CN103160736A - High strength bainitic steel rail and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
High strength bainitic steel rail and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high strength bainitic steel rail and a heat treatment process thereof. The steel rail comprises the following chemical compositions by weight percentage: 0.10%-0.32% of C, 0.80%-2.00% of Si, 0.80%-2.80% of Mn, Cr less than 1.50%, 0.10%-0.40% of Mo, 0-0.5% of Ni, wherein Mn, Cr and Ni satisfy the relation of: Mn+Cr+0.5Ni<=2.8%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The process is as below: conducting hot rolling on the steel rail or air cooling on the steel rail to room temperature, then reheating to 850-1000 DEG C for austenization; cooling the steel rail head to 620-570 DEG C with a cooling rate of 0.3-15 DEG C / s; when the temperature is lower than 620-570 DEG C, cooling to 350-200 DEG C with a cooling rate of 0.5-5 DEG C / s; and then conducting air cooling to room temperature. The invention avoids generation of excessive unstable thick M-A islands in granular bainite during air cooling to room temperature in hot rolling, reduces the risk of straightening fracture (or delayed fracture)of hot-rolled steel rail, and improves the adaptability of steel production process. The steel rail has tensile strength higher than 1400MPa, and realizes optimum matching of strength, toughness and ductility, and excellent rolling contact fatigue resistance and wear resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of railway track and manufacturing thereof, particularly a kind of high strength bainite steel rail and thermal treatment process thereof.
Background technology
Along with the progress of railway heavy haul transport technology, China railways heavy haul transport ability is improving constantly, and existing passenger-cargo mixed transport line road year, very general more than 100,000,000 tons, Freight Car Axle Load progressively improved by gross train weight, and the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway freight volume reached 3.4 hundred million tons in 2008.Under this background, promoted the exploitation of suitable heavy haul transport railway track.
Heavy haul transport is that anti-rolling contact fatigue performance is had higher requirement to the anti-piece that peels off of rail, and bainite rail has satisfied this requirement with the anti-rolling contact fatigue performance of its excellence just.This respect document has:
K.Sawley，J.Kristan，Development?of?bainitic?rail?steels?with?potential?resistance?to?rolling?contact?fatigue，Fatigue?fract?Engng?Mater?Struct?26，2003，1019-1029.
The bainite rail J6 that introduces in document, the hot rolled rail intensity rank reaches 1400MPa, and the rail head unit elongation is only 5.0%, relative reduction in area 6.4%, the plasticity of the web of the rail is lower, unit elongation 4.0-5.0%, relative reduction in area 2.8-5.9%.Although this rail intensity is higher, plasticity is too low, can't satisfy the needs of railway operation safety.Trace it to its cause, mainly that alloying element content is too high, especially improve the element M n2.00% of hardening capacity, Cr1.94%, Mn+Cr has reached 3.94%, and the constituent content that improves hardening capacity reaches so high level, can produce on the one hand the martensite (at the optical microphotograph Microscopic observation) of higher proportion in steel, the manufacturability of product is relatively poor on the other hand, and segregation is serious.Therefore hot rolled bainite steel rail intensity is unsuitable too high, otherwise can bring more problem to Rail Production processing and safety of railway operation.
Prior art " curve and heavy-duty steel rail with bainitic steel and bainite rail and production method thereof " (CN101921971A) is mainly considered the production of hot rolling rail, do not consider the operability of accelerated cooling process condition, for example, when the element that improves steel hardenability all reaches the composition upper limit level, on the one hand in the quenching technology standard, Heating temperature and speed of cooling scope must be very narrow, are very easy on the other hand find under opticmicroscope that the serious steel drift that reduces such as martensite hits the tissue of toughness and fracture toughness property.Therefore this choice of technology 10 ℃-20 ℃/minutes of lower thermal treatment speed of cooling.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high strength bainite steel rail and thermal treatment process thereof, steel grades design aspect: find that thick M-A island tissue limits the total amount of raising hardening capacity element when avoiding finding when rail is checked after hot rolling or thermal treatment check under martensitic stucture or transmission electron microscope under opticmicroscope, make more than the tensile strength of rail is increased to 1400MPa by rolling postheat treatment (accelerating cooling), realize the optimum matching of intensity and toughness plasticity, make the anti-rolling contact fatigue performance of rail and wear resistance all excellent.A small amount of multicomponent microalloying or thermal treatment are when significantly improving rail strength, and impelling strength, fracture toughness property also obviously improve.
The alloying element of commonly using in steel increases according to following order the ability of the hardening capacity of increase steel: nickel, chromium, manganese.The effect that manganese and chromium improve hardening capacity is suitable.Although it is lower that nickel improves the ability of hardening capacity, can also make steel keep higher toughness when improving hardening capacity.Molybdenum can make the ferrite C curve of first analysing of bainitic steel significantly move to right, thereby makes steel just can all be transformed into bainite structure under the hot rolling and air cooling condition.Nickel, molybdenum are because price is high, and general trend is add less or do not add as far as possible, and other element is general a large amount of employings in steel.
When alloy designs, only have the less demanding steel of hardening capacity, just use single alloying element, as 40Cr, 45Mn2.The steel that hardening capacity is had relatively high expectations all adopts compound aurification unlimitedly, and this is because multiple element exists the increase to steel hardenability to play complementary effect simultaneously.During as the nickel Individual existence, the effect that increases hardening capacity is similar to element silicon, do not give prominence to, but when nickel being added in chromium steel or chromium manganese steel, it increases the effect highly significant of hardening capacity.Therefore, at present to the formula of the chemical composition of the demanding steel of hardening capacity, all adopt multi-element alloyed principle, one side can be given full play to the effect of alloying element like this, also can save alloy resource on the other hand.It should be noted that when employing is multi-element alloyed, note limiting the total amount that improves the hardening capacity element, could realize like this optimum matching of intensity and toughness plasticity.
The chemical composition of high strength bainite steel rail:
C：0.10％-0.32％，Si：0.80％-2.00％，Mn：0.80％-2.80％，Cr：＜1.50％，Mo：0.10％-0.40％。Wherein Mn+Cr≤2.8%, satisfy this requirement, just can guarantee can not find martensitic stucture under optical microphotograph after thermal treatment.
C:0.10%-0.32%, Si:0.80%-2.00%, Mn:0.80%-2.80%, Cr:＜1.50%, Mn+Cr≤2.8% wherein.The compound Nb:0.01%-0.10% that adds in addition, V:0.02%-0.2%, Ti:0.005%-0.05%; Mo content is 0.10%-0.25%.
C:0.10%-0.32%, Si:0.80%-2.00%, Mn:0.80%-2.80%, Cr:＜1.50%, Mn+Cr≤2.8% wherein.The compound Nb:0.01%-0.10% that adds in addition, V:0.02%-0.2%, Ti:0.005%-0.05%; Do not add the Mo element.
C：0.10％-0.32％，Si：0.80％-2.00％，Mn：0.80％-2.80％，Cr：＜1.50％，Mo：0.10％-0.40％；Ni：0-0.5％。Wherein Mn+Cr+0.5Ni≤2.8%, satisfy this requirement, just can guarantee can not find martensitic stucture under opticmicroscope after thermal treatment.
The effect of alloying element:
Carbon: low-carbon bainite has good toughness and weldability, and carbon content too low (＜0.10%) can't satisfy the wear-resisting requirement of rail; When carbon content is too high, the nucleation and growth that is unfavorable for bainitic ferrite, the forming core of bainitic ferrite must be in the low-carbon (LC) district, and growing up of bainitic ferrite must be take carbon from bainitic ferrite/and the Ovshinsky side of austenite phase interface spreads apart as prerequisite, so carbon content can not be higher than 0.32%.
Silicon: the formation of carbide when stoping bainite transformation consumingly especially, impel the austenite enrichment carbon that not yet changes, form carbide-free Bainite, improve the toughness of bainitic steel.Silicone content low (＜0.80%) can't be brought into play and suppress the effect that carbide forms, and residual austenite content is too high for silicone content too high (＞2.00%), causes the strength degradation of steel, so silicone content should be controlled in the 0.80%-2.00% scope.
Nickel: can also make steel keep higher toughness when improving hardening capacity.But the more costs of its content are higher, so limit its content below 0.5%.
Manganese and chromium: the effect of manganese and chromium is similar, reduces the beginning temperature Bs that bainite forms, and postpone and first analyse ferritic transformation, be to increase the element that steel is crossed cold energy power, be enough to during with further assurance air cooling in lower temperature generation bainite transformation.Manganese, chromium content are not brought into play above-mentioned effect lower than in limited time lower; Manganese element too high levels (＞2.80%) is aggravated its segregation in steel, easily separates out thick martensite at the position that segregation is serious, and thick martensite can make the toughness of steel sharply reduce; Except producing martensite, also easily cause the separating out of carbide of chromium during the chromium too high levels, reduce the toughness of steel.Because manganese and chromium are all the elements that strongly improves hardening capacity, as too high levels especially Mn+Cr or Mn+Cr+0.5Ni higher than 2.8% the time, when improving the hyperenergia of hardening capacity of steel, be easy to produce a large amount of martensite, this moment, martensite occurred with the form on lath (under opticmicroscope) or thick M-A island (under transmission electron microscope), the toughness plasticity of reduction steel, so Mn+Cr strongly or Mn+Cr+0.5Ni should be lower than 2.8%.
Carbide Nb, V, Ti: the incubation period that ferritic-pearlitic is changed is elongated, and shorten the incubation period of bainite transformation, become more readily available bainite structure during air cooling, thereby make steel before bainite transformation occurs, do not have or only have a small amount of proeutectoid ferrite to separate out, and perlitic transformation does not occur.
Titanium, niobium, vanadium is compound adds: the steel austenite Coarsening Temperature when heat that contains these elements is enhanced, the carbide that another even more important effect is these elements postpones austenitic recrystallization process, therefore makes in the operation of rolling to obtain fine grained texture.
Titanium: can refinement austenite crystal during rolling and heating, and increase toughness and the rigidity of bainite structure remain on not molten state when being rolled because the titanium carbonitride of separating out in the steel fusing with when solidifying reheats at rail.Yet less than 0.005% the time, this effect is just very little when titanium content.On the other hand, just form the titanium carbonitride of alligatoring when the titanium interpolation surpasses 0.050%, the latter just becomes the starting point of fatigue damage in service, thereby causes cracking.
Vanadium: gain in strength by the carbon vanadium nitride that forms in process of cooling after the precipitation-hardening hot rolling, come refine austenite crystal grain by stoping the growth of crystal grain when the steel high temperature rolling, and improve the strength and stiffness of bainite structure.But less than 0.02% the time, this effect is just not enough when content of vanadium.On the other hand, when surpassing 0.20%, the vanadium addition can not increase above-mentioned effect yet.
Niobium: as vanadium, by forming niobium carbonitrides refine austenite crystal grain.Niobium can stop Austenite Grain Growth (near 1200 ℃) in the higher temperature zone than vanadium.Niobium also improves the rigidity of bainite structure.But, can't reach these effects when content of niobium less than 0.01% the time, and when niobium addition level surpasses 0.10% owing to forming metallic compound and thick shape niobium precipitate makes toughness drop.So content of niobium will be limited between 0.01%-0.10%.
After the rail hot rolling or hot rolled rail air cooling to room temperature reheat again to 850-1000 ℃ of austenitizing, after rail head of rail is cooled to 620-570 ℃ with the cooling rate of 0.3-15 ℃/s, be chilled to 350-200 ℃ with the cooling rate of 0.5-5 ℃/s, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
roll after or austenitizing after to 620-570 ℃, cooling rate 〉=0.3 ℃/s first analyses ferritic separating out in order to reduce as far as possible, cooling rate can change in a big way, be because: after rolling to the process of cooling higher than bainitic transformation point temperature, can regulate according to rhythm of production and roll rear cooling rate, raising is rolled rear cooling rate and more is conducive to be complementary with rolling rhythm, but roll rear cooling rate surpass 15 ℃/when s is above, can cause the serious inequality of rail head cross-section temperature, be unfavorable for that subsequent disposal is the bainite structure homogeneity that produces in the bainitic transformation process, easily cause section hardness uneven distribution, control for the rail shape and bring difficulty, therefore roll rear cooling rate and be difficult for surpassing 15 ℃/s.Below 620-570 ℃, be chilled to 350-200 ℃ with the cooling rate of 0.5-5 ℃/s, the reason of controlling this cooling rate is: cooling rate excessively slow (0.5 ℃/s＜) does not reach the purpose of build up; Cooling rate too fast (＞5 ℃/s), temperature homogeneity is difficult to guarantee, easily causes local temperature too low, can produce not wish the excessive martensitic stucture that obtains.Air cooling to room temperature below 350-200 ℃ is cooling in order to stop accelerating more than the martensitic phase height.
For improving the stability of residual austenite, the cooling rear air cooling of above-mentioned acceleration to the rail of room temperature needs to carry out temper at 250 ℃-450 ℃.
Adopt the rail property improvement situation of technical solution of the present invention to see Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1: after element M n, the Cr of raising hardening capacity, Ni total amount improve, the hardening capacity of steel has improved, M-A is thicker, although tensile strength increases, but yield strength is synchronous the raising not, and more due to thick M-A island, the plasticity of steel, toughness are all lower, the obdurability coupling is relatively poor, and this moment, rail was aligned very easily fracture.The present invention is by after controlling Mn+Cr+0.5Ni＜2.8 or adopting Nb, V, Ti combined microalloying, produce too much unsettled thick M-A island in granular bainite when having avoided hot rolling and air cooling to room temperature, so also can avoid the risk of hot rolled rail generation straightening fracture (or delayed fracture), improve the production technique adaptability of steel grade.
Table 1 adopts the rail property of technical solution of the present invention to improve situation
More than restriction improved hardening capacity element total amount and/or a small amount of multicomponent microalloying rail after heat treatment tensile strength will reach 1400MPa, impelling strength, fracture toughness property also obviously improved simultaneously.The wear resistance of rail generally improves along with the raising of tensile strength, so the anti-rolling contact fatigue performance of bainite rail of the present invention and wear resistance are all excellent.
Embodiment
The chemical composition of embodiment of the present invention bainite rail sees Table 2.Embodiment of the present invention bainite rail thermal treatment process sees Table 3.The mechanical property of embodiment of the present invention bainite rail sees Table 4.
Composition and the technique of table 2 embodiment of the present invention rail
The thermal treatment process of table 3 embodiment of the present invention rail
The mechanical property of table 4 embodiment of the present invention bainite rail
Claims (5)
1. high strength bainite steel rail, the weight percent that it is characterized in that the rail chemical composition is: C:0.10%-0.32%, Si:0.80%-2.00%, Mn:0.80%-2.80%, Cr:＜1.50%, Mo:0.10%-0.40%, Ni:0-0.5%, Mn+Cr+0.5Ni≤2.8% wherein, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
2. a kind of high strength bainite steel rail according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Mo:0.10%-0.25%, the compound Nb:0.01%-0.10% that adds, V:0.02%-0.2%, Ti:0.005%-0.05%.
3. high strength bainite steel rail, the weight percent that it is characterized in that the rail chemical composition is: C:0.10%-0.32%, Si:0.80%-2.00%, Mn:0.80%-2.80%, Cr:＜1.50%, Mn+Cr≤2.8% wherein, the compound Nb:0.01%-0.10% that adds, V:0.02%-0.2%, Ti:0.005%-0.05%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
4. thermal treatment process that is used for the described high strength bainite steel rail of claim 1～3, after it is characterized in that the rail hot rolling or hot rolled rail air cooling to room temperature reheat again to 850-1000 ℃ of austenitizing, after rail head of rail is cooled to 620-570 ℃ with the cooling rate of 0.3-15 ℃/s, cooling rate with 0.5-5 ℃/s is cooled to 350-200 ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
5. the thermal treatment process of high strength bainite steel rail according to claim 4 is characterized in that will speed up cooling rear air cooling to the rail of room temperature and is heated to 250-450 ℃ and carries out temper, and air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
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