CN110447078A - 电导体 - Google Patents

电导体 Download PDF

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CN110447078A
CN110447078A CN201880022038.5A CN201880022038A CN110447078A CN 110447078 A CN110447078 A CN 110447078A CN 201880022038 A CN201880022038 A CN 201880022038A CN 110447078 A CN110447078 A CN 110447078A
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M.科纳
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Abstract

已经已知用于电传导的捻线，其分别包括由碳纳米管制成的纤维和/或由石墨烯制成的多个层组成的复合物并且具有确定的孔隙度。捻线具有电绝缘层，其通过涂覆聚合物覆层来制造。该电绝缘层必须这样好地附着在捻线上，使得该绝缘物在机械应力情况下、例如在以小的弯折半径偏转的情况下也并不脱离。此外，该电绝缘层应尽可能薄地构造，以便实现低的导热阻。此外，该电绝缘层必须是足够弹性的，以便经受柔软的捻线的可能的几何形状改变而并不脱离。在按照本发明的电导体中，电绝缘被改善。按照本发明规定：复合物的外部纤维这样氟化，使得其形成电绝缘层（2）并且使得在内部区域（3）中的纤维是导电的。

Description

电导体
技术领域
本发明从根据主权利要求类型的电导体、尤其是捻线（Garn）出发。
背景技术
从WO 2012/106406 A1中已经已知一种用于电传导的捻线，该捻线包括由碳纳米管制成的纤维和/或由石墨烯制成的多个层组成的复合物并且具有确定的孔隙度。该捻线具有电绝缘层，该电绝缘层通过涂覆聚合物覆层来制造。该电绝缘层必须这样好地附着在捻线上，使得该绝缘物在机械应力情况下、例如在以小的弯折半径偏转的情况下也并不脱离。
此外，该电绝缘层应尽可能薄地构造，以便实现低的导热阻。此外，该电绝缘层必须是足够弹性的，以便能够经受柔软的捻线的可能的几何形状改变而并不脱离。
发明内容
本发明的优点
具有主权利要求的特征性的特征的按照本发明的电导体与此相对地具有如下优点：该电导体的电绝缘部被改善，其方式为，使纤维复合物的外部纤维这样氟化，使得其形成电绝缘层并且使得在内部区域中的纤维是导电的。以这种方式，该复合物的外部纤维自身形成了电绝缘部。这种按照本发明的绝缘部是非常灵活的并且可以也被施加在最小弯折半径处，而并不会担忧该电绝缘部脱离或撕下。
通过在从属权利要求中所述的措施来实现在主权利要求中所说明的电导体的有利扩展方案和改善方案。
特别有利地，从形成绝缘层的外部纤维出发，纤维的氟化程度随着增大的与电导体外周的间距而减小，因为以这种方式而使电导体的内核心是能够导电的。
根据一种有利的实施例，通过外部纤维所形成的绝缘层具有最小100nm并且最大100μm的厚度。
此外有利的是，使纤维的复合物的孔隙度这样实施，使得外部纤维通过与氟的共同作用而是不导电的并且位于内部区域中的纤维通过并不与氟接触或者与氟的较少接触而是导电的。以这种方式，仅仅通过对电导体的氟化并且在没有涂覆附加的覆层的情况下就能够实现对电导体的电绝缘。
根据一种有利的实施例，该电导体的孔隙度是小于10%、尤其是小于7%的。
也有利的是，设置电导体的附加的聚合物覆层。以这种方式，电导体的通过氟化形成的绝缘层被加强。此外，可以由此实现聚合物覆层在电导体的经氟化的外部纤维上的特别良好的附着。
可以有利地通过以含氟的气体或等离子来对电导体进行处理来实现电导体的通过氟化所形成的绝缘层。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中简化地示出并且在接下来的描述中进一步阐述。
具体实施方式
按照本发明的电导体1由纤维的复合物形成，其中这些纤维包括碳纳米管（CNT纳米管）和/或多个由石墨烯制成的层，尤其是由碳纳米管（CNT纳米管）和/或由多个由石墨烯制成的层制造。在复合物的纤维之间形成空腔，从而构成确定的孔隙度。电导体1包括多个在电导体1的纵向延伸1.1的方向上伸展并且以已知的方式、例如通过捻合、编织或打结所保持在一起的纤维。例如，电导体1是捻线。
按照本发明来规定：该复合物的外部纤维这样被氟化，使得其形成电绝缘层2并且使得纤维在内部区域3内是导电的。该绝缘层2可以是封闭的或者朝内部区域3开放的层。
形成电绝缘层2的外部纤维位于电导体1的外周上和其下的确定区域内。所述外部纤维通过以氟进行的处理而是不导电的。绝缘层2可以例如具有至少100nm并且最大100μm的厚度。
位于绝缘层2下方的纤维形成内部区域3，在该内部区域内，纤维是导电的。电导体1的纤维的氟化程度、也即碳原子与氟原子的比例从外部的、形成绝缘层2的纤维出发径向朝内地关于轴1.1而言随着增大的与电导体1外周的间距而减小，从而使在绝缘层2之内的纤维是能够导电的。例如，在电导体1的导体横截面的90%上的电导体1的电导率在氟化后还为原始值的至少90%。
纤维的复合物的孔隙度这样实施，使得电导体1的外部纤维通过与氟的共同作用而是不导电的并且位于内部区域3中的纤维通过并不与氟接触或者与氟较少接触而是导电的。
根据该实施例，电导体1的纤维利用含氟的气体或含氟的等离子来处理，以便制造绝缘层2。例如，电导体可以被布置在等离子体腔室，在该等离子体腔室中存在低压并且在该等离子体腔室中设置氩和含氟气体、例如四氟化碳或氟气，以便使等离子体生成器以已知的方式能够在等离子体腔室中产生等离子。
例如，电导体1的孔隙度以小于10%、尤其是小于7%的方式实施。石墨与氟在200至550℃的温度范围内反应成氟化石墨，就如在DE 3231238 A1中所公开的那样。在低于0.9的氟化程度情况下，氟化石墨与石墨一样地传导电流。在为1.0的氟化程度情况下，氟化石墨是电绝缘体。本发明包含：氟化仅在外部纤维的区域内发生，从而使内部区域3并不被氟化或者仅部分地被氟化或者仅略微地被氟化。这意味着：按照本发明使外部纤维接近完全氟化，从而产生绝缘层2。在其下有如下层，该层仅部分地被氟化并且其氟含量随着增大的与电导体1的表面的间距而强烈减小。在核心3中，不仅获得纤维的电导率而且也获得纤维的机械强度。因此这确保了：电导体具有最大10%的孔隙度、尤其是最大7%的孔隙度。如果该孔隙度大于所述最大值，则氟化的渗入深度变得过高。
不同的氟化方法已经被考虑，诸如与反应性的含氟溶剂混合，在已升高的温度情况下与含氟气体的反应并且利用含氟的等离子体来进行处理。在这些方法中，等离子体处理是一种有利的方法。除了通过参数：等离子体功率、所使用的含氟气体、压力和时长来精确调整氟化深度的可能性以外，等离子体处理还提供如下可能性：在室温情况下进行氟化以及在短时间执行氟化。此外，等离子体过程也提供如下可能性：相对于氟化附加地，在电导体1的表面上构造类似PTFE的物质。
该电导体1可以相对于绝缘层2附加地具有被施加到绝缘层2上的聚合物覆层4。聚合物覆层由弹性聚合物、例如聚氯乙烯（PVC）、交联聚乙烯（XLPE）、硅橡胶或丁晴橡胶组成。
在纤维的表面上的碳-氟键是如此强的，使得这种强的氢桥能够构成具有OH族的分子。这实现：具有OH族的聚合物在电导体1的表面上的附着力的强烈改善。

Claims (7)

1.一种电导体，尤其是捻线，所述电导体包括纤维的复合物并且具有确定的孔隙度，其中所述纤维包括碳纳米管和/或多个由石墨烯制成的层，其特征在于，使所述复合物的外部纤维这样氟化，使得所述外部纤维形成电绝缘层（2）并且使得在内部区域（3）中的所述纤维是导电的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电导体，其特征在于，所述纤维的氟化程度从外部的、形成所述绝缘层（2）的纤维出发随着增大的与所述电导体（1）外周的间距而减小。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电导体，其特征在于，通过所述外部纤维所形成的所述绝缘层（2）具有至少100nm并且最大100μm的厚度。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的电导体，其特征在于，所述纤维的复合物的所述孔隙度这样实施，使得所述外部纤维通过与氟的共同作用而是不导电的并且位于所述内部区域（3）中的纤维通过并不与氟接触或者与氟的较少接触而是导电的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电导体，其特征在于，所述电导体（1）的所述孔隙度小于10%、尤其是小于7%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电导体，其特征在于，设置所述电导体（1）的附加的聚合物覆层（4）。
7.用于制造根据上述权利要求之一所述的电导体、尤其是捻线的方法，其特征在于，所述电导体（1）利用含氟的气体或者含氟的等离子体来处理。
CN201880022038.5A 2017-03-29 2018-03-15 电导体 Pending CN110447078A (zh)

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CN111081411A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-04-28 河北碳垣纳米科技有限公司 碳纳米管纤维柔性电缆
CN114787943A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2022-07-22 罗伯特·博世有限公司 由石墨烯和/或碳纳米管制成的带有经涂层的接合部位的电导体

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DE102020204136A1 (de) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elektrische Maschine mit biegeschlaffen elektrischen Leitern und formgebenden Isolierungen
DE102021210974A1 (de) 2021-09-30 2023-03-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zum Einlegen von zumindest einem elektrischen Leiterverbund in zumindest eine Nut eines Stators oder Rotors für eine elektrische Maschine

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