow trout belongs to a kind of salmon that salmon shape mesh salmonidae Pacific Ocean salmon belongs to.It inhabites depth: 0~5 meter, being described as " ginseng in water ".
It is good at jumping, draws from Western North America and grow to many countries.It dwells in lake and torrent, body colour is bright-coloured.Small blackspot, side are furnished on body
There is a red zone, such as rainbow, hence obtain one's name " rainbow trout ".
China rainbow trout annual requirement is ten thousand tons about more than 20 at present, and annual output is less than 50,000 tons, quick with national economy
The continuous improvement of development and living standards of the people, it is contemplated that every year can be with 35%~40% rate delivery to the demand of cold water fish
Increase, insufficiency of supply-demand is big, relies primarily on import.Therefore, from the point of view of domestic and international market demand, the development space of rainbow trout is cultivated very
Greatly, market prospects are very good.
In current rainbow trout breeding process, in order to improve rainbow trout disease resistance and survival rate, often added in feed
The chemicals such as Multiple Classes of Antibiotics will lead to there is many medicament residues in the flesh of fish in this way, and it is also right while meat quality of fish to influence
Human health exerts a certain influence.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned background technique difficult, a kind of side using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout is provided
Method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of use are as follows: a method of rainbow trout is cultivated using Chinese herbal medicine: in feed
Guipi decoction, 1 ‰ -10 ‰ sweet wormwood and the Chinese medicinal formulae of 1 ‰ -10 ‰ mock-strawberry that mass fraction is 0.5%-4% are added, it is described
Chinese medicinal formulae is powder reagent or liquid reagent, and the Chinese medicinal formulae is uniformly mixed with feed ingredient and prepares feed, is often preordained
Shi Duoci is fed, and it is related to fed rainbow trout gross mass to feed weight.
Further, the guipi decoction group becomes two parts of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, two parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, two parts of PORIA ALBA, two parts of Radix Astragali, arillus longan two
Part, two parts of Radix Polygalae, two parts of semen ziziphi spinosae, radix aucklandiae portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae portion and four parts of ginseng.
Further, the Radix Astragali, semen ziziphi spinosae and Radix Glycyrrhizae are required to first frying.
Further, the guipi decoction obtains guipi decoction leaching liquor by extraction.
Further, it is 1.0%-2.0% that guipi decoction mass fraction is added in feed.
Further, the sweet wormwood is powder, and addition sweet wormwood mass fraction is 4 ‰ in feed.
Further, the mock-strawberry is leaching liquor, and addition mock-strawberry mass fraction is 6 ‰ in feed.
Further, the feed is prepared as graininess, the feed granules diameter 3-5mm.
Further, Feeding time is daily 7:00,12:00,17:00,22:00;Daily feeding volume is by rainbow trout gross weight in pond
2%-10% calculate, and increased and decreased in due course according to season, weather, food situation, to be advisable after feeding 1.5 hours without residual bait.
Using the above scheme have the beneficial effect that it is this using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout method returns spleen is added in feed
Soup, sweet wormwood and mock-strawberry are obviously improved, and rainbow after feeding a period of time by the meat that experimental data obtains rainbow trout
The illness rate of trout is substantially reduced;It can promote rainbow trout growth by the feed for nursing of rule, improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce
Cost, improves output ratio.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence of the guipi decoction water extract to rainbow trout muscle histology structure.
In figure, A is 0% group;B is 0.5% group;C is 1% group;D is 2% group;E is 4% group.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, the example is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.In the following description when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the phase in different attached drawings
Or same element identical with digital representation.
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, every other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The guipi decoction group becomes two parts of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, two parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, two parts of PORIA ALBA, two parts of Radix Astragali, two parts of arillus longan, Radix Polygalae
Two parts, two parts of semen ziziphi spinosae, radix aucklandiae portion, Radix Glycyrrhizae portion and four parts of ginseng, wherein Radix Astragali, semen ziziphi spinosae and Radix Glycyrrhizae need before preparation
Frying is first carried out, guipi decoction leaching liquor is obtained by extraction.Sweet wormwood obtains powder after crushing, and mock-strawberry is soaked by extraction
Extract.The sweet wormwood that mass fraction is 4 ‰ and the mock-strawberry that mass fraction is 6 ‰, mixed equilibrium are added in feed.
Add the returns spleen that mass fraction is 0% (control group), 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% respectively in feed
Soup leaching liquor.The particle of diameter 3-5mm is made after mixing with feed, feeds in four times daily, Feeding time 7:00,
12:00,17:00,22:00;Daily feeding volume is calculated by the 2%-10% of rainbow trout gross weight in pond, and according to season, weather, food
Situation increases and decreases in due course, to be advisable after feeding 1.5 hours without residual bait.The initial weight of rainbow trout is about 150g, often feeds and stops within 8 weeks to feed one
Week rainbow trout growth situation is observed, adjusts feed formula.
Embodiment 2
Influence of the 1 guipi decoction flooding extract of table to rainbow trout growth performance
Note: being indicated between different lowercase person expression groups in colleague has significant difference (P < 0.05).
Can be obtained by 1 data of table: survival rate, specific growth rate, rate of body weight gain are not significantly different (P > 0.05) between each group.
Embodiment 3
Influence (g/100g fresh weight) of the 2 guipi decoction flooding extract of table to rainbow trout nutritive composition in muscle
Note: being indicated between different lowercase person expression groups in colleague has significant difference (P < 0.05).
Can be obtained by 2 data of table: between each group muscle moisture, crude protein, crude fat, content of ashes without notable difference (P >
0.05)。
Embodiment 4
The influence (dry matter, g/kg) that 3 guipi decoction water extract of table forms rainbow trout muscle amino acid
Note: colleague indicates that difference is not significant (P > 0.05) without letter or data shoulder mark same letter, different lowercase alphabets
Show significant difference (P < 0.05).
It can be obtained by 3 data of table: 1% group of always essential amino acids content, total non-essential amino acid content, Fresh ear field content
Highest is showed with total amino acid content, wherein total non-essential amino acid content, Fresh ear field content and total amino acid content
It is all remarkably higher than 0%, 0.5% and 4% group (P < 0.05).
Embodiment 5
The influence (dry matter, g/kg) that 4 guipi decoction water extract of table forms rainbow trout muscle fatty acid
Note: colleague indicates that difference is not significant (P > 0.05) without letter or data shoulder mark same letter, different lowercase alphabets
Show significant difference (P < 0.05).
a: saturated fatty acid;b: unsaturated fatty acid;c: monounsaturated fatty acids;dPolyunstaturated fatty
Acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid;eN-3polyunsaturated fatty acids: serial polyunsaturated fatty acid total amountfn-
3polyunsaturated fatty acids: serial polyunsaturated fatty acid total amount;
It can be obtained by 4 data of table :) 1% group of Σ PUFAS n-3 content and n-3/n-6 highest, it is significantly higher than 0% and 0.5% group
(P<0.05)。
Embodiment 6
Influence of the 5 guipi decoction water extract of table to rainbow trout diameter of muscle fiber and density
Note: different lowercase letter indication differences of going together are significant (P < 0.05).
Can be obtained by 5 data of table and Fig. 1: 1% group of diameter of muscle fiber is most short, and substantially less than 0% and 4% group (P < 0.05);
And 1% group of muscle fibre density highest, and it is significantly higher than 0% group (P < 0.05).
Embodiment 7
6 sweet wormwood of table, influence of the mock-strawberry additive amount to rainbow trout survival rate
Note: sweet wormwood, mock-strawberry are added in the feed of 1% guipi decoction of mixing quality score.
Can be obtained by 6 data of table: when addition sweet wormwood mass fraction is 4 ‰, mock-strawberry mass fraction is 6 ‰, rainbow trout survival rate is most
Height, cost are minimum.
In summary indices, in feed add 1% guipi decoction of mass fraction, mass fraction be 4 ‰ sweet wormwood and
Mass fraction is 6 ‰ mock-strawberry, and feed is made to the graininess of 3-5mm, fixed in daily 7:00,12:00,17:00,22:00
When feed, daily feeding volume is the 8%-10% of rainbow trout gross weight, most effective at this point, rainbow trout quality is best.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: adding mass fraction in feed is returning for 0.5%-4%
Spleen soup, 1 ‰ -10 ‰ sweet wormwood and the Chinese medicinal formulae of 1 ‰ -10 ‰ mock-strawberry, the Chinese medicinal formulae are that powder reagent or liquid try
The Chinese medicinal formulae is uniformly mixed with feed ingredient and prepares feed by agent, and timing is repeatedly fed daily, feeds weight and is fed
Rainbow trout gross mass is related.
2. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: the guipi decoction group becomes white
Two parts of art, two parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, two parts of PORIA ALBA, two parts of Radix Astragali, two parts of arillus longan, two parts of Radix Polygalae, two parts of semen ziziphi spinosae, radix aucklandiae be a,
Radix Glycyrrhizae portion and four parts of ginseng.
3. it is according to claim 2 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout method, it is characterized in that: the Radix Astragali, semen ziziphi spinosae and
Radix Glycyrrhizae is required to first frying.
4. the method according to claim 2 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: the guipi decoction passes through extraction
Method obtains guipi decoction leaching liquor.
5. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: adding guipi decoction matter in feed
Amount score is 1.0%-2.0%.
6. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout is raised it is characterized in that: the sweet wormwood is powder
It is 4 ‰ that sweet wormwood mass fraction is added in material.
7. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: the mock-strawberry is leaching liquor,
It is 6 ‰ that mock-strawberry mass fraction is added in feed.
8. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: the feed is prepared as particle
Shape, the feed granules diameter 3-5mm.
9. the method according to claim 1 using Chinese herbal medicine cultivation rainbow trout, it is characterized in that: Feeding time is daily 7:
00,12:00,17:00,22:00;Daily feeding volume is calculated by the 2%-10% of rainbow trout gross weight in pond, and according to season, weather,
Food situation increases and decreases in due course, to be advisable after feeding 1.5 hours without residual bait.
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106489794A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-15 | 泸县润辰渔鳅繁育养殖专业合作社 | A kind of scientific culture method of grass carp |
CN106620099A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-05-10 | 临湘市东昇生物科技有限公司 | Inflammation-diminishing and antibacterial Chinese herbal medicine for aquatic animals and preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine |
CN107469026A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-15 | 通化师范学院 | A kind of Chinese medicine immunity enhancer for strengthening salmon para-immunity power and application thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-09-25 CN CN201910910361.2A patent/CN110476846A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106489794A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-15 | 泸县润辰渔鳅繁育养殖专业合作社 | A kind of scientific culture method of grass carp |
CN106620099A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-05-10 | 临湘市东昇生物科技有限公司 | Inflammation-diminishing and antibacterial Chinese herbal medicine for aquatic animals and preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine |
CN107469026A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-15 | 通化师范学院 | A kind of Chinese medicine immunity enhancer for strengthening salmon para-immunity power and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
王亚楠: "基于斑马鱼睡眠行为探讨中药复方及表面活性剂对生物的影响及其作用机制", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
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Application publication date: 20191122 |