CN110467559B - 一种基于二芳基酮的化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用 - Google Patents

一种基于二芳基酮的化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用 Download PDF

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CN110467559B
CN110467559B CN201810450573.2A CN201810450573A CN110467559B CN 110467559 B CN110467559 B CN 110467559B CN 201810450573 A CN201810450573 A CN 201810450573A CN 110467559 B CN110467559 B CN 110467559B
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李崇
赵四杰
张兆超
庞羽佳
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Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于二芳基酮的化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用,该化合物具有分子间不易结晶、不易聚集、具有良好成膜性的特点,而且分子中的刚性基团可以提高材料的热稳定性。将本发明化合物作为发光层材料应用于有机电致发光器件上,应用本发明化合物的发光器件具有良好的光电性能表现,可以更好的适应和满足面板制造企业的应用要求。

Description

一种基于二芳基酮的化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,尤其是涉及一种含有二芳基酮的化合物,以及其作为发光层材料在有机发光二极管上的应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光(OLED:Organic Light EmissionDiodes)器件技术可以用来制造新型显示产品和照明产品,有望替代现有的液晶显示和荧光灯照明,应用前景十分广泛。
然而,传统有机荧光材料只能利用电激发形成的25%单线态激子发光,器件的内量子效率较低(最高为25%)。外量子效率普遍低于5%,与磷光器件的效率还有很大差距。尽管磷光材料由于重原子中心强的自旋-轨道耦合增强了系间窜越,可以有效利用电激发形成的单线态激子和三线态激子发光,使器件的内量子效率达100%。但磷光材料存在价格昂贵,材料稳定性较差,器件效率滚落严重等问题限制了其在OLEDs的应用。热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料是继有机荧光材料和有机磷光材料之后发展的第三代有机发光材料。该类材料一般具有小的单线态-三线态能级差(△EST),三线态激子可以通过反系间窜越转变成单线态激子发光。这可以充分利用电激发下形成的单线态激子和三线态激子,器件的内量子效率可以达到100%。同时,材料结构可控,性质稳定,价格便宜无需贵重金属,在OLEDs领域的应用前景广阔。
虽然理论上TADF材料可以实现100%的激子利用率,但实际上存在如下问题:(1)设计分子的T1和S1态具有强的CT特征,非常小的S1-T1态能隙,虽然可以通过TADF过程实现高T1→S1态激子转化率,但同时导致低的S1态辐射跃迁速率,因此,难于兼具(或同时实现)高激子利用率和高荧光辐射效率;(2)即使已经采用掺杂器件减轻T激子浓度猝灭效应,大多数TADF材料的器件在高电流密度下效率滚降严重。
就当前OLED显示照明产业的实际需求而言,目前OLED材料的发展还远远不够,落后于面板制造企业的要求,作为材料企业开发更高性能的有机功能材料显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本申请人提供了一种基于二芳基酮的化合物及其在有机电致发光器件上的应用。本发明化合物基于TADF机理,作为发光层材料应用于OLED,制作出的OLED器件具有良好的光电性能,能够满足面板制造企业的要求。
本发明的技术方案如下:
其中X、Y相同或不同的表示为N或CH;且N原子数为0、1或2;在X与Ar1结合的情况下X为C,在Y与Ar2结合的情况下Y为C;
Ar1、Ar2分别表示为通式(2)所示结构:
通式(2)中,R1、R2分别独立的选取氢、卤素、C1-C6的烷基或环烷基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、或通式(3)所示基团,R1、R2不同时为氢原子;
其中,a为X1、X2分别表示为氧原子、硫原子、硒原子、C1-10直链或支链烷基取代的亚烷基、C6-20芳基取代的亚烷基、C1-10烷基或C6-20芳基取代的亚胺基中的一种;*表示为或通式(3)所示基团与通式(2)CL1-CL2键、CL2-CL3键、CL3-CL4键、CL’1-CL’2键、CL’2-CL’3键或CL’3-CL’4键的连接位点。
当R1、R2中的至少一个为时,通式(2)选自以下结构:
当R1、R2中的至少一个为通式(3)所示基团且a为时,通式(2)选自以下结构:
优选的,当R1、R2中的至少一个为通式(3)所示基团且a取时,通式(2)选自以下结构:
优选的,当R1、R2中的至少一个为通式(3)所示基团且a取时,通式(2)选自以下结构:
优选的,当R1、R2中的至少一个为通式(3)所示基团且a取时,通式(2)选自以下结构:
优选的,所述化合物的具体结构式为:
中的任一种。
本申请人还提供了一种发光器件,所述发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层的主体材料或掺杂材料为所述基于二芳基酮的化合物。
本申请人还提供了一种含有所述基于二芳基酮的化合物的发光器件在有机发光二极管领域的应用。
本申请人还提供了一种制备所述基于二芳基酮的化合物的方法,反应方程式是:
称取二溴代芳基酮和Ar1-H及Ar2-H,用甲苯溶解;再加入Pd2(dba)3、三叔丁基膦、叔丁醇钠;在惰性气氛下,将上述反应物的混合溶液于反应温度95~110℃,反应10~24小时,冷却并过滤反应溶液,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物;所述二溴代芳基酮与RH的摩尔比为1:2.0~3.0,Pd2(dba)3与二溴代芳基酮的摩尔比为0.006~0.02:1,三叔丁基膦与二溴代芳基酮的摩尔比为0.006~0.02:1,叔丁醇钠与二溴代芳基酮的摩尔比为1.0~3.0:1。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
本发明化合物以二芳基酮为母核,两侧连接两个芳香杂环基团,避免了分子间的聚集作用,分子中多为刚性基团,具有好的成膜性和荧光量子效率,可以作为发光层掺杂材料使用;所述化合物结构分子内包含电子给体(donor,D)与电子受体(acceptor,A)的组合可以增加轨道重叠、提高发光效率,同时两侧连接两个芳香杂环基团以获得HOMO、LUMO空间分离的电荷转移态材料,实现小的S1态和T1态的能级差,从而在热刺激条件下实现反向系间窜越,适合作为发光层主体材料使用。
本发明所述化合物可作为发光层材料应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且分别作为发光层主体材料或掺杂材料,均可以获得良好的器件表现,器件的电流效率,功率效率和外量子效率均得到很大改善;同时,对于器件寿命提升非常明显。
本发明所述化合物在OLED发光器件中具有良好的应用效果,具有良好的产业化前景。
本发明涉及一种发光器件,所述发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层的主体材料或掺杂材料为如上所述基于二芳基酮的化合物。
本发明涉及一种照明或显示元件,包括如上所述的发光器件。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物应用于OLED器件的结构示意图;
其中,1为透明基板层,2为ITO阳极层,3为空穴注入层,4为空穴传输层,5为发光层,6为电子传输层,7为电子注入层,8为阴极反射电极层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1:化合物1的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01mol A1,0.025mol B1,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全;自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度99.5%,收率70.3%。
元素分析结构(分子式C57H52N2O):理论值C,87.65;H,6.71;N,3.59;O,2.05;测试值:C,87.69;H,6.70;N,3.58;O,2.03。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为781.06,实测分子量780.32。
实施例2:化合物13的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物13的合成步骤与化合物1的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B1用化合物B2代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C75H54N4O):理论值C,87.69;H,5.30;N,5.45;O,1.56;测试值:C,86.68;H,5.26;N,5.41;O,1.53。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1027.28,实测分子量1026.85。
实施例3:化合物21的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物21的合成步骤与化合物1的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B1用化合物B3代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C63H44N2O3S2):理论值C,80.40;H,4.71;N,2.98;O,5.10;S,6.81;
测试值:C,80.49;H,4.69;N,2.96;O,5.08;S,6.78。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为941.18,实测分子量940.72。
实施例4:化合物28的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物28的合成步骤与化合物1的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B1用化合物B3代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C77H44N2O5):理论值C,85.86;H,4.12;N,2.60;O,7.43;测试值:C,85.73;H,2.64;N,7.48;O,7.47。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1077.21,实测分子量1076.55。
实施例5:化合物31的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA2,0.025mol B1,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度99.2%,收率69.1%。
元素分析结构(分子式C55H50N4O):理论值C,84.37;H,6.44;N,7.16;O,2.04;测试值:C,84.25;H,6.48;N,7.20;O,2.08。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为783.03,实测分子量784.16。
实施例6:化合物37的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物37的合成步骤与化合物31的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B1用化合物B5代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C59H34N4O):理论值C,86.96;H,4.21;N,6.88;O,1.96;测试值:C,86.85;H,4.25;N,6.92;O,1.99。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为814.95,实测分子量813.68。
实施例7:化合物42的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物42的合成步骤与化合物31的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B1用化合物B6代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C67H34N4O5):理论值C,82.53;H,3.51;N,5.75;O,8.20;测试值:C,82.42;H,3.54;N,5.79;O,8.24。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为975.03,实测分子量974.34。
实施例8:化合物52的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA3,0.025mol B7,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度98.9%,收率72.4%。
元素分析结构(分子式C57H54N4O):理论值C,84.41;H,6.71;N,6.91;O,1.97;测试值:C,84.47;H,6.70;N,6.90;O,1.93。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为811.09,实测分子量810.27。
实施例9:化合物64的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
化合物64的合成步骤与化合物52的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物B7用化合物B8代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C67H34N4O5S4):理论值C,72.94;H,3.11;N,5.08;O,7.25;S,11.62;测试值:C,73.05;H,3.09;N,5.05;O,7.22;S,11.59。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1103.27,实测分子量1104.82。
实施例10:化合物75的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA4,0.025mol B9,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度98.6%,收率67.8%。
元素分析结构(分子式C65H46N4O):理论值C,86.83;H,5.16;N,6.23;O,1.78;测试值:C,86.73;H,5.19;N,6.26;O,1.82。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为899.11,实测分子量900.69。
实施例11:化合物91的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA5,0.025mol B10,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度99.0%,收率65.6%。
元素分析结构(分子式C75H42N4O):理论值C,88.73;H,4.17;N,5.52;O,1.58;测试值:C,88.58;H,4.21;N,5.60;O,1.61。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1015.19,实测分子量1014.01。
实施例12:化合物108的合成
现提供该化合物的具体合成路线:
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA6,0.025mol B11,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度98.8%,收率68.4%。
元素分析结构(分子式C67H34N4O9):理论值C,77.45;H,3.30;N,5.39;O,13.86;测试值:C,78.49;H,3.26;N,5.35;O,13.80。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为1039.03,实测分子量1040.21。
实施例13:化合物116的合成
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA7,0.025mol B12,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度99.3%,收率67.3%。
元素分析结构(分子式C59H34N4O):理论值C,86.96;H,4.21;N,6.88;O,1.96;测试值:C,86.85;H,4.25;N,6.92;O,1.99。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为814.95,实测分子量815.13。
实施例14:化合物128的合成
化合物128的合成步骤与化合物1的合成步骤相似,只是将化合物A1用化合物A8代替;
元素分析结构(分子式C56H51N3O):理论值C,86.01;H,6.57;N,5.37;O,2.05;测试值:C,86.13;H,6.53;N,5.32;O,2.02。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为782.04,实测分子量783.46。
实施例15:化合物148的合成
250ml的四口瓶,在通入氮气的气氛下,加入0.01molA9,0.025mol B13,0.03mol叔丁醇钠,1×10-4mol Pd2(dba)3,1×10-4mol三叔丁基膦,150ml甲苯,加热回流24小时,取样点板,反应完全。自然冷却,过滤,滤液旋蒸,过硅胶柱,得到目标产物,纯度98.6%,收率63.2%。
元素分析结构(分子式C67H34N4O5):理论值C,82.53;H,3.51;N,5.75;O,8.20;测试值:C,82.40;H,3.55;N,5.79;O,8.25。
HPLC-MS:材料分子量为975.03,实测分子量973.86。
本发明化合物可以作为发光层材料,对本发明化合物1、31、52、75、108、148和现有材料CBP进行热性能、发光光谱及HOMO、LUMO能级的测定,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
注:热失重温度Td是在氮气气氛中失重1%的温度,在日本岛津公司的TGA-50H热重分析仪上进行测定,氮气流量为20mL/min;λPL是样品溶液荧光发射波长,利用日本拓普康SR-3分光辐射度计测定;Φf是固体粉末荧光量子效率(利用美国海洋光学的Maya2000Pro光纤光谱仪,美国蓝菲公司的C-701积分球和海洋光学LLS-LED光源组成的测试固体荧光量子效率测试系统,参照文献Adv.Mater.1997,9,230-232的方法进行测定);最高占据分子轨道HOMO能级及最低占据分子轨道LUMO能级是由光电子发射谱仪(AC-2型PESA)、紫外可见分光光度计测定,测试为大气环境。
由上表数据可知,本发明化合物具有合适的HOMO、LUMO能级以及较高的热稳定性,适合作为发光层的主体材料;同时,本发明化合物具有合适的发光光谱,较高的Φf,使得应用本发明化合物作为掺杂材料的OLED器件效率和寿命得到提升。
以下通过实施例16~24和比较例1~3详细说明本发明合成的OLED材料在器件中作为发光层主体材料的应用效果。本发明所述17~24、比较例1~3与实施例16相比所述器件的制作工艺完全相同,并且所采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是对器件中的发光层5的主体材料做了变换。各实施例所得器件的结构组成如表2所示。所得器件的测试结果见表3所示。
实施例16
透明基板层1/ITO阳极层2/空穴注入层3(三氧化钼MoO3,厚度10nm)/空穴传输层4(TAPC,厚度80nm)/发光层5(化合物1和GD19按照100:5的重量比混掺,厚度30nm)/电子传输层6(TPBI,厚度40nm)/电子注入层7(LiF,厚度1nm)/Al。相关材料的分子结构式如下所示:
具体制备过程如下:
透明基板层1为透明基材,如透明PI膜、玻璃等。
对ITO阳极层2(膜厚为150nm)进行洗涤,即依次进行碱洗涤、纯水洗涤、干燥,再进行紫外线-臭氧洗涤以清除透明ITO表面的有机残留物。
在进行了上述洗涤之后的ITO阳极层2上,利用真空蒸镀装置,蒸镀膜厚为10nm的三氧化钼MoO3作为空穴注入层3使用。紧接着蒸镀80nm厚度的TAPC作为空穴传输层4。
上述空穴传输材料蒸镀结束后,制作OLED发光器件的发光层5,其结构包括OLED发光层5所使用材料化合物1作为主体材料,GD19作为掺杂材料,掺杂材料掺杂比例为5%重量比,发光层膜厚为30nm。
在上述发光层5之后,继续真空蒸镀电子传输层材料为TPBI。该材料的真空蒸镀膜厚为40nm,此层为电子传输层6。
在电子传输层6上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为1nm的氟化锂(LiF)层,此层为电子注入层7。
在电子注入层7上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为80nm的铝(Al)层,此层为阴极反射电极层8使用。
如上所述地完成OLED发光器件后,用公知的驱动电路将阳极和阴极连接起来,测量器件的电流效率,发光光谱以及器件的寿命。用同样的方法制备的器件实施例和比较例如表2所示;所得器件的测试结果见表3所示。
表2
表3
表2的器件制备方法和表3的测试结果表明:实施例16~18为本发明所述化合物作为发光层TADF主体材料应用于OLED发光器件制作;实施例19~21为本发明所述化合物作为发光层主体材料搭配TADF掺杂材料应用于OLED发光器件制作;实施例22~24为本发明所述化合物作为发光层Co-host材料搭配咔唑类主体材料应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且与比较例1、2、3相比;无论是效率还是寿命均比已知OLED材料获得较大提升。
以下通过实施例25~33和比较例4说明本发明合成的化合物在器件中作为发光层掺杂材料的应用效果。本发明所述25~33、比较例4与实施例16相比所述器件的制作工艺完全相同,并且所采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是器件的传输层膜厚及发光层5中的掺杂材料不同,掺杂浓度变为7%。各器件的结构组成如表4所示。所得器件的测试结果见表5所示。
表4
表5
表5的结果表明:本发明所述化合物可作为发光层掺杂材料应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且与比较例4相比,无论是效率还是寿命均比已知OLED材料获得较大改观,特别是器件的驱动寿命获得较大的提升。
为了比较不同器件在高电流密度下效率衰减的情况,定义效率衰减系数进行表示,它表示驱动电流为100mA/cm2时器件的最大效率μ100与器件的最大效率μm之差与最大效率之间的比值,值越大,说明器件的效率滚降越严重,反之,说明器件在高电流密度下快速衰降的问题得到了控制。
本发明化合物可以作为发光层材料使用,对本发明化合物31、52、75和现有材料CBP制备器件分别进行效率衰减系数的测定,检测结果如表6所示:
表6
从以上数据应用来看,本发明化合物作为发光层材料在OLED发光器件中具有良好的应用效果,具有良好的产业化前景。
虽然已通过实施例和优选实施方式公开了本发明,但应理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施方式。相反,本领域技术人员应明白,其意在涵盖各种变型和类似的安排。因此,所附权利要求的范围应与最宽的解释相一致以涵盖所有这样的变型和类似的安排。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于二芳基酮的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的具体结构式为:
2.一种发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层的主体材料或掺杂材料为权利要求1项所述基于二芳基酮的化合物。
3.一种照明或显示元件,其特征在于,包括如权利要求2所述的发光器件。
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