CN107779759B - The excellent boracic bainite rail of resistance for delayed fracture and its production method - Google Patents

The excellent boracic bainite rail of resistance for delayed fracture and its production method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107779759B
CN107779759B CN201610737596.2A CN201610737596A CN107779759B CN 107779759 B CN107779759 B CN 107779759B CN 201610737596 A CN201610737596 A CN 201610737596A CN 107779759 B CN107779759 B CN 107779759B
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rail
steel
bainite
resistance
cooled
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CN107779759A (en
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陈昕
金纪勇
杨玉
刘宏
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Angang Steel Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C21D9/06Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002Bainite

Abstract

The present invention provides resistance for delayed fracture excellent boracic bainite rail and its production method, and the rail ingredient is as follows by weight percentage: C]: 0.18%-0.26%;[Si]: 1.30%-1.70%;[Mn]: 1.75%-2.15%;[Cr]: 0.30%-0.70%;[Mo]: 0.15%-0.40%, [P]≤0.020%, [S]≤0.010%, [B]: 0.0006%-0.0015%, [Ti]: 0.01%-0.03%, [H] :≤0.00017%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity element;Production method includes refining-continuous casting-slab heating-hot rolling-heat treatment, and the heat treatment is that rail hot rolling is air-cooled to 700 DEG C ± 60 DEG C or 600 DEG C ± 60 DEG C later, is cooled to 300 DEG C ± 40 DEG C later with the cooling rate of 0.5 DEG C/s-4 DEG C/s, is then air-cooled to room temperature.It can be applied on railway using bainite rail produced by the invention through burning optimization on line, and the resistance for delayed fracture of steel gets a promotion.

Description

The excellent boracic bainite rail of resistance for delayed fracture and its production method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of metal processing more particularly to a kind of boracic bainites with excellent resistance for delayed fracture Rail.
Background technique
So far from 1970s, the exploitation of bainite rail has had nearly 50 years history.Bainite rail due to Its excellent application performance and the rail for being known as 21st century.So far, bainite rail application or it is very limited , the sexual valence that this is largely determined by bainite rail is relatively low, production technology is also unable to satisfy wanting for large-scale industrial production It asks.
Presently disclosed bainite rail chemical composition ranges are wide, bring difficulty to rail control of product quality.Test Research shows that: under conditions of continuous air-cooled after rail hot rolling, bainite structure is generally produced by the high, medium and low temperature transformation of austenite Object is constituted, and when the chemical composition ranges of steel are excessively wide in range, above-mentioned high, medium and low temperature organizational composition ratio and scale will occur more Big variation, therefore can cause properties of product that biggish fluctuation occurs, it is unfavorable for the stabilization of product quality, is less useful for welding quality Control.
Bainite rail intensity has reached high-strength (1200MPa) or strong (1400MPa) grade of steel of superelevation is other, to high-strength steel Speech, delayed fracture resistance ability declines with the raising of intensity, therefore the resistance to delay of high strength bainite steel rail under normal circumstances Fracture property is lower than pearlite steel rail, is embodied in elongation percentage is relatively low, fatigue crack growth rate is higher etc..Therefore shellfish is improved The delayed fracture resistance ability of family name's body rail improves steel to the Technological adaptability of existing metallurgical process controlled level, is successfully to produce Bainite rail has to solve the problems, such as.Delayed fracture be usually as the residual hydrogen in steel it is relatively high caused by, therefore, improve steel Resistance for delayed fracture mainly realized by controlling residual hydrogen amount, but by the control of residual hydrogen amount to steel below 0.0001% Metallurgical production brings larger pressure.
Invention " with the damaging bainitic steel rail with high-wearing feature of highly resistance surface fatigue " (application number: 99800029.9) the bainite rail chemical component disclosed is " carbon 0.15%-0.45%, silicon 0.1%-2.00%, manganese 0.20%-3.00%, chromium 0.20%-3.00%, along with one or more elements selected from following elements group: molybdenum 0.01%-1.00%, copper 0.05%-0.50%, nickel 0.05%-4.00%, titanium 0.01%-0.05%, vanadium 0.01%- 0.30%, niobium 0.005%-0.05%, boron 0.0001%-0.0050%, magnesium 0.0010%-0.0100%, calcium 0.0010%- 0.015%.Although " boracic, chemical composition ranges are very wide in range, bring difficulty to rail control of product quality.Invention limit Determined carbide in steel tissue signature " a kind of bainitic steel rail steel with good resistance to surface fatigue damage and wearability, until Small part contains bainite structure, it is characterised in that its long axis is in the carbide between 100nm~1000nm in the bayesian Body tissue one gives between the gross area shared on section is the section 10%~50%."
Invent " improved non-carbide bainitic steel and its production method " (application number: bayesian disclosed in 96192013.0) The chemical component of body steel includes C0.05-0.50%, Si and/or Al 1.00-3.00%, Mn0.50-2.50%, Cr0.25- 2.50%, Ni0-3.00%, S0-0.025%, W0-1.00%, Mo0-1.00%, Cu0-3%, Ti0-0.10%, V0- 0.50% and B0-0.005%, Fe be remaining and adjoint impurity.Although boracic, chemical composition ranges are very wide in range, give rail product Quality control brings difficulty.The invention does not propose specific technological parameter yet, and production technology is only proposed " from its rolling temperature The continuous natural cooling rail to room temperature, or acceleration cools down the rail to room temperature in air ".
Invention " the tough weldable air-cooled great health bainitic steel of the dedicated superelevation of railroad frog " (application number: 98124899.3) open Bainitic steel chemical component " (Wt%) C0.10-0.6, Si≤2.65, Mn0.50-3.20, Cr0.20-2.80, Ni≤3.50, Mo≤2.00, remainder are Fe, and are added on its basic ingredient one or two or more kinds of following elements (Wt%): Nb≤ 0.20, V≤0.20, Ti≤0.20, Re≤0.10, B≤0.008." production technology is empty after 850 DEG C~1000 DEG C austenitizings Cold ,≤650 tempering are become a useful person.Tempering is needed after the invention hot rolling and air cooling, production technology is complicated, it is difficult to guarantee that rail quality is stablized Property.
The content chemical composition ranges that above three invention is opened are wide in range, and bainite rail chemical composition ranges are wide, give steel Rail control of product quality brings very big difficulty.Under conditions of continuous air-cooled after rail hot rolling, bainite structure is generally by Ovshinsky The high, medium and low temperature transmutation product of body is constituted, when the chemical composition ranges of steel are excessively wide in range, above-mentioned high, medium and low temperature organizational composition Larger change will occur for ratio and scale, therefore can cause properties of product that biggish fluctuation occurs, and be unfavorable for the steady of product quality It is fixed, it is less useful for the control of welding quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above problem and insufficient and provide a kind of with excellent resistance for delayed fracture Boracic bainite rail, bainite rail obdurability after burning optimization on line is superior to hot rolled bainite steel rail, without subsequent time Fire processing, so that it may be applied on railway.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Within the scope of the chemical composition ranges of steel are limited in reasonably;Alloying element is added and realizes tunneling boring bainite group The purpose knitted, but alloy total amount is unsuitable excessively high, it is excessively high, increase cost and increases the tendency that excessive martensite is precipitated in steel With the tendency of element segregation, steel toughness plasticity deteriorates or performance inconsistency is serious, and alloy total amount is too low, is unable to get tunneling boring and is The bainite rail of bainite structure;Further boron element is limited in: within the scope of 0.0006-0.0015%, avoiding boron member The adverse effect of plain On Impact Toughness, while the resistance for delayed fracture of steel gets a promotion, the upper limit of the residual hydrogen of steel can be improved to 0.00017%.Therefore alloying element range proposed by the present invention is more accurate.
Design ingredient within the scope of bainite rail after burning optimization on line obdurability be superior to hot rolled bainite steel rail, Without subsequent tempering, so that it may be applied on railway.
A kind of boracic bainite rail that resistance for delayed fracture is excellent and its production method, the ingredient of the rail is by weight Percentages are as follows: [C]: 0.18%-0.26%;[Si]: 1.30%-1.70%;[Mn]: 1.75%-2.15%;[Cr]: 0.30%-0.70%;[Mo]: 0.15%-0.40%, [P]≤0.020%, [S]≤0.010%, [B]: 0.0006%- 0.0015%, [Ti]: 0.01%-0.03%, [H] :≤0.00017%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity element.
It is as follows that present component designs reason:
Carbon is most effective intensified element, thus it is acceptable in engineering under the premise of, content is higher, and cost is lower, Therefore its content should be improved as far as possible, but no more than 0.26%, martensite proportion is excessively high in steel if more than 0.26%, The toughness plasticity of steel will receive influence;Its content not preferably less than 0.18% simultaneously, otherwise needs to increase containing for other alloying elements Amount is to strengthen steel matrix, and cost of alloy is excessively high, and steel grade does not have competitiveness, and carbon content within this range, realizes the good of obdurability Good matching.
Silicon generally as reinforced ferrite element be added steel in, in this steel, it primarily serve inhibit ε-carbide or The effect that cementite is precipitated, non-carbide precipitate due to carbon segregation and convert the austenite to temperature lower than room temperature, with remnants The form of austenite remains.Previous typical bainite is divided into upper bainite and lower bainite, wherein containing in difference The cementite that position is precipitated, cementite can cause the toughness plasticity of steel to significantly reduce, therefore low-carbon bainite steel answering in engineering With seldom, only ultra-low carbon bainite is applied.With the addition of element silicon, the cementite in bainitic steel, which is precipitated, to be pressed down System, the non-carbide bainitic steel toughness plasticity that continuous coo1ing obtains significantly improve.Silicone content is lower than 1.30%, then cannot achieve suppression The purpose that cementite processed is precipitated, silicone content are higher than 1.70%, and remained austenite content increases in steel and carbon content is too low, residual austenite The stability of body reduces, and the toughness plasticity of steel equally reduces.
Manganese element is that it is strong to have primarily served phase transformation in this steel than more typical cheap, displaced type solution strengthening element The effect of change, therefore in order to reduce the cost of alloy of steel, additional amount is bigger.Additional amount is lower than 1.75%, then needs to increase it The content of his expensive alloying elements, therefore it is both economical for being higher than 1.75%, but additional amount should not also be higher than 2.15%, add The trend for entering the excessively high then element segregation of amount increases, and another aspect structure property especially toughness plasticity will be substantially reduced.
It needs to control Mn content 2.15% hereinafter, the insufficient portion of harden ability to reduce the trend of segregation Divide and is usually made up by the way that Cr member is added.
Cr is the harden ability element for significantly improving steel, and suitable Cr is added in steel, and ferrite electrode potential also can be improved, and is promoted So that the surface of steel is formed fine and close oxidation film, improves its corrosion resistance.Cr content is low, and hardness is insufficient after heat treatment, Cr too high levels, Increase cost of alloy, therefore, the present invention controls in 0.3%~0.7% range of Cr content.
Molybdenum element is typical postponement perlitic transformation, separates bainite and perlitic transformation C curve, to keep steel easy It is the alloying element for making rail tunneling boring that can obtain bainite structure under the conditions of hot rolling and air cooling in bainite transformation occurs. Mo content should be higher than that 0.15% in order to achieve the above objectives, but be sufficient below 0.40%.
Boron: in bainitic steel, since boron is in the enough precipitations for effectively inhibiting pro-eutectoid ferrite of segregation energy, B With the compound addition of Mo, it can be individually added into than Mo and postpone ferrite and pearlite transformation more significantly, since boron element is added Amount is less and ferro-boron is cheap, therefore boron element often becomes the first choice of bainitic steel.Largely studies have shown that since boron is in crystalline substance Boundary's segregation also easily causes the loss of impact flexibility, therefore is just added without boron element when more demanding impact flexibility.When When boron element is more than 0.0015%, the impact flexibility of bainite rail is decreased obviously, and by boron element be limited in 0.0015% with When lower, impact flexibility remains at higher level, when B < 0.0006%, does not act on the raising of elongation percentage, therefore, control [B]: 0.0006%-0.0015%.After joined micro boron element, the resistance for delayed fracture of steel (elongation percentage significantly improves) It gets a promotion, the upper limit of the residual hydrogen of bainitic steel rail steel can be improved to 0.00017%.
Ti is that fine TiN and TiCN can be precipitated after carrying out trace Ti processing in steel in strong nitride forming element Son hinders Austenite Grain Growth, refines crystal grain, and another aspect Ti can reduce the formation rate of BN, reduce BN in conjunction with N Harm, give full play to solid solution B improve hardenability effect.The nitrogen fixation effect of Ti content 0.01-0.03%, Ti are best, and titanium contains Amount is lower than 0.01%, does not have an effect of fixed nitrogen, and Ti content is higher than 0.03%, fixed nitrogen while also will form coarse Ti (N, C) non-metallic inclusion reduces purity of steel.
A kind of production method for the boracic bainite rail that resistance for delayed fracture is excellent, including smelting-continuous casting-slab Heating-hot rolling-heat treatment, the heat treatment are that rail hot rolling is air-cooled to 700 DEG C ± 60 DEG C or 600 DEG C ± 60 DEG C later, it 300 DEG C ± 40 DEG C are cooled to the cooling rate of 0.5 DEG C/s-4 DEG C/s afterwards, is then air-cooled to room temperature.
700 DEG C ± 60 DEG C or 600 DEG C ± 60 DEG C are air-cooled to after rail hot rolling, rail hot rolling and air cooling has been able to inhibit first The precipitation of eutectoid ferrite, as long as therefore start transition temperature (Bs) or more in bainite, according to environment temperature (environment temperature≤ 0 DEG C is air-cooled to 600 DEG C ± 60 DEG C, and environment temperature > 0 DEG C is air-cooled to 700 DEG C ± 60 DEG C) will start fast cooling temperature control compared with Within the scope of narrow, it can achieve the purpose that limit cooling velocity fluctuation.
It is cooling with the cooling velocity of 0.5 DEG C/s-4 DEG C/s, it is because cooling rate is excessively slow, structure of steel when cooling rate is lower than 0.5 DEG C/s In have more medium temperature block type transformation and occur, this structure stability is poor, and cooling rate is higher than 4 DEG C/s, martensite institute accounting in steel Regular meeting increases sharply, and the fracture mechanical property of steel can be caused to deteriorate, therefore, cooling velocity preferably controls between 0.5-4 DEG C/s.
Accelerate cooling final cooling temperature control at 300 DEG C ± 40 DEG C, exactly in order to make to accelerate cooling terminate in bainite transformation In temperature (Bs-Bf) range, 300 DEG C ± 40 DEG C can further make accelerate cooling termination temperature fall in narrow range it It is interior, start bainite transformation or transformation amount not yet seldom higher than 340 DEG C or medium temperature bainite proportion is higher, it is unfavorable In the toughness for improving steel, it is lower than 260 DEG C, bainite cryo tissue, even martensite transfor mation proportion are excessively high, the disruptive force of steel Penalty is learned, is limited to the cooling temperature range of acceleration is terminated, that is, the formation for avoiding high temperature transformation tissue is also reduced The formation of low-temperature transformation tissue.So accelerating cooling final cooling temperature control at 300 DEG C ± 40 DEG C.
Above-mentioned process technology scheme by technological specification be limited in one it is relatively narrow and reasonable within the scope of, to make to start It is cooling with terminate cooling structural state and more tend to consistent, to obtain uniformly tiny bainite structure, guarantee rail quality is steady It is fixed.The consistency of tissue morphology is then influenced beyond the range.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are the bainite rail designed within the scope of ingredient can be through burning optimization on line It is applied on railway, and the resistance for delayed fracture of steel gets a promotion.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The embodiment of the present invention is according to the component proportion of technical solution, including at refining-continuous casting-slab heating-hot rolling-heat Reason, the ingredient of steel of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in Table 1.The main technologic parameters of steel of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in Table 2.Steel of the embodiment of the present invention Performance be shown in Table 3.
The ingredient (wt%) of 1 steel of the embodiment of the present invention of table
The main technologic parameters of 2 steel of the embodiment of the present invention of table
The performance of 3 steel of the embodiment of the present invention of table

Claims (1)

1. a kind of boracic bainite rail that resistance for delayed fracture is excellent, which is characterized in that the ingredient of the rail by weight hundred Divide as follows than counting: [C]: 0.18%-0.26%;[Si]: 1.30%-1.70%;[Mn]: 1.75%-2.15%;[Cr]: 0.30%-0.70%;[Mo]: 0.15%-0.40%, [P]≤0.020%, [S]≤0.010%, [B]: 0.0006%- 0.0015%, [Ti]: 0.01%-0.03%, [H] :≤0.00017%, remaining is iron and inevitable impurity element;It is described The production method of boracic bainite rail includes smelting-continuous casting-slab heating-hot rolling-heat treatment, and the heat treatment is rail heat It is air-cooled to 700 DEG C ± 60 DEG C or 600 DEG C ± 60 DEG C after rolling, is cooled to 300 DEG C ± 40 later with the cooling rate of 0.5 DEG C/s-4 DEG C/s DEG C, then it is air-cooled to room temperature.
CN201610737596.2A 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 The excellent boracic bainite rail of resistance for delayed fracture and its production method Active CN107779759B (en)

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CN110607488A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-24 鞍钢股份有限公司 Online heat treatment steel rail for high-speed railway and manufacturing method thereof
CN112301200A (en) * 2020-10-13 2021-02-02 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Steel rail with delayed fracture resistance and preparation method thereof
CN112276030B (en) * 2020-10-13 2021-11-19 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 High-strength delayed fracture-resistant hot-rolled steel rail and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1255949A (en) * 1998-01-14 2000-06-07 新日本制铁株式会社 Bainite type rail excellent in surface fatigue damage resistance and wear resistance
CN1978690A (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 Bainite steel rail with excellent anti-fatigue performance and its production method
CN101942616A (en) * 2010-09-15 2011-01-12 北京科技大学 Bainite steel plate with high elongation, high strength and low carbon and production method thereof
CN103160736A (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-19 鞍钢股份有限公司 High strength bainitic steel rail and heat treatment process thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1255949A (en) * 1998-01-14 2000-06-07 新日本制铁株式会社 Bainite type rail excellent in surface fatigue damage resistance and wear resistance
CN1978690A (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 Bainite steel rail with excellent anti-fatigue performance and its production method
CN101942616A (en) * 2010-09-15 2011-01-12 北京科技大学 Bainite steel plate with high elongation, high strength and low carbon and production method thereof
CN103160736A (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-19 鞍钢股份有限公司 High strength bainitic steel rail and heat treatment process thereof

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