CN110454740A - 汽车照明和/或信号装置 - Google Patents

汽车照明和/或信号装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110454740A
CN110454740A CN201910378611.2A CN201910378611A CN110454740A CN 110454740 A CN110454740 A CN 110454740A CN 201910378611 A CN201910378611 A CN 201910378611A CN 110454740 A CN110454740 A CN 110454740A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
light
luminous component
wall
signal device
illumination
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Pending
Application number
CN201910378611.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
J-P·埃兰
S·帕罗尼
P·齐利奥
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marelli Automotive Lighting Italy SpA
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Automotive Lighting Italia SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Automotive Lighting Italia SpA filed Critical Automotive Lighting Italia SpA
Publication of CN110454740A publication Critical patent/CN110454740A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235Light guides
    • F21S43/242Light guides characterised by the emission area
    • F21S43/245Light guides characterised by the emission area emitting light from one or more of its major surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/143Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/24Light guides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/37Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235Light guides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235Light guides
    • F21S43/236Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
    • F21S43/239Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide plate-shaped
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235Light guides
    • F21S43/247Light guides with a single light source being coupled into the light guide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • F21S43/33Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/40Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the combination of reflectors and refractors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0018Redirecting means on the surface of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G02B6/0021Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
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    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
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    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0051Diffusing sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2107/00Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种照明和/或信号装置,包括:光导,其从光入射和漫射壁延伸到产生照明和/或信号装置的发光部分的光出射壁;至少一个LED光源,其适于沿主光轴发射光束,面向光入射和漫射壁的光发射部分,光束通过朝向光出射壁的全内反射而传输;发光部分,包括中间发光部分和周边发光部分;除发光部分外,光导设置有在周边发光部分处布置在光入射和漫射壁上的提取元件;其中装置包括至少一个反射器元件,其与光导的光入射和漫射壁相关联并且直接面向相应的提取元件,以便朝向光出射壁反射光;其中布置漫射层以覆盖光出射壁侧上的发光部分;其中漫射层根据发光部分上的入射光线的光强度具有不同的透射系数,以便在整个发光部分上获得均匀的光强度。

Description

汽车照明和/或信号装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车照明和/或信号装置。
背景技术
术语“汽车照明和/或信号装置”在本文中以非常广泛的意义使用,以便包括后部和前部汽车灯,后者也称为前灯或前照灯。
因此,包括位置灯、方向指示灯、停车灯、后雾灯、倒车灯、近光前照灯、远光前照灯等。
此外,该术语还意旨包括地图灯,用于仪表板或其一部分的灯;因此,汽车照明和/或信号装置可以位于车辆内部和外部。
如已知的那样,所述汽车照明和/或信号装置可用于照明和用于发送视觉信号。
为了这些目的,所述装置包括多个发光部分,这些发光部分具有不同的颜色、不同的亮度水平,其也符合要遵守的规定等。然而,汽车灯越来越多地成为机动车辆的独特元件,并且因此将特殊的关注度放到其外观上。相关地在这种情况下,越来越需要制造下述汽车照明和/或信号装置,其确保发光部分的均匀性增加,以便除了功能需要之外还满足与外观相关的要求。
为此目的,在本领域中存在具有OLEDS的解决方案,其确保发光部分的均匀性增加;然而,这种解决方案非常昂贵,并且在任何情况下在发生故障的情况下在生命周期和诊断方面都具有限制。
发明内容
该后一种限制是不可忽略的,因为本领域内越来越多地要求不仅将汽车灯用作满足型式认可需求以便获得符合特定光度需求的光束的器械,而且将汽车灯用作车辆的特定设计器械,灯应用在其上。
因此,由灯发出的照明图案不仅起到实现信号和/或照明功能的作用,而且还起到产生准确的所需光效果的作用。
此外,照明和/或信号装置还可以用于发送诸如文本、图形符号之类的光信号,并且还用于制作由开启发光部分的精确序列所产生的光动画。
因此,本领域内需要提供一种价格合理的汽车照明和/或信号装置,其比OLEDS更有效并且能够确保可与用OLEDS获得的照明均匀性相比较的增强的照明均匀性,但是没有OLED技术的缺点。
这种需要通过根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车照明和/或信号装置来满足,所述汽车照明和/或信号装置包括光导,所述光导由LED光源从背面照亮并且能够提供没有亮点/暗区的照明表面。
在从属权利要求中描述本发明的其他实施例。
附图说明
从以下优选的非限制性实施例的描述,本发明的进一步特征和优点将变得更易理解,其中:
-图1以组装视图描绘根据本发明一个实施例的照明和/或信号装置的立体图;
-图2以分开的部分描绘图1中的照明和/或信号装置的立体图;
-图3描绘图1中的照明和/或信号装置的某些部件的立体图;
-图4以组装配置描绘图1中的照明和/或信号装置的正视图;
-图5描绘图1中的照明和/或信号装置沿着图4中所示的截面平面V-V的截面图;
-图6a-图6d描绘根据本发明的不同实施例的照明和/或信号装置的细节的截面图;
-图7描绘根据本发明的一个实施例的照明和/或信号模块的平面视图;
-图8描绘图7中模块的截面图;
-图9描绘根据本发明另一实施例的照明和/或信号模块的平面视图;
-图10描绘图9中的模块沿着图9中所示的截面平面X-X的截面图。
将使用相同的附图标记来指示稍后描述的实施例共有的元件或元件的部分。
具体实施方式
参考前述附图,4指示作为整体的照明和/或信号装置,诸如汽车灯,以下公开内容涉及所述照明和/或信号装置,但不是一般性的。
如上所述,术语“照明和/或信号装置”可以无差别地意味着后部汽车灯或前部汽车灯,后者也称为前灯或前照灯,所述照明和/或信号装置包括至少一个外部车灯,其起到照明和/或信号的作用,诸如像位置灯,其可以是方向指示灯的前位置灯、后位置灯、侧位置灯、停车灯、后雾灯、远光前照灯、近光前照灯等。
此外,术语“照明和/或信号装置”还意味着地图灯,用于仪表板或其一部分的灯,显示器等。
因此,如下面更好地描述的那样,在其信号功能中,所述装置可以包括发送光信号、标识以及任何种类的文本和光消息的可能性。
照明和/或信号装置4包括通常由聚合材料制成的容器主体或壳体8,其通常允许将照明和/或信号装置4紧固到相关车辆。
出于本发明的目的,容器主体或壳体8可以具有任何形状和尺寸,并且还可以定位:例如,容器主体8可以不直接连接到车身或车辆的其他紧固件。
如所示,容器主体8也可以在车辆内部连接,例如连接在仪表盘(dashboard)上、连接在仪表板上、连接在货物架上等。
容器主体8界定容纳座12,容纳座12容纳所述照明和/或信号装置的多个部件,并且特别是LED光源16。
LED光源16发射沿主光轴X-X漫射的光束。
换言之,LED光源16发射包括围绕主光轴X-X(优选地以轴对称方式)布置的多个光线的光束。
容器主体8连接到透镜体20,以便封闭容纳至少一个LED光源16的容纳座12。
出于本发明的目的,透镜体20可以在照明和/或信号装置4的外部,以便限定照明和/或信号装置的直接接触大气的至少一个外壁。
透镜体20封闭容纳座12并且适于被由LED光源16所产生的光束穿过,该光束被传输到容纳座12的外部。
为此目的,透镜体20由至少部分透明(transparent)或半透明(semi-transparent)或透光(translucent)的材料制成,它还能够包括一个或多个不透明部分,在任何情况下都允许由光源所产生的光束至少部分地穿过。
根据可能的实施例,透镜体20的材料是诸如PMMA,PC等的树脂。
用于方便地界定照明和/或信号装置4的光发射部分的掩模(mask)(未示出)也可以应用于透镜体20。
照明和/或信号装置4包括光导24,光导24位于由封闭容器主体与透镜体限定的壳体腔室中。这种光导24从适于接收光束的光入射和漫射壁28延伸到形成装置4的发光部分36的光出射壁32。
入射和漫射壁28和光出射壁32沿主光轴X彼此相对。
LED光源16面向光入射和漫射壁28的光发射部分40(在术语中称为入耦合(incoupling))。由LED光源16发射的光因此可以通过所述光发射部分40而进入光导24,以便通过在光入射和漫射壁28与光出射壁32之间的全内反射而传输。
发光部分36包括与LED光源16和光发射部分40对准的中间发光部分44,以及围绕所述中间发光部分44的周边发光部分48。优选地,发光部分36相对于LED光源16的主光轴X-X是轴对称的。
除了光发射部分40之外,光导24设置有在所述周边发光部分48处布置在光入射和漫射壁28上的提取元件52。
根据一个实施例,提取元件52是微光学器件,其直接或间接地将光朝向光出射壁32漫射。
例如,所述提取元件52可包括点状微光学器件和/或同心凹槽。
优选地,提取元件52根据非均匀图案布置,所述非均匀图案具有的密度随着与相应LED光源16的距离沿着径向方向R增加而增加,所述提取元件52包含在垂直于主光轴X-X并由主光轴X-X入射的平面中。
此外,照明和/或信号装置4包括至少一个反射器元件56,所述至少一个反射器元件56与光导24的光入射和漫射壁28相关联并且直接面向相应的提取元件52,以便朝向光出射壁32反射光。更详细地,提取元件52可以构造成将光朝向反射器元件56引导,使得它可以更均匀的方式将光朝向光出射壁32反射。或者,在一个替代实施例中,提取元件52可以构造成将光直接朝向光出射壁32引导,其中反射器元件56准备恢复由提取元件52在相反方向上损失的光。
根据可能的实施例,反射器元件56是白色薄膜(图6a、图6c、图6d)或镜子(图6b),其反射来自光导24的光入射和漫射壁28的光。
反射器元件56可以相对于光入射和漫射壁28放置在预定距离处,以便在两个元件之间形成间隙。这样的设计可以改善由反射器元件56反射的光的混合。然而,这种间隙可以尽可能地减小,直到被消除,以便减小照明和/或信号装置4的厚度,即光入射壁28和出射壁32之间的距离。
有利地,漫射层60或乳白色的或压纹层布置成覆盖光出射壁32侧上的发光部分36,如下面更好地描述的那样。
有利地,所述漫射层60根据发光部分36上的入射光线的光强度具有不同的透射因子,以便在整个发光部分36自身上获得均匀的光强度。
换言之,光出射壁32包括用于改变透射因子的器件,例如漫射层60,以选择性地改变光束沿着所述光出射壁32的透射因子,以便将光出射壁32的所述中间发光部分44和周边发光部分48的光强度(亮度)进行平衡、同等化、使其匀化,均匀。
具体地,根据一个实施例,在入射光线在发光部分上具有较强的光处,漫射层60具有较小的透射系数,以及在入射光线在发光部分36上具有较小的光强度处,漫射层60具有较大的透射系数。
根据一个实施例,漫射层60在中间发光部分44处具有较小的透射系数,以及在周边发光部分48处具有较大的透射系数。
根据可能的实施例,漫射层60包括乳白色层,并且透射因子变化通过乳白色层的厚度S相对于平行于LED光源16的主光轴X-X的截面平面的变化来获得。
根据一个变型,可以通过改变乳白色材料的散射颗粒的密度和/或大小来获得乳白色层的透射因子变化。
优选地,乳白色层的厚度S在中间发光部分44处较大并且在周边发光部分48处较小。
根据另一可能的实施例,漫射层60包括压纹层,并且通过压纹层相对于平行于LED光源16的主光轴X-X的截面平面的压纹密度/粗糙度和/或厚度S的变化来获得透射因子变化。
优选地,压纹层的厚度S和/或压纹密度在中间发光部分44处较大并且在周边发光部分48处较小。
根据另一个可能的实施例,漫射层可以包括丝网印刷层,并且可以通过不同的图案来获得透射因子变化。
根据可能的实施例,在光出射壁32处在LED光源16处提供圆柱形光学器件64,所述圆柱形光学器件64将其上的入射光线朝向漫射层60提取。
例如,所述圆柱形光学器件64是圆柱形路径/凹槽/凸起,它们相对于LED光源16的主光轴X-X彼此同心。
优选地,所述圆柱形光学器件64布置在光出射壁32的中间发光部分44处。因此设置有这种圆柱形光学器件64的光出射壁32的中间发光部分44消除在光导24内部反射光的双重功能,因此满足全内反射的条件,并且同时优选地但不是必须地,沿着与LED光源的主光轴X-X平行的方向从光导24提取光。
根据一个实施例,光出射壁32上的所述圆柱形光学器件64与光入射和漫射壁28上的提取元件52相关地配置,以便在发光部分36上提取光强度总体相等的光线,从而获得均匀的照明。
出于本发明的目的,直接面对LED光源16的光发射部分40可以呈现特定的几何形状。
优选地,传输部分具有凹陷,例如具有球形帽的几何形状,其朝向LED光源16凹入。光导24在光发射部分40处在光出射壁32的侧面上具有锥形部分68,其相对于LED光源16的主光轴X-X轴对称,具有面向光发射部分40并与LED光源16对准的顶点V。
优选地,漫射层60具有平面周边部分72和锥形中间突起76,锥形中间突起76相对于光导24的锥形部分68呈反向形状。
根据可能的实施例,相对于平行于LED光源16的主光轴X-X的截面平面,光入射和漫射壁28的光发射部分40包括:
-第一下部拉伸部80,其成形为偏转/折射形成第一角度α(其优选地小于50°)的光线,使得它们可以影响光出射壁32的锥形部分68并且通过沿着由光入射壁28和光出射壁32界定的光导24的一部分的全内反射而被后者即光出射壁32的锥形部分68反射。
-与第一下部拉伸部80邻接的第二下部拉伸部88,其配置成将以大于第一角度α并且小于第二角度β(其小于81°)的角度发射的光线朝向与锥形部分68相邻的光出射壁32的一部分引导,使得它们可以通过沿着由光入射壁28和光出射壁32界定的光导24的一部分的全内反射而被反射。
-与第二下部拉伸部88邻接的第三下部拉伸部92,其配置成不反射从第二下部拉伸88折射的光线。
根据一个实施例,提取元件52和反射器元件56从与第三下部拉伸部92邻接的第四下部拉伸部96布置。
在一个实施例中,支撑LED光源16的电子板的反射器元件56具有白色着色,或类似于薄膜或层之一的涂层。
以上描述的内容涉及单个的信号和/或照明装置4;实际上,该装置又可以通过一起放置多个照明和/或信号装置来获得,每个照明和/或信号装置由相应的LED光源16照亮。
换言之,可以制造照明和/或信号模块104,其包括多个照明和/或信号装置4',4”,其中相互邻接的装置4',4”的发光部分36',36”由对于由相应的LED光源16',16”所发射的每个光束的光线不透明的屏障元件100分开。
例如,照明和/或信号装置的所述反射器元件56还在一起放置的照明和/或相互邻接的信号装置4',4”处充当屏障元件100。
根据可能的变型,屏障元件100包括对光不透明的薄膜和/或对光不透明的分离器隔片。
屏障元件100还可以与反射器元件56共同模制。
还值得注意的是,光导24',24”的形状和大小可以变化;光导的数量可以大于两个,并且光导24',24”可以布置成形成具有任何形状和延伸部的诸如像图7至10所示的发光部分36',36”。
由此,可以开启不同的发光部分,也可以增加数量(远超过两个单位),以便产生可能的光学效果,或者此外以便用所述发光部分创建可具有与传统照明装置相关的其他功能的文本、标识、消息。
由此,照明装置4也成为图像形成装置。为此目的,光导24可以被成形和布置成具有根据不同几何图案布置的发光部分:由此,可以组成包括数字和字母表的字母的字母数字代码。
显然,由于相应LED光源的单独控制,用于开启各个发光部分的合适顺序将允许根据用户需要获得特定的图形效果、文本以及还有各种类型的动画。
由于漫射层60的实施,最终的技术效果是由照明和/或信号装置的发光部分发射的光束进一步均匀化以获得完全等同于可以用OLED技术获得的照明均匀性的照明均匀性。
如从所描述的内容可以注意到的那样,本发明允许克服现有技术中呈现的缺点。
具体地,根据本发明的汽车照明和/或信号装置允许获得设有具有任何亮度等级的部分的任何预定光图案,能够消除灯的所有光度规格,但也能够发射光、任何类型的图形信号,以便除了光信号和照明器械之外成为用于传递信息的器械。
此外,根据本发明的照明和/或信号装置允许通过根据光导的发光部分的预定顺序的受控激活来获得任何动画。
此外,各种发光部分具有一定水平的均匀性,其与可以利用OLED技术获得的均匀性完全相当,同时相对于后一技术明显降低了复杂性和成本。
此外,本发明的照明和/或信号装置具有显著减小的深度,从而它们使得它们自身适于在车辆内部和外部应用;此外,由于它们不需要改变其中放置它们的结构并且它们不需要特别深的壳体,因此减小的厚度便于在各种位置中定位。
本发明的照明和/或信号装置可以是平面的和弯曲的,并且因此它们适合于定位在任何点,因为它们可以容易地集成在主体和/或仪表盘的曲线中而没有任何困难。
实际上,对于可以获得的发光部分的几何形状或图案或形状没有限制。
照明图案的特征还在于它们具有在装置外部漫射的光束的显著匀化和均匀性。
因此,由于本发明,可以获得光图案,即任何照明表面,即具有任何几何形状,同时保持图案本身的增加的能量效率和照明均匀性。
该解决方案易于制造,具有有限的成本、重量和体积。
为了满足可能的和特定的需要,本领域内的那些技术人员可以对上述照明和/或信号装置进行若干改变和变化,所有这些都包含在本发明的范围内,本发明的范围由以下权利要求限定。

Claims (21)

1.一种照明和/或信号装置(4),包括:
-光导(24),所述光导(24)从光入射和漫射壁(28)延伸到光出射壁(32),所述光入射和漫射壁(28)适于接收和漫射光束,所述光出射壁(32)产生照明和/或信号装置(4)的发光部分(36);
-至少一个LED光源(16),所述LED光源适于沿主光轴(X-X)发射光束并面向适于接收由所述LED光源(16)发射的所述光束的所述光入射和漫射壁(28)的光发射部分(40);
-其中入射和漫射壁(28)和光出射壁(32)沿主光轴(X)彼此相对;
-发光部分(36)包括与LED光源(16)和所述光发射部分(40)对准的中间发光部分(44),以及围绕所述中间发光部分(44)的周边发光部分(48);
-光导(24)设置有布置在光入射和漫射壁(28)上的提取元件(52);
-其中装置(4)包括至少一个反射器元件(56),所述至少一个反射器元件(56)与光导(24)的光入射和漫射壁(28)相关联并且直接面向相应的提取元件(52),以便朝向光出射壁(32)反射光;
-其中布置漫射层(60)以覆盖光出射壁(32)侧上的发光部分(36);
-其中所述漫射层(60)根据发光部分(36)上的入射光线的光强度具有不同的透射系数,以便在中间发光部分(44)上和在周边发光部分(48)两者上获得均匀的光强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于在入射光线在发光部分(36)上具有较强光处,所述漫射层(60)具有较小的透射系数,以及在入射光线在发光部分(36)上具有较小的光强度处,所述漫射层(60)具有较大的透射系数。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述漫射层(60)在中间发光部分(44)处具有较小的透射系数,并且在周边发光部分(48)处具有较大的透射系数。
4.根据权利要求1,2或3所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述漫射层(60)包括乳白色层,并且通过乳白色层的厚度(S)相对于平行于LED光源(16)的主光轴(X-X)的截面平面的变化来获得透射因子变化。
5.根据权利要求4所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述乳白色层的厚度(S)在中间发光部分(44)处较大并且在周边发光部分(48)处较小。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述漫射层(60)包括压纹层,并且通过压纹层相对于平行于LED光源(16)的主光轴(X-X)的截面平面的压纹密度和/或厚度(S)和/或粗糙度的变化来获得透射因子变化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述压纹层的厚度(S)和/或所述压纹的密度和/或粗糙度在中间发光部分(44)处较大而在周边发光部分(48)处较小。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述漫射层(60)包括丝网印刷层,并且通过所述丝网印刷层的不同图案来获得透射因子变化。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于在光出射壁(32)上在中间发光部分(44)处设置有圆柱形光学器件(64),所述圆柱形光学器件(64)将在其上的入射光束提取朝向漫射层(60)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述圆柱形光学器件(64)是相对于LED光源(16)的主光轴(X-X)彼此同心的圆柱形路径。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于在光出射壁(32)上的所述圆柱形光学器件(64)与在光入射和漫射壁(28)上的提取元件(52)相关地配置,以便在发光部分(36)上提取光强度总体相等的光线。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述发光部分(40)具有朝向所述LED光源(16)的凹陷,并且其中中间发光部分(44)具有锥形部分(68),锥形部分(68)相对于LED光源(16)的主光轴(X-X)轴对称并且具有面向发光部分(40)并与LED光源(16)对准的顶点。
13.根据权利要求12所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述漫射层(60)具有平面周边部分(72)和锥形中间突起(76),所述锥形中间突起(76)相对于光导(24)的锥形部分(68)呈反向形状。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于相对于平行于LED光源(16)的主光轴(X-X)的截面平面,光入射和漫射壁(28)的光发射部分(40)包括:
-第一下部拉伸部(80),所述第一下部拉伸部(80)成形为偏转/折射形成第一角度(α)的光线,使得它们可以影响光出射壁(32)的锥形部分(68)并且通过沿着由光入射壁(28)和光出射壁(32)界定的光导(24)的一部分的全内反射而被后者即光出射壁(32)的锥形部分(68)反射;
-与第一下部拉伸部(80)邻接的第二下部拉伸部(88),配置成将以大于第一角度(α)并且小于第二角度(β)的角度发射的光线引导,使得它们可以沿着由光入射壁(28)和光出射壁(32)界定的光导(24)的一部分的反射而被反射;
-与第二下部拉伸部(88)邻接的第三下部拉伸部(92),配置成不反射从第二下部拉伸部(88)折射的光线。
15.根据权利要求14所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述提取元件(52)从第四下部拉伸部(96)布置,所述第四下部拉伸部(96)与所述第三下部拉伸部(92)邻接。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述提取元件(52)是微光学器件,其将光朝向光出射壁(32)和/或朝向反射器元件(56)漫射。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述提取元件(52)根据非均匀图案布置,所述图案具有的密度随着与相应LED光源(16)的距离沿着径向方向(R)增加而增加,所述提取元件(52)包含在垂直于主光轴(X-X)并由主光轴(X-X)入射的平面中。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的照明和/或信号装置(4),其特征在于所述反射器元件(56)是白色薄膜或镜子,其反射来自所述光导(24)的光入射和漫射壁(28)的光。
19.一种照明和/或信号模块(104),包括根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的多个照明和/或信号装置(4),其中相互邻接装置(4',4”)的所述发光部分(36',36”)由对光线不透明的屏障元件(100)分开。
20.根据权利要求19所述的照明和/或信号模块(104),其特征在于所述装置(4',4”)的反射器元件(56',56”)也在一起放置的邻接照明装置(4',4”)处充当屏障元件(100',100”)。
21.根据权利要求20或21所述的照明和/或信号模块(104),其特征在于所述屏障元件(100',100”)包括对光不透明的薄膜和/或分离器隔片。
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