CN102534403A - Bainite heat-treated steel rail and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Bainite heat-treated steel rail and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102534403A CN102534403A CN201010597067XA CN201010597067A CN102534403A CN 102534403 A CN102534403 A CN 102534403A CN 201010597067X A CN201010597067X A CN 201010597067XA CN 201010597067 A CN201010597067 A CN 201010597067A CN 102534403 A CN102534403 A CN 102534403A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bainite heat-treated steel rail with improved toughness and plasticity, and a heat treatment method thereof. The bainite heat-treated steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.40 percent of C, 0.80 to 2.00 percent of Si, 0.80 to 2.60 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 2.00 percent of Cr, 0.005 to 0.100 percent of Nb, 0.01 to 0.26 percent of V, 0.001 to 0.070 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.70 percent of W and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. According to the heat treatment method, on-line heat treatment is adopted; after the steel is formed through rolling, when the temperature of a rail head of the steel rail is cooled to 700 to 890 DEG C, the rail head is subjected to accelerated cooling at cooling rate of 0.4 to 8 DEG C/s, and cooling is stopped when the rail head is cooled to 200 DEG C, and then the rail head is air-cooled to room temperature; or off-line heat treatment is adopted, full-section austenitization or austenitization of the rail head is performed, and the austenitization temperature is 880 to 930 DEG C; and when cooled to 700 to 890 DEG C, the steel rail is subjected to accelerated cooling at cooling rate of 0.4 to 8 DEG C/s, cooling is stopped when the steel rail is cooled to 200 DEG C, and then the steel rail is air-cooled to room temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of railway track, particularly a kind of rail and heat treating method thereof that contains bainite structure.
Background technology
In order to satisfy the rail use properties, generally adopt wear resistance pearlite steel rail preferably, and on the basis of pearlite steel rail, developed rail head slack quenching rail, improve rail hardness, further improve the rail wear resisting property.
Along with the high-speed overloadization of transportation by railroad, the characteristics of the anti-rolling contact fatigue of pearlite steel rail (promptly peeling off piece) poor-performing display, so developed the bainite rail of not only wear-resisting but also anti-rolling contact fatigue.In order to pursue higher obdurability of bainite rail or cost performance, also need carry out the rail head slack quenching and handle.
Rail head of rail slack quenching technical point off-line and in-line treatment are two kinds at present, and processed offline generally is through the method for induction heating rail head to be organized austenitizing, and the web of the rail does not need austenitizing, and then utilizes heat-eliminating medium that rail head is cooled off fast.CN88105864.5 is said like patent of invention: the rail that is in room temperature state of a roll forming is carried out preheating with the power frequency induction installation to it; Be preheating to 500-550 ℃, with the Medium frequency induction device its head be heated to the above temperature province in austenitic area again: 850-950 ℃.The heat affected zone that is lower than austenitizing temperature that this method can produce certain limit when heating, but because the stability of pearlitic structure better, is compared with hot rolled rail, the toughness plasticity of pearlite steel rail heat affected zone can also maintain the level of hot rolled rail.
For the non-carbide bainitic steel rail; Owing to promptly change bainite structure in the hot rolling and air cooling process; Therefore the bulk strength and the toughness of rail are higher than pearlite steel rail; Though the aligning unrelieved stress was higher than pearlite steel rail after the rail roller was rectified, the toughness of bainite rail is better than pearlite steel rail, the disadvantageous effect of the higher aligning unrelieved stress of so just avoiding.Concerning the thermal treatment bainite rail,, promptly only rail head of rail is carried out austenitizing if carry out rail thermal treatment by the thermal treatment type of heating of pearlite steel rail; This moment, the temperature of heat affected zone was lower than austenitizing temperature; When being in the high tempering temperature range, can further separate out tiny carbide in the bainite structure, when being accompanied by the heat affected zone decrease of hardness like this; Significant decline also can take place in toughness, and this is that we need avoid.
In order to improve the obdurability of bainite rail, when carrying out design of alloy, noble elements such as general first-selected Mo or Ni.Document (The Development of Bainitic Steel forSpecial Railway System Requirements, 39
THMWSP CONF PROC, ISS, VOL XXXV; The wear resistance of 1998-1015) introducing the bainite rail of its exploitation is 8 times of normal carbon pearlite steel rail; But Mo content is up to 0.8% in its preferred chemical ingredients, because the pressure of cost, its difficulty of on railway, using is very big.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, to the characteristics of bainite rail, the present invention adopts a kind of bainite heat-treated rail and heat treating method thereof that can improve the rail toughness plasticity.
Main contents of the present invention are following:
Rail adopts combined microalloying to add the alloy designs scheme of the low element of cost of alloy such as W simultaneously, improves the anti-temper resistance of rail, and chemical ingredients is following by weight percentage: C:0.10%-0.40%; Si:0.80%-2.00%, Mn:0.80%-2.60%, Cr:0.1-2.00%; Nb:0.005%-0.100%, V:0.01%-0.26%, Ti:0.001%-0.070%; W:0.01-0.70%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The effect of alloying element:
Carbon: low-carbon bainite has good toughness and weldability, and carbon content low excessively (＜0.10%) then can't satisfy the attrition resistant requirement of rail; When carbon content is too high, be unfavorable for that α is the ferritic forming core of Bei Shi and grow up mutually, the forming core of α phase must be in the low-carbon (LC) district, and it is prerequisite that the growing up of α must spread apart from the Ovshinsky side of α/γ phase interface with carbon, so carbon content can not be higher than 0.40%.
Silicon: the formation of carbide when stoping bainite transformation consumingly especially, impel the austenite enriched with carbon that does not change as yet.Form carbide-free Bainite, improve the toughness of bainitic steel.Silicone content low (＜0.80%) can't be brought into play and suppress the effect that carbide forms, and then residual austenite content is too high for silicone content too high (＞2.00%), causes the strength degradation of steel, so silicone content should be controlled in the 0.80%-2.00% scope.
Manganese and chromium: the effect of manganese and chromium is similar, reduces the beginning temperature Bs that bainite forms, and is to increase the element that steel is crossed cold energy power, is enough in lower temperature generation bainite transformation during with further assurance air cooling.Manganese, chromium content are lower than down in limited time, have brought into play not above-mentioned effect; Manganese element too high levels (＞2.60%) is aggravated its segregation in steel, separates out martensite easily at the position that segregation is serious, and martensite can make the toughness of steel sharply reduce; Except producing martensite, also cause the separating out of carbide of chromium easily during the chromium too high levels, reduce the toughness of steel.
Strong carbide forming element W, Nb, V, Ti: the incubation period that ferritic-pearlitic is changed is elongated; And shorten the incubation period of bainite transformation; Become more readily available bainite structure during air cooling; Thereby make steel before bainite transformation takes place, perhaps do not have only a spot of proeutectoid ferrite to separate out, and perlitic transformation does not take place.
Tungsten: tungsten can make ferritic and perlite begin to separate out line and obviously move to right; But do not postpone bainite transformation; Supercooled austenite is able to directly to bainite transformation, this change take place before or do not have only a spot of proeutectoid ferrite to separate out, and perlitic transformation does not take place.
Titanium, niobium, the compound adding of vanadium: the steel austenite alligatoring temperature when heat that contains these elements is enhanced; The carbide that another even more important effect is these elements postpones austenitic recrystallization process, therefore makes in the operation of rolling to obtain fine grained texture.
Titanium: can refinement rolling austenite crystal during with heating, and increase the toughness and the rigidity of bainite structure remains on not molten state because the titanium carbonitride of separating out in the steel fusing with when solidifying reheats at rail when being rolled.Yet, when titanium content less than 0.001% the time, this effect is just very little.On the other hand, when the titanium interpolation surpasses 0.070%, just form thick shape titanium carbonitride, the latter just becomes the starting point of fatigue damage in service, thereby causes cracking.
Vanadium: the carbon vanadium nitride through forming in the precipitation-hardening hot rolling postcooling process is gained in strength, and comes refine austenite crystal grain through stoping the growth of crystal grain when the steel high temperature rolling, and improves the strength and stiffness of bainite structure.But, when content of vanadium less than 0.01% the time, this effect is just not enough.On the other hand,, the vanadium addition can not increase above-mentioned effect when surpassing 0.26% yet.
Niobium: the same with vanadium, through forming carbon niobium nitride refine austenite crystal grain.Niobium can stop austenite crystal grow up (near 1200 ℃) in higher temperature zone than vanadium.Niobium also improves the rigidity of bainite structure.But, when content of niobium can't reach these effects less than 0.005% the time, and when niobium addition level surpasses 0.100%, make the toughness reduction with thick shape niobium precipitate owing to form metallic compound.So content of niobium will be limited between 0.005%～0.100%.
The production technique of bainite rail is: converter smelting (LD) → external refining (LF) → vacuum outgas (VD) → billet continuous casting (280mm * 380mm) → continuously cast bloom walking beam furnace heating → 1150mm, 1100mm bloomer cogging → universal rolling rail.
The mode of production of online thermal treatment bainite rail is: after steel rail rolling is shaped; When the rail head of rail temperature is chilled to 700-890 ℃ of TR; Cooling rate with 0.4 ℃/s-8 ℃/s is implemented to quicken cooling to rail head, stops when being chilled to 200 ℃ quickening cooling, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
Off-line treatment production mode: obdurability when less demanding, is selected the method for rail head austenitizing; When obdurability is had relatively high expectations, must carry out full section austenitizing.Austenitizing temperature when being chilled to 700-890 ℃ of TR, implements to quicken cooling to rail generally between 880-930 ℃, and cooling rate is 0.4 ℃/s-8 ℃/s, stops when being chilled to 200 ℃ quickening cooling, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
Take the method for the full section austenitizing of rail; Be about to the full section of bainite rail and be heated to Ac3+40 ℃ more than the temperature; Elimination is in the heat affected zone of high tempering TR, keeps the full section toughness plasticity of bainite rail all to be in high level, avoids toughness plasticity to descend.
The rail austenitizing can be selected induction heating, electric furnace heating or gas furnace heating.
The present invention compares with the alloying scheme that contains molybdenum steel, and cost of alloy can reduce by 200 yuan/ton more than the steel; Take the method or the online heat-treating methods of full section austenitizing can avoid occurring the decline of rail obdurability.Adopt after the above-mentioned Alloying Design, can make the width of heat affected zone be reduced to 15-10mm when only carrying out the rail head austenitizing by 20-25mm.Therefore the online thermal treatment of rail utilizes the steel rail rolling waste heat to carry out, and does not have the problem of heat affected zone, and adopting the online thermal treatment of rail is a kind of not only energy-conservation but also effective means.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified:
Various embodiments of the present invention rail chemical ingredients is seen table 1, and each embodiment heat treating method is seen table 2, and the heat affected zone performance is seen table 3 after each embodiment thermal treatment.
Table 1 rail chemical ingredients
Table 2 rail treatment production method
The performance characteristics of heat affected zone (or position) after the thermal treatment of table 3 rail
Claims (4)
1. bainite heat-treated rail, it is characterized in that: chemical ingredients is following by weight percentage: C:0.10%-0.40%, Si:0.80%-2.00%; Mn:0.80%-2.60%, Cr:0.1-2.00%, Nb:0.005%-0.100%; V:0.01%-0.26%; Ti:0.001%-0.070%, W:0.01-0.70%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. the heat treating method of a bainite heat-treated rail according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: adopt online thermal treatment; After steel rail rolling is shaped, when the rail head of rail temperature is chilled to 700-890 ℃ of TR, rail head is implemented to quicken cooling with the cooling rate of 0.4-8 ℃/s; Stop when being chilled to 200 ℃ quickening cooling, air cooling is to room temperature then.
3. the heat treating method of a bainite heat-treated rail according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt off-line thermal treatment, carry out full section austenitizing; Austenitizing temperature is between 880-930 ℃; When being chilled to 700-890 ℃ of TR, rail is implemented to quicken cooling, cooling rate is 0.4-8 ℃/s; Stop when being chilled to 200 ℃ quickening cooling, air cooling is to room temperature then.
4. the heat treating method of a bainite heat-treated rail according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt off-line thermal treatment, carry out the rail head austenitizing; Austenitizing temperature is between 880-930 ℃; When being chilled to 700-890 ℃ of TR, rail is implemented to quicken cooling, cooling rate is 0.4-8 ℃/s; Stop when being chilled to 200 ℃ quickening cooling, air cooling is to room temperature then.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102877384A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-16 | 燕山大学 | Online thermal treatment method capable of prolonging service life of railway frog |
| CN104087852A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | High-strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| US20150090772A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-04-02 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | System for preventing the formation of martensite in metals joining applications |
| CN105695849A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-22 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method for manufacturing steel rail through nano bainite material containing rare earth La element and steel rail |
| CN107779758A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of novel low-cost high performance-price ratio bainite rail and its production method |
| US10239153B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2019-03-26 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | Inertia friction welding system for martensite-free joining of materials |
| CN110468347A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-19 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing method |
| CN110527816A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method reducing rail fatigue crack growth rate |
| CN110592354A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-20 | 北京交通大学 | Method for preparing 1380 MPa-level bainite steel rail through waste heat quenching-self-distribution |
| CN110607488A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Online heat treatment steel rail for high-speed railway and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114015945A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Bainite steel rail with uniform hardness gradient and production method thereof |
| CN114015944A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Bainite steel rail with low rail top surface hardness fluctuation and production method thereof |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10239153B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2019-03-26 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | Inertia friction welding system for martensite-free joining of materials |
| US20150090772A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-04-02 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | System for preventing the formation of martensite in metals joining applications |
| US9498843B2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-11-22 | Edison Welding Institute, Inc. | System for preventing the formation of martensite in metals joining applications |
| CN102877384B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-10-15 | 燕山大学 | Online thermal treatment method capable of prolonging service life of railway frog |
| CN102877384A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-16 | 燕山大学 | Online thermal treatment method capable of prolonging service life of railway frog |
| CN104087852A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | High-strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN104087852B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-08-17 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | A kind of high strength bainite steel rail and production method thereof |
| CN105695849A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-22 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method for manufacturing steel rail through nano bainite material containing rare earth La element and steel rail |
| CN107779758A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of novel low-cost high performance-price ratio bainite rail and its production method |
| CN110468347A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-19 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength tenacity bainite rail and its manufacturing method |
| CN110607488A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Online heat treatment steel rail for high-speed railway and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110468347B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-07-06 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Bainite steel rail with high strength and toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110592354A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-20 | 北京交通大学 | Method for preparing 1380 MPa-level bainite steel rail through waste heat quenching-self-distribution |
| CN110527816A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method reducing rail fatigue crack growth rate |
| CN110527816B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-06-15 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Heat treatment method for reducing fatigue crack propagation rate of steel rail |
| CN114015945A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Bainite steel rail with uniform hardness gradient and production method thereof |
| CN114015944A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Bainite steel rail with low rail top surface hardness fluctuation and production method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |