CN110468347B - Bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B5/00—Rails; Guard rails; Distance-keeping means for them
- E01B5/02—Rails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness bainite steel rail and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel rail comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.20-0.30%, Si: 1.00% -1.80%, Mn: 1.80% -2.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 0.50% -1.00%, Mo: 0.40-0.70%, Nb: 0.02% -0.08%, V: 0.05-0.10 percent of Ti, 0.003-0.020 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0005 percent of O, N: 0.0030 to 0.0060 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The manufacturing method comprises smelting, continuous casting, reheating, rolling and tempering; the tensile strength of the produced steel rail is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 14 percent, and the impact absorption energy AK of a normal-temperature impact testU2More than or equal to 70J, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the hardness is more than or equal to 410 HBW.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness bainite steel rail and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The heavy-duty railway transportation in China gradually develops towards the direction of heavy load and annual transportation volume, the phenomena of serious abrasion, aggravation of damage and the like appear in the use of the steel rail with common performance, the rail replacement period is shortened, the railway construction volume is increased, and meanwhile, the service damaged steel rail also has great influence on the driving safety. The railway department proposes to use high-strength steel rails or heat-treated steel rails on heavy-load lines aiming at the actual condition of steel rail damage in China, and the research work of the high-strength steel rails is continuously carried out for many years, and the method mainly comprises two process routes: the steel rail is suitable for heat treatment, and the strength and the wear resistance of the steel rail are improved through alloying.
The pearlite rail steel has the solid solution strengthening effect by adding alloy elements of Si, Mn, Cr and the like, and the C curve is shifted to the right, so that a pearlite structure with smaller inter-plate distance is obtained at the same cooling speed, and the strength and the hardenability of the steel are improved, such as rail head hardening heat treatment rails made of materials of U75VH, U77MnCrH, U78CrVH and the like. The plasticity of lamellar pearlite can be expressed in terms of reduction of area, and the factor controlling the reduction of area of lamellar pearlite is the inter-lamellar spacing. In the pearlite structure, the matrix ferrite phase is relatively stable, and the plasticity is mainly related to the state of the cementite phase. When the distance between the sheets is larger, the sheet layer cementite is continuous, and when the distance between the sheets is smaller, the sheet layer cementite is discontinuous, and the sheet layer ferrite is not completely separated by the sheet layer cementite, so that the sheet layer cementite has high plasticity. The fine lamellar pearlite has better wear resistance, the wear resistance of the fine lamellar pearlite structure and the tempered sorbite structure is improved along with the increase of hardness, when the hardness reaches HRC42, the wear resistance of the fine lamellar pearlite is 2 times higher than that of the tempered sorbite, and the wear resistance and the rolling contact fatigue life of the steel rail can be improved by refining the pearlite structure. On one hand, the tensile strength and the wear resistance of the steel rail can be improved by reducing the average diameter of the pearlite block, and on the other hand, the anti-stripping capability of the steel rail can be obviously improved by reducing the pearlite inter-sheet distance, so that the wear resistance and the rolling contact fatigue life of the steel rail are obviously improved.
The hypereutectoid pearlite rail steel in the japanese steel works "rail excellent in wear resistance and internal damage resistance and method for producing the same" (ZL96190344.9) is improved in wear resistance by increasing the density of a cementite phase in pearlite plates. The chemical components are as follows: 0.89% of C, 0.48% of Si, 0.61% of Mn and 0.25% of Cr. The tensile strength after heat treatment reaches more than 1300 MPa.
The steel rail is characterized in that the steel rail is a pearlite structure, hardenability elements such as C and Cr are added, the strength reaches 1300MPa level by combining a heat treatment mode, the toughness and plasticity of the steel rail are obviously reduced while the strength is improved, a martensite abnormal structure possibly occurs due to overhigh cooling speed, the continuity of the internal structure of the steel rail is damaged, a fatigue crack source is formed in use to cause nuclear damage, the toughness and plasticity is reduced, the nuclear damage propagation speed is increased, the steel rail is finally broken, and the driving safety is influenced.
Compared with pearlite steel rails, bainite steel rails obtain higher strength through alloying and simultaneously have good toughness and plasticity, and the performance uniformity of the full section of a rail head is better than that of pearlite heat treatment steel rails, such as:
1) chinese patent application No. 200810012105.3 discloses a hot-rolled bainite steel rail and a production process, wherein the bainite steel rail with better toughness is obtained by microalloying C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo and Nb, V and Ti in the method, but the requirements are made for O, N harmful elements in the steel, and a rolling control scheme is not reflected in the aspect of the rolling process, so the advantages of the bainite steel rail in the aspects of strength and impact toughness cannot be fully embodied.
2) Chinese patent application No. 201310327055.9 discloses a bainite steel rail and its manufacturing method, in which except for Mn, Mo, Nb, V, etc., the content of Cr is 1.3% -2.0%, the content of A1 is 0.05% -1.0%, although more alloying elements are added, the control process is not defined, so the strength of bainite steel rail is limited, the tensile strength is only above 1250MPa, the yield strength is only above 850MPa, although the impact toughness is higher, obviously the requirements of heavy-duty freight and small radius curve wear-resistant rail can not be satisfied.
3) Chinese patent application No. 200910063581.2 discloses 'an ultrahigh strength bainite rail steel and a manufacturing method thereof', the invention adopts the component design that C is 0.20-0.50%, Si is 1.10-1.70%, Mn is 1.60-2.40%, Cr is 1.00-1.60%, Mo is 0.10-0.60%, and Al is 0.05-1.20%, meanwhile, the control and controlled rolling process scheme of harmful elements such as O, N is not involved, the steel rail has the characteristics of high alloy content, high production cost and overhigh steel rail strength, the balance problem of abrasion and fatigue is considered when the steel rail is used, the overhigh strength leads the abrasion to be light and aggravates the fatigue damage, the service life of the steel rail can not be prolonged, the axle weight of the heavy-duty freight vehicle is about 30 tons generally, the strength reaches 1300-1400MPa, and the requirements can be met, meanwhile, the problem of good wheel-rail relationship matching is also considered, so that the application of the invention to the existing railway is limited.
The inventor analyzes the literature data of related patents and the like, combines the application conditions of the existing pearlite heat treatment steel rail and bainite steel rail of the heavy haul railway in China, and proposes that the steel rail with a lath bainite structure with higher strength and toughness is obtained by adopting a carbide-free bainite structure as a basis, controlling the content of harmful element O, N in steel and refining austenite grains through a reasonable control process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and the defects and provide a bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the bainite steel rail is used for railways with heavy haul railway trunks and small radius curves and has the specification of 60 kg/m-75 kg/m, microalloying elements such as Nb, V, Ti and the like are added in a compounding way on the basis of a hot rolling bainite steel rail component scheme, the content of O, N in the steel is controlled to reduce the influence on the performance, refined austenite grains are obtained by controlling the rolling interval time and the rolling temperature of each steel rolling process, and the steel rail with lath bainite structure with good strength and toughness is obtained by air cooling.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a high strength and toughness bainite steel rail comprises the following components by weight percent: c: 0.20-0.30%, Si: 1.00% -1.80%, Mn: 1.80% -2.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 0.50% -1.00%, Mo: 0.40-0.70%, Nb: 0.02% -0.08%, V: 0.05-0.10 percent of Ti, 0.003-0.020 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0005 percent of O, N: 0.0030 to 0.0060 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The tensile strength (Rm) of the high-strength and high-toughness bainite steel rail is more than or equal to 1350MPa, and the yield strength (Rp)0.2) 1150MPa or more, elongation (A) or more than 14%, and impact absorption energy AK in normal temperature impact testU2More than or equal to 70J, the reduction of area (Z) more than or equal to 50 percent and the hardness more than or equal to 410 HB.
The invention has the following design reasons:
c is a matrix strengthening element with the highest cost performance, and mainly ensures the strength and hardness of the matrix, and when the content of C is lower than 0.10%, the wear resistance of the steel rail cannot be ensured; and when the content of C is higher than 0.30%, nucleation and growth of the Bainite ferrite are not facilitated, the degree of center segregation of the section of the steel rail is increased, and the toughness and plasticity are reduced. Therefore, the C content is selected to be 0.20-0.30%.
Si is a solid solution type strengthening element, is mainly dissolved in ferrite in a solid solution mode, improves the yield strength of steel, prevents the formation of carbide during bainite transformation in bainite rail steel, forms carbide-free bainite, and improves the toughness. If the content is less than 1.00%, the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides cannot be achieved, and if the content is more than 1.80%, a large amount of retained austenite phase appears in the structure, and the strength of the steel is lowered. Therefore, the Si content is selected to be 1.00% -1.80%.
Mn and Cr reduce the initial temperature of bainite formation, increase the supercooling degree of steel, and ensure that bainite transformation occurs at a lower temperature under air cooling conditions. When the Mn content is less than 1.80%, other expensive substitute elements need to be added, and when the Mn content is more than 2.80%, serious segregation is caused, martensite is generated, and the strength and plasticity of the matrix are damaged. When the Cr content is too high, martensite structure and chromium carbide precipitation are easily generated, and the toughness of the steel is reduced.
Mo can reduce the bainite transformation temperature, is beneficial to stabilizing the bainite transformation and strengthening the bainite structure, does not damage the toughness and plasticity while improving the steel strength, and improves the welding performance of high-strength low-alloy steel.
The microalloy elements of Nb, V and Ti are added compositely, so that certain carbo-nitrides of Nb, V and Ti can be precipitated from the steel rail within the rolling temperature range to inhibit the growth of austenite recrystallization grains during the rolling of the steel rail, and meanwhile, the carbo-nitrides are used as bainite phase transformation nucleation particles to increase the nucleation number, so that lath bainitic ferrite can be generated as much as possible, the retained austenite is lathed, and the size and the occupied proportion of the M-A island are limited.
O is an oxide element formed in steel, and when the oxygen content is high, the oxide remained in the steel can be increased, and the mechanical properties of the steel, such as plasticity, toughness, strength, fatigue strength and the like, are reduced, so that the invention requires that O is less than or equal to 0.0005 percent.
N is a main element for forming carbonitride precipitation, but limited by a rail rolling process, only a certain amount of precipitated phase can be obtained, so excessive N is remained in steel, aging can be generated when the steel is placed at room temperature for a long time, nitrogen is precipitated in a form of Fe4N, the strength and hardness of the steel are increased, the plasticity and the toughness are reduced, and therefore, the content of the N is controlled to ensure that the content of the carbonitride is precipitated, the content of the residual N in the steel is controlled, so that the invention limits the content of N: 0.0030 to 0.0050 percent.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a manufacturing method of a bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness, which comprises smelting, continuous casting, reheating, rolling and tempering;
(1) reheating: the soaking temperature of the continuous casting billet is 1250-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 hours, the temperature is favorable for homogenizing the components of the continuous casting billet, and the smooth implementation of the rolling control scheme is ensured, the continuous casting billet is possibly overheated or bent in a hearth due to overhigh temperature, the temperature of a steel rail is reduced when the continuous casting billet is rolled in the later period due to overlow temperature, the deformation resistance is increased, and the rolling specification is difficult to control.
(2) Rolling: the cogging rolling of the continuous casting billet adopts a hole type rough rolling mill, the cogging temperature is 1150-plus 1200 ℃, the steel rail rolling adopts a universal rolling mill, the cogging temperature is 950-plus 1000 ℃, the finish rolling temperature is 850-plus 900 ℃, the steel rail is naturally cooled to room temperature in the air, the growth of recrystallized grains is effectively controlled through the control of the cogging temperature of the rough rolling mill and the universal rolling mill, the refined austenite grains after the steel rail rolling are converted into a lath bainite structure through air cooling, and good performance is obtained.
(3) Tempering: the steel rail at room temperature is straightened by a roller type straightening unit, then is subjected to heat preservation treatment for 5-10 hours by a tempering furnace at 250-350 ℃, then is subjected to air cooling, and unstable residual austenite is transformed into martensite under the strain action, so that the toughness and plasticity of the position are reduced and developed into a crack source to cause the problems of nuclear damage defect or steel rail fracture and the like, and the unstable residual austenite is stabilized through tempering treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the steel rail with lath bainite structure with good obdurability is obtained by Nb, V and Ti microalloying, controlling the content of O, N in steel and matching with a proper controlled rolling process, the stable control of smelting components is realized, the production process meets the capability requirement of the existing rolling equipment, and the mechanical property test of the obtained test steel rail shows that: tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 1350MPa, and yield strength (Rp)0.2) 1150MPa or more, elongation (A) or more than 14%, and impact absorption energy AK in normal temperature impact testU2More than or equal to 70J, the reduction of area (Z) more than or equal to 50 percent and the hardness more than or equal to 410 HB. Compared with the comparative steel rail, the mean value of the tensile strength is improved by more than 6 percent, the mean value of the yield strength is improved by more than 28 percent, the mean value of the impact absorption energy is improved by more than 70 percent, and the mean value of the hardness is improved by more than 9 percent. The bainite steel rail has good toughness and wear resistance, and meets the requirements of heavy haul railways and small radius curves.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
According to the embodiment of the invention, smelting, continuous casting, casting blank heating, rolling and tempering are carried out according to the component proportion of the technical scheme. The composition of the steel rail of the embodiment of the invention is shown in table 1. The main process parameters of the steel rail of the embodiment of the invention are shown in the table 2. The properties of the steel rails according to the examples of the present invention are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 1 composition of Steel rails according to examples of the present invention (wt%)
TABLE 2 Main Process parameters of the rails of the examples of the invention
TABLE 3 Properties of the rails of the examples of the invention
In order to express the present invention, the above embodiments are properly and fully described by way of examples, and the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by the persons skilled in the relevant art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A high-strength and high-toughness bainite steel rail is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.20-0.30%, Si: 1.00% -1.60%, Mn: 2.60% -2.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 0.50% -1.00%, Mo: 0.55 to 0.70 percent, Nb: 0.02% -0.08%, V: 0.05-0.10 percent of Ti, 0.003-0.020 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0005 percent of O, N: 0.0030-0.0060%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the tensile strength of the high-strength high-toughness bainite steel rail is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 14 percent, and the impact absorption energy AK of a normal-temperature impact test isU2More than or equal to 70J, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the hardness is more than or equal to 410 HBW;
the manufacturing method of the bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness comprises smelting, continuous casting, reheating, rolling and tempering;
(1) reheating: the soaking temperature of the continuous casting billet is 1270-;
(2) rolling: a hole-shaped rough rolling mill is adopted for cogging and rolling the continuous casting billet, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-plus 1200 ℃, the initial rolling temperature of the steel rail is 950-plus 1000 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 850-plus 890 ℃;
(3) tempering: and (3) straightening and tempering the steel rail at the room temperature, wherein the tempering temperature is 250-350 ℃, and air cooling is carried out after heat preservation treatment is carried out for 5-10 hours.
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| CN113430467B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 | Thin 1400 MPa-grade bainite steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114000034B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-11-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Low-yield-ratio high-strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN113999962A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-01 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | High-toughness bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN117327985A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-02 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | B, ti microalloyed hot rolled bainite steel rail and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN108531833A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant high toughness wear resistant bainite rail and its production method |
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