CN110431007A - 具有高冲击耐受性的非对称玻璃件叠层体 - Google Patents

具有高冲击耐受性的非对称玻璃件叠层体 Download PDF

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CN110431007A
CN110431007A CN201880013314.1A CN201880013314A CN110431007A CN 110431007 A CN110431007 A CN 110431007A CN 201880013314 A CN201880013314 A CN 201880013314A CN 110431007 A CN110431007 A CN 110431007A
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glass workpiece
sheet material
exterior clear
asymmetric
thickness
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D·兰普曼
M·乌利齐奥
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Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
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Abstract

一种非对称玻璃件叠层体(34)，其包括由中间层(44)保持在一起的外部透明体(36)和内部透明体(50)。外部透明体(36)具有2.1mm的名义厚度(42)，并且内部透明体(50)具有1.2mm的名义厚度。与其中外部透明体和内部透明体(12和26)各自具有2.1的名义厚度的对称玻璃件叠层体(10)相比，该非对称玻璃件具有更大的石头冲击耐受性和更低的单位重量。

Description

具有高冲击耐受性的非对称玻璃件叠层体
发明背景
发明领域
本公开的发明涉及适用于汽车应用的窗玻璃件(window glazing)。
现有技术的讨论
多年来，机动车辆已采用窗玻璃件，其中在一个过程中使两片玻璃或其它透明材料与透光聚合物材料片结合在一起。典型地，该玻璃是浮法玻璃。该聚合物通常选自包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯的材料组。
最近，人们越来越关注于提高机动车辆的里程效率。通过减轻车辆重量部分解决了这种关注。对于汽车玻璃件，关注于通过减小玻璃件叠层体的厚度来减轻重量。
在减小玻璃件叠层体的厚度时，必须解决许多因素。其中一些导致玻璃件设计中的竞争变量。实例包括机械刚性和稳定性、光学畸变、耐磨性和透光性等。必须合理地适应所有这些因素以生产商业上成功的汽车玻璃件。
随着汽车玻璃件变得更薄，一个特别重要的考虑因素是石头冲击耐受性。如本文所用，石头冲击耐受性是玻璃件叠层体承受可能投射到玻璃件上的石头和其它物体的冲击而不会在玻璃件中引起破裂的能力的量度。当车辆以相对高的速度移动时，石头冲击耐受性尤其危险，并且对于定位在车辆中面向前方的位置的挡风玻璃和其它玻璃件是特别重要的。当车辆高速移动时发生的挡风玻璃破裂是显著的安全风险。由于挡风玻璃是大多数车辆中最大的镶玻璃区域，因此这种危险的重要性和重量减轻的潜在益处增加。
在现有技术中，用于玻璃件叠层体的玻璃透明体通常具有相同的厚度。已经认识到，在仍然满足其它性能要求的同时降低玻璃件重量的一种方式是减小仅一个玻璃板的厚度或者一个玻璃板的厚度减小超过另一个玻璃板。其中玻璃层之一比另一层更薄的玻璃件叠层体在本文中被称为“非对称玻璃件”。相反地，其中玻璃层具有相同名义厚度的玻璃件叠层体在本文中被称为“对称玻璃件”。
对称和非对称玻璃件叠层体之间的比较的实验结果已经成为关于玻璃件叠层体在石头冲击耐受性方面的几种行为的一般假设的基础。例如，“Effect of WindshieldDesign on High Speed Impact Resistance”X.Sun et al.,International BodyEngineering Conference,October 3-5,2000,SAE International(本文中称作“该SAE会议论文”)报道在第2表面(即外部玻璃板的面向聚合物中间层的表面)上产生的损伤主要取决于外层的厚度。该SAE会议论文的结论是“外部玻璃层似乎对确定所有的监测损伤参数的大小至关重要”。它进一步得出结论：外层厚于内层的非对称结构比具有相同厚度的层或其中较厚层是内层的玻璃件叠层体更加耐受石头冲击。它进一步得出结论：(至少在一次比较中)非对称玻璃件叠层体与对称玻璃件相比而言提供显著的重量减轻(约10％)，其中该对称玻璃板的厚度与该非对称玻璃件的外部板的厚度相同。该SAE会议论文总体上得出结论，玻璃件叠层体的外部玻璃层的厚度决定了挡风玻璃的冲击耐受性。据称最佳设计是其中外部玻璃层比内部玻璃层厚0.5mm从而导致10％的重量减轻的非对称玻璃件。
石头冲击耐受性的最近研究导致了关于非对称玻璃件叠层体的石头冲击耐受性的略微不同的结论。例如，美国专利9,044,919(本文中称作“该'919专利”)讨论了用于汽车用途的非对称玻璃件叠层体。该'919专利讨论了非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性，其中外片的厚度为1.6mm至1.8mm，内片的厚度为1.2mm至1.4mm。将选自这些范围的非对称试样的石头冲击耐受性与其中玻璃片厚度为2.1mm的对称玻璃件进行比较，发现非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性更大。此外，该'919专利声称，一种非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性仍然大于其中内部玻璃片和外部玻璃片分别更厚的另一种非对称玻璃件。该'919专利总结了这些结果，其中外部玻璃片的厚度与内部玻璃片和外部玻璃片两者的厚度之比在0.552至0.571的范围内。
值得注意的是，该'919专利的报道称，具有1.8mm外部透明体和1.4mm内部透明体(本文称为“1.8/1.4mm非对称玻璃件”)的非对称玻璃件和具有1.6mm外部透明体和1.3mm内部透明体的非对称玻璃件(本文称作“1.6/1.3mm非对称玻璃件”的石头冲击耐受性似乎与其他报道数据相冲突，例如在该SAE会议论文中，其结论是该玻璃件叠层体的外部玻璃层的厚度主导挡风玻璃的冲击耐受性。此外，该'919专利的结果与其他人进行的关于非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性试验的经验结果不一致。
发明概述
根据所公开的发明，认识到关于现有技术中报道的非对称玻璃件叠层体的石头冲击耐受性的一般性结论经受显著的、先前未认识到的边界条件。对石头冲击耐受性的进一步考虑支持了这样的发现，即现有技术报道的一般性结论和假设在宽范围的内部透明体厚度与外部透明体厚度内是无效的。这些结论和假设受制于与外部透明体和内部透明体的各个参数有关的重要且显著的边界限制—特别是那些透明体的厚度尺寸，例如该'919专利中所讨论的1.8/1.4mm和1.6/1.3非对称玻璃件。在那些边界限制之外，存在偏离这些结论和假设的根本分歧，这对非对称玻璃件构造的石头冲击耐受性具有显著和预料不到的影响。
在本发明的当前公开的实施方案中，非对称玻璃件包括外部透明体片材和内部透明体片材，所述外部透明体片材和内部透明体片材通过介于外部透明体片材和内部透明体片材之间的聚合物材料的中间层保持在叠层体中。玻璃件是非对称的，外部透明体片材的名义厚度为2.1mm，内部透明体片材的名义厚度为1.2mm。
优选地，内部透明体片材和外部透明体片材由玻璃组合物制成，其中对于商品量的厚度公差是±0.05mm。
还优选地，由于冲击导致失效时外部透明体中的应力水平大于其中内部透明体片材和外部透明体片材的名义厚度为2.1mm的对称玻璃件的应力水平。
另外优选的是，非对称玻璃件的单位重量比相同单位重量的对称玻璃件(其中内部透明体片材和外部透明体片材各自具有2.1mm的名义厚度)低20％。
随着所公开发明的当前优选实施方案的进行，当前公开的发明的其它优点和特征将对所属领域中的技术人员变得明显。
附图简述
结合附图显示并描述本发明的当前优选的实施方案，其中：
图1是对称玻璃件的一部分的顶部透视图，其局部被剖开以更好地公开其结构；
图2是本文公开的非对称玻璃件的实施方案的一部分的顶部透视图，其局部被剖开以更好地公开其结构；
图3是图2中所示的非对称玻璃件的一部分的底部透视图，其局部被剖开以更好地公开其结构；和
图4是若干族非对称玻璃件的“内部透明体厚度”相对“失效时的平均动能”的坐标图，包括其中外部透明体的名义厚度为2.1mm的非对称玻璃件族。
当前优选实施方案的描述
图1显示了现有技术中已知的用于汽车玻璃件的类型的对称玻璃件10。对称玻璃件10包括外部透明体片材12，其限定了第一表面14和第二表面16，第二表面16从第一表面14相反地设置于片材12上。第一表面14和第二表面16通过厚度尺寸18彼此分隔，该厚度尺寸相对于第一表面14和第二表面16中的每一个正交定向。
对称玻璃件10还包括中间层20，该中间层20限定了聚合物材料层，该聚合物材料层具有第一表面22和第二表面24，该第二表面24从第一表面22相反地设置于所述聚合物层上。中间层20的第一表面22与外部透明体片材12的第二表面16相对置。
对称玻璃件10还包括内部透明体片材26，其限定第一表面28和第二表面30，该第二表面30从第一表面28相反地设置在片材26上。第一表面28和第二表面30通过厚度尺寸32彼此分隔，该厚度尺寸相对于第一表面28和第二表面30中的每一个正交定向。对称玻璃件10是“对称的”，因为外部透明体片材12的厚度18名义上与内部透明体片材26的厚度32相同。
图2和3显示了根据本发明的非对称玻璃件叠层体34的当前优选实施方案的顶部和底部透视图。非对称玻璃件叠层体34的大部分结构类似于对称玻璃件叠层体10的结构，但是存在重要的差异，该差异导致非对称玻璃件叠层体34的令人惊讶和预料不到的性能差异。
如图2和3所示，非对称玻璃件34包括外部透明体片材36，其限定第一表面38和第二表面40，该第二表面40从第一表面38相反地设置在片材36上。第一表面38和第二表面40通过厚度尺寸42彼此分隔，该厚度尺寸相对于第一表面38和第二表面40中的每一个正交定向。
非对称玻璃件34还包括中间层44，该中间层限定了聚合物材料层，该聚合物材料层具有第一表面46和第二表面48，该第二表面48从第一表面46相反地设置在所述聚合物层上。中间层44的第一表面46与外部透明体片材36的第二表面40相对置。
非对称玻璃件34还包括内部透明体片材50，其限定第一表面52和第二表面54，该第二表面54从第一表面52相反地设置在片材50上。第一表面52和第二表面54通过厚度尺寸56彼此分隔，该厚度尺寸相对于第一表面52和第二表面54中的每一个正交定向。非对称玻璃件34是“非对称的”，因为外部透明体36的厚度42大于内部透明体片材50的厚度56。
在非对称玻璃件34中，中间层44可以是聚合物材料，例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烷(polyethane)、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、以及它们的组合。依照本领域已知的高压釜工艺，中间层44将外部透明体片材36与内部透明体片材50结合。在高压釜处理之后，中间层44的厚度可以在0.71mm至0.81mm的范围内。
与现有技术中通常已知的非对称玻璃件相比，非对称玻璃件34具有极端的非对称性程度—即内部透明体50的厚度并非仅仅小于外部透明体36的厚度；它小得多。外部透明体片材36的相对厚度和内部透明体片材的厚度可以用各种比较比率表示。然而，已经发现，当在宽的厚度尺寸范围内应用时，这种比较比率不是石头冲击耐受性(以及非对称玻璃件叠层体的某些其它性能特征)的可靠预测值。已经发现，此类比率受制于玻璃件尺寸的范围边界，并且当超过这些尺寸时，可能发生非常不同和不可预测的性能特征。在目前公开的发明的情形中，与根据现有技术教导的预期结果相比时，图4示出非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性的这种令人惊讶和预料不到的结果。
图4是三族非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性相对于内部透明体片材厚度的坐标图，其中在每个族中的外部透明体片材厚度是恒定的。在图4中的三族非对称玻璃件中，对于各个族的外部透明体片材的厚度是1.6mm、1.8mm和2.1mm。图4显示了根据2017年3月28日公开的“Practical Design Considerations for Lightweight WindshieldApplications”(轻质挡风玻璃应用的实际设计考虑因素)中进一步所述的协议而测试的非对称玻璃件的“失效时平均动能”的石头冲击耐受性，通过引用将该文献整体并入本文。石头冲击耐受性以非对称玻璃件的“失效前所需能量”表示。因此，更高的能量相当于更大的石头冲击耐受性。
图4显示了非对称玻璃件之间的石头冲击耐受性的一般相关性，其中外部透明体片材36的厚度42保持恒定在1.6mm和1.8mm，而内部透明体片材50从0.7mm最小值变化到内部透明体片材50的厚度56等于外部透明体片材36的厚度的点。在该点，玻璃件不再是非对称玻璃件，而是变为对称玻璃件(对于1.6mm族为1.6/1.6mm以及对于1.8mm族为1.8/1.8mm)。对于1.6mm族和1.8mm族，较厚的1.8mm的玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性大于内部透明体片材50的所有厚度为1.6mm的玻璃件。这与本文前面讨论的SAE会议论文中的陈述一致，即由石头冲击造成的玻璃件损伤“主要取决于外层”的效果。
然而，特别注意目前公开的发明，图4还显示经验数据不支持该SAE会议论文的其它预测。例如，如该SAE会议论文预测，外部透明体片材的厚度不一定“主导挡风玻璃的冲击耐受性”。具体而言，外部透明体片材36的厚度42为恒定值2.1mm的玻璃件族，当内部透明体片材50的厚度56在1.3mm和1.5mm之间时，石头冲击耐受性实际上低于1.6mm或1.8mm玻璃件族。这与从该SAE会议论文所预期的相反并且表明当外部透明体片材36的厚度42为2.1mm时(这大于该'919专利测试群体的厚度)，现有技术的教导(包括该'919专利中所述的比率)不适用。
图4还显示当内部透明体片材50的厚度56为1.2mm并且外部透明体片材的厚度42为2.1mm时，该玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性大于其中外部透明体片材36的厚度42为1.8mm或1.6mm并且内部透明体片材50的厚度为1.2mm或更大的所有其它非对称玻璃件。这意味着其中外部透明体片材36为2.1mm且内部透明体片材50为1.2mm的非对称玻璃件提供了更大的石头冲击耐受性，并且在许多情形中，与具有较薄外部透明体片材的非对称玻璃件相比，提供显著更低的重量。
图4进一步显示，即使在内部透明体片材50的厚度56小于1.2mm的许多情形中，2.1/1.2mm非对称玻璃件的石头冲击耐受性仍然大于1.6mm族和1.8mm族。然而，随着内部透明体片材50的厚度从1.2mm减小，石头冲击耐受性的增加率降低。当考虑石头冲击耐受性以外的性能参数时，发现2.1/1.2的非对称玻璃件是最优选的非对称玻璃件。例如，图4显示了对于厚度低至0.7mm的较薄内部透明体片材的石头冲击耐受性的稳定增加。然而，与1.4mm玻璃相比，0.7mm玻璃需要更昂贵的原材料，并且涉及比1.4mm玻璃更多的工艺步骤。具体地，1.4mm玻璃可以通过热回火来强化，而0.7mm玻璃通常使用通过离子交换过程强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃(与钠钙硅酸盐玻璃不同)。
在优选实施方案的实例中，外部透明体片材36和内部透明体片材50可以由硅酸盐玻璃或钠钙玻璃构成，但是也可以使用其它类型的透明体材料。
所公开的发明还可以包括另外的特征，例如外部透明体片材36的表面40上或内部透明体片材的表面52上的反射涂层，用于反射红外光谱中的太阳辐射。
本领域技术人员将清楚的那些和其它细节包括在以下权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种非对称玻璃件叠层体，包括：
外部透明体，其限定具有第一表面和第二表面的片材，所述第二表面与所述第一表面相反地设置在所述片材上，所述外部透明体的所述第一表面与所述外部透明体的所述第二表面通过在2.05mm至2.14mm范围内的厚度尺寸分隔；
中间层，其限定具有第一表面和第二表面的聚合物材料层，所述第二表面与所述第一表面相反地设置在所述聚合物层上，所述聚合物材料层的第一表面与所述外部透明体片材的第二表面相对置；和
内部透明体，其限定具有第一表面和第二表面的片材，所述第二表面与所述第一表面相反地设置在所述内部透明体的所述片材上，所述内部透明体的所述第一表面与所述内部透明体的所述第二表面通过在1.15mm至1.25mm范围内的厚度尺寸分隔，所述聚合物材料层的第二表面与所述内部透明体的所述片材的第一表面相对置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述外部透明体的名义厚度尺寸为2.1mm，并且其中所述内部透明体的名义厚度尺寸为1.2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述外部透明体在因冲击而失效时的应力水平高于对称玻璃件的外部透明体中的应力水平，其中所述对称玻璃件包括的外部透明体和内部透明体的名义厚度与所述非对称玻璃件的外部透明体厚度相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述中间层聚合物选自乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烷、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及其组合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述对称玻璃件的外部透明体限定了具有第一表面和第二表面的片材，所述第二表面与所述外部透明体的所述第一表面相反地设置在所述片材上，并且其中所述非对称玻璃件的所述外部透明体的第一表面的每单位面积的所述非对称玻璃件重量比所述对称玻璃件的所述外部透明体的第一表面的相同单位面积的重量低至少20％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述中间层的所述第一表面与所述中间层的第二表面通过在0.71mm至0.81mm范围内的厚度尺寸分隔。
7.根据权利要求4所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述中间层聚合物是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
8.根据权利要求1所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述外部透明体和所述内部透明体选自包括硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃及其组合的材料组。
9.根据权利要求7所述的非对称玻璃件，其中所述外部透明体和所述内部透明体是硅酸盐玻璃。
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US10696021B2 (en) 2020-06-30
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