CN110429840A - Ac逆变器预充电限流系统 - Google Patents

Ac逆变器预充电限流系统 Download PDF

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CN110429840A
CN110429840A CN201910228589.3A CN201910228589A CN110429840A CN 110429840 A CN110429840 A CN 110429840A CN 201910228589 A CN201910228589 A CN 201910228589A CN 110429840 A CN110429840 A CN 110429840A
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signal
power signal
inverter
microprocessor
electric current
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CN110429840B (zh
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克日什托夫·克雷斯克
拉伊夫·艾迪比
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Lear Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1227Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/16Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
    • H02J7/20Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field due to variation of continuously variable ohmic resistor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
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    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/40DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/42Voltage source inverters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529Current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304Overcurrent protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0029Circuits or arrangements for limiting the slope of switching signals, e.g. slew rate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本公开涉及AC逆变器预充电限流系统。在一个实施例中,公开了一种车辆预充电限制系统。该系统包括逆变器、比较器、锁存电路和微处理器。逆变器将第一功率信号转变成第二功率信号。比较器接收第二功率信号的第一测量电流,并将第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较。比较器发送指示第一测量电流超过预定电流值的第一控制信号。锁存电路向逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变第一功率信号,并发送第一锁存信号。微处理器接收指示第一功率信号的电流的第一感测信号,并将第三控制信号发送到锁存电路。微处理器在预定数量的输出周期内将第一功率信号转变成第二功率信号。

Description

AC逆变器预充电限流系统
技术领域
本文公开的方面大体上涉及交流(AC)预充电限制系统。在本文中将更详细地讨论这些方面和其他方面。
背景
Federle的美国公开第20150357838号公开了一种具有至少一个电池单元的电池系统,其中电路布置被设置在负电流路径中。该电路布置包括两个串联连接的场效应晶体管,其中电池单元侧场效应晶体管具有充电电流阻塞二极管路径(a charge-current-blocking diode path),并且可以通过具有预充电电阻器的预充电路径桥接,并且远离电池单元的场效应晶体管具有放电电流阻塞二极管路径。该系统还包括电压表,其用于直接在远离电池单元的场效应晶体管的上游和下游检测场效应晶体管两端的电压存在;以及电流传感器,其用于检测流经负电流路径的电流。
概述
在一个实施例中,公开了一种车辆预充电限制系统。该系统包括逆变器、比较器、锁存电路和微处理器。逆变器被配置成基于输入电压将第一功率信号转变成第二功率信号。比较器被配置为接收第二功率信号的第一测量电流,并将第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较。比较器被配置成发送指示第一测量电流超过预定电流值的第一控制信号。锁存电路被配置为响应于第一控制信号向逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变第一功率信号,并发送指示逆变器中断转变第一功率信号的第一锁存信号。微处理器被配置为接收指示第一功率信号的电流的第一感测信号,并将第三控制信号发送到锁存电路,以使逆变器能够将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号。微处理器还被配置为响应于第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号,并基于第一感测信号建立预定数量的输出周期。
在另一个实施例中,提供了一种用于提供车辆预充电限制的方法。该方法包括基于输入电压经由逆变器将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号,并且接收第二功率信号的第一测量电流。该方法还包括将第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较,并生成指示第一测量电流超过预定电流值的第一控制信号。该方法还包括响应于第一控制信号从锁存电路向逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变第一功率信号,并发送指示逆变器中断转变第一功率信号的第一锁存信号。该方法还包括在微处理器处接收指示第一功率信号的电流的第一感测信号,并将第三控制信号从微处理器发送到锁存电路,以使逆变器能够响应于第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号。该方法还包括基于第一感测信号建立预定数量的输出周期。
在另一个实施例中,公开了一种车辆预充电限制系统。该系统包括逆变器、比较器、锁存电路和微处理器。逆变器被配置成基于输入电压将整流后的DC输入转变成AC信号。比较器被配置为接收AC信号的第一测量电流,并将第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较。比较器还被配置成发送指示第一测量电流超过预定电流值的第一控制信号。锁存电路被配置为响应于第一控制信号向逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变整流后的DC输入,并发送指示逆变器中断转变整流后的DC输入的第一锁存信号。微处理器被配置为接收指示整流后的DC输入的电流的第一感测信号,并将第三控制信号发送到锁存电路,以使逆变器能够响应于第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将整流后的DC输入转变为AC信号。微处理器还被配置为基于第一感测信号建立预定数量的输出周期。
附图说明
在所附权利要求中以特定方式指出了本公开的实施例。然而,通过结合附图参考下面的详细描述,各种实施例的其他特征将变得更明显且将被最好地理解,其中:
图1大体上描绘了根据一个实施例的预充电限流系统;和
图2大体上描绘了根据一个实施例的用于在车辆中执行预充电限流的方法。
详细描述
根据需要,在本文中公开了本发明的详细实施例;然而,应理解的是,所公开的实施例仅仅是可以以各种形式和替代形式来实施的本发明的示例。附图不一定是按比例的;一些特征可能被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此,本文中所公开的特定的结构细节和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的,而是仅仅作为用于教导本领域中的技术人员以各种方式利用本发明的代表性基础。
将认识到的是,如本文中所公开的控制器可包括各种微处理器、集成电路、存储器设备(例如闪存、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、或它们的其他合适的变型)、以及彼此协作以执行本文中所公开的操作的软件。另外,所公开的这些控制器使用一个或更多个微处理器来执行计算机程序,该计算机程序被包含在非暂时性计算机可读介质中,该计算机程序被编程为执行所公开的任意数量的功能。此外,如本文所提供的控制器包括外壳和被定位在该外壳内的各种数量的微处理器、集成电路、和存储器设备(例如,闪存、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM))。所公开的控制器还包括基于硬件的输入端和输出端,以如本文所讨论的那样分别从基于其他硬件的设备接收数据和向基于其他硬件的设备发送数据。
图1描绘了根据一个实施例的被定位在车辆12中的预充电限流系统10。在一个示例中,系统10可以包括被划分成不同电子设备的一个或更多个分立部分。在另一个示例中,系统10可以集成到单个设备或装置中。通常,系统10被配置成将来自一个或更多个车辆电池(未示出)的低压直流(DC)输入(例如,12V)(或输入电压)转换成交流电流,以将其提供给交流电流(AC)负载15。系统10通常包括DC/DC转换器14、变压器16、逆变器桥18(或逆变器)、电流斜率消除电路20、微处理器22、和电流转向电压箝位电路(current steering voltageclamping circuit)21。可选的继电器(或开关)19电连接到一个或更多个车辆电池和DC/DC转换器14。当点火装置置于“运行”位置时,继电器19闭合,以针对一个或更多个车辆电池向DC/DC转换器14提供低电压。DC/DC转换器14将低电压转换成高电压,并将其提供给变压器16。DC/DC转换器14通常包括用于将低电压转换成高电压的多个开关设备(例如,MOSFET)(未示出)。栅极驱动器24电耦合到DC/DC转换器14。微处理器22数字控制栅极驱动器24以特定的开关频率对DC/DC转换器14的多个开关设备进行脉宽调制,以将低电压转换成高电压。
变压器16响应于来自DC/DC转换器14的高电压生成整流后的DC输出(或原始AC输出)。整流后的DC输出包括升高的电流(a stepped up current)。逆变器桥18还包括多个开关设备(例如,MOSFET)。逆变器桥18将整流后的DC输出转换成关于信号AC_A和AC_B的AC输出。关于信号AC_A的AC输出可以具有与关于信号AC_B的AC输出不同的相位。例如,当关于信号AC_B的AC输出为负时,关于信号AC_A的AC输出可以为正,反之亦然。AC输出可以是由多个开关设备的开关操作生成的模拟AC输出。栅极驱动器30电耦合到逆变器桥18。微处理器22数字控制栅极驱动器30以特定的开关频率对逆变器桥18的多个开关设备进行脉宽调制,以将整流后的DC输出转变成AC输出。
电流斜率消除电路20通常包括用于接收信号AC_A的第一电感器(未示出)和用于接收信号AC_B的第二电感器(未示出)。电流斜率消除电路20的第一电感器和第二电感器被配置为减缓关于信号AC_A和AC_B的AC输出的电流上升时间(或降低电流转换速率)。电流转向电压箝位电路21包括至少一个二极管(或至少一个转向二极管,未示出)来箝位(或调节)AC输出电压。例如,电压箝位电路21提供AC输出的负输出箝位和正输出箝位,以对逆变器桥18的多个开关设备和对栅极驱动器30提供保护。电压箝位电路21能够仅使用单个电流感测电路32和控制电路。
电压箝位电路21的转向二极管确保输入到电流斜率消除电路20的第一电感器和第二电感器的电压不超过由DC/DC转换器14提供的HV输出,并且不低于HV接地。如果用于第一电感器和第二电感器的电压超过HV输出,则这种情况可能导致快速高压侧转换,这导致在电压箝位电路21的转向二极管两端的过大电流。这种情况损坏了转向二极管,这进一步导致对于逆变器桥18的多个开关设备的栅极电压不足。电流转向箝位电路21的转向二极管也迫使电流流过电流感测电路22。例如,当逆变器桥18中的高压侧开关断开时,DC/DC转换器14中的相对应的低压侧开关接通。因此,在电流箝位电路21的转向二极管的负载侧,第一二极管和第二二极管迫使电流回到接地,这又确保低压侧开关的第一侧具有正电流。这样,可以在电流感测电路32上检测到正波形(即,流经桥的第一部分)。
系统10还包括电源26、比较器28、电流感测电路32、过电流备用检测电路34、峰值电流检测电路36、和锁存电路38。电流感测电路32测量逆变器桥18的电流,并向微处理器22、比较器28、过电流备用检测电路34、和峰值电流检测电路36提供指示该电流的电流测量输出。电流感测电路32测量AC输出的电流。比较器28将电流测量输出与预定电流值(例如,大约15A或其他合适的值)进行比较。如果比较器28确定电流测量输出的值超过预定电流值,则比较器28使锁存电路38跳闸。锁存电路38向逆变器桥18提供输出,以防止逆变器桥18生成AC输出。锁存电路38向逆变器桥18提供输出,以防止逆变器桥18生成AC输出,直到锁存电路38被来自微处理器22的下一个固定PWM信号复位。通常,锁存电路38可以是触发器电路,并且保持其电流值,直到提供输入来复位锁存电路38(或者改变锁存电路38的值)。
在一个示例中,微处理器22输出例如30kHz的固定PWM信号到锁存电路38,以复位锁存电路38。锁存电路38然后允许逆变器桥18响应于来自微处理器22的固定PWM信号或下一个PWM周期来生成AC输出。当固定PWM信号被提供给锁存电路38一完整周期时,这种条件可以允许逆变器桥18生成预定数量的AC输出周期。完整周期可以对应于50或60Hz。微处理器22测量关于由变压器16提供的整流后的DC输出的体电压。在关于来自变压器16的整流后的DC输出的体电压为100V的情况下,(如由微处理器22输出的)固定PWM信号使得锁存电路38能够生成例如12个AC输出周期,其通常对应于49%的输出AC占空比。因此,在这种情况下,12个AC输出周期对应于大约100ms。在关于来自变压器16的整流后的DC输出的体电压为160V的情况下,(如由微处理器22输出的)固定PWM信号使得锁存电路38能够生成例如26个AC输出周期。通常,假设体电压为160V,具有的占空比为25%(即,为了获得相同的RMS AC电压),则系统10允许24个周期。体电压通常对应于原始AC电压。
微处理器22监测锁存电路38锁存逆变器桥18的次数,以防止逆变器桥18生成AC输出。例如,锁存电路38向微处理器22提供信号,该信号指示锁存电路38锁存逆变器桥18以防止逆变器桥18生成AC输出的次数。如果逆变器桥18的电流测量输出超过预定电流值达预定数量的AC输出周期(例如,如上所述的12或26个AC输出周期,这取决于关于整流后的DC输出的测量体电压),则微处理器22递增第一计数。通常,第一计数对应于微处理器22检测相对于逆变器桥18的初步过电流条件。如果逆变器桥18的电流测量输出没有超过预定电流值,则第一计数不递增。在第一计数达到第一预定计数(例如,10)的情况下(这本质上指示逆变器桥18的电流测量结果已经超过预定电流值120倍((例如,如果整流后的DC输出的体电压是100V,则是12个AC输出周期*10的计数)或260倍(例如,如果整流后的DC输出的体电压是160V,则是26个AC输出周期*10的计数),并且这个条件对应于相对于逆变器桥18的临时(或暂时)过电流条件,则微控制器22对于每次发生在预定时间周期(例如,133μs)内第一计数达到第一预定计数就递增第二计数。在第二计数连续增加并达到第二预定计数(例如,22)的情况下,则微处理器22确定过电流条件已经发生(例如,真正的过电流条件已经发生),并进入过电流保护模式,并且完全禁用逆变器桥18,以向系统10提供过电流保护。在第二计数没有连续增加达到第二预定计数的情况下,则微处理器22使逆变器桥18能够提供AC输出,并且系统10的功能恢复。
通常,第二预定计数可以对应于以下方程式:
第二预定计数=(BLK电压/5)–10(方程式1)
在这种情况下,为了解释的目的,假设体电压为160V(其可以是典型值),那么第二预定计数=(160V/5)–10=22。因此,第二预定计数是基于关于如由变压器16提供的整流后的DC输出的体电压。
过电流备用检测电路34通常可以用作电流感测电路32的备用传感器,以在电流感测电路32不可操作的情况下监测从逆变器桥18输出的电流。峰值电流检测电路36可以监测来自电流斜率消除电路20和/或电流转向电压箝位电路21的电流,并且在检测到峰值电流条件的情况下向微处理器22提供指示该电流的输出。
图2大体上描绘了用于在车辆12中执行预充电限流的方法100。
在操作102中,微处理器22测量关于如由变压器16提供的整流后的DC输出的体电压。
在操作104中,电流感测电路32测量来自逆变器桥18的AC输出的电流,并将电流测量输出提供给比较器28。
在操作106中,比较器28将电流测量输出与预定电流值(例如,大约15A或其他合适的值)进行比较。如果电流测量输出大于预定电流值,则方法100移动到操作108。如果不是,则方法100移回操作102。
在操作108中,锁存电路38向逆变器桥18提供输出,以防止逆变器桥18生成AC输出。
在操作110中,响应于以例如30kHz的开关频率从微处理器22接收到固定PWM信号,锁存电路38被复位。锁存电路38将输出发送到逆变器桥18,以使逆变器桥18能够恢复生成AC输出。
在操作112中,当固定PWM信号被提供给锁存电路38一完整周期时,锁存电路38使得逆变器桥18能够基于预定数量的AC输出周期来生成AC输出。来自微处理器22的固定PWM信号的开关频率是基于来自变压器16的输出端上的测量的体电压。通常,测量的体电压通常指示AC输出周期,其对应于用于确定逆变器桥18的电流测量结果是否超过预定电流值的限度。换句话说,体电压可用于确定是否发生过电流条件。
在操作114中,在逆变器桥18在预定数量的AC输出周期内生成AC输出之后,电流感测电路32测量来自逆变器桥18的AC输出的电流。
在操作116中,比较器28将电流测量输出与预定电流值进行比较。如果电流测量输出大于预定电流值,则方法100移动到操作118。如果不是,则方法100移回操作104。
在操作118中,微处理器22响应于在逆变器桥18在预定数量的AC输出周期内生成AC输出之后电流测量输出超过预定电流值来递增第一计数。该条件对应于逆变器桥18表现出暂时过电流条件。
在操作120中,微处理器22确定在预定时间周期(例如,133μs)内第一计数是否等于第一预定计数值(例如,10)。如果这个条件为真,则方法100移动到操作122。如果该条件为假,则方法100移回到操作108,再次执行操作104、106、108、110、112、114、116或118。
在操作122中,微处理器22响应于在预定时间周期内第一计数等于第一确定的计数值而递增第二计数。
在操作124中,微处理器22监测第二计数是否连续增加并达到第二预定计数(例如,10)。例如,在第一计数达到第一预定计数的情况下(参见操作120)(这对应于逆变器桥18的电流测量结果超过预定电流值120倍((例如,如果整流后的DC输出的体电压是100V,则是12个AC输出周期*10的计数)或260倍(例如,如果整流后的DC输出的体电压是160V,则是26个AC输出周期*10的计数)),则微控制器22对于每次发生在预定时间周期(例如,133μs)内第一计数达到第一预定计数就递增第二计数(参见操作122)。
在操作126中,微处理器22确定过电流条件已经发生,并且进入过电流保护模式,并且完全禁用逆变器桥18。
在操作128中,在第二计数没有连续增加达到第二预定计数的情况下,则微处理器22使逆变器桥18能够提供AC输出,并且系统10的功能恢复。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例,但是并非意在这些实施例描述了本发明的所有可能的形式。而是,在说明书中使用的词语是描述性的词语而非限制性的词语,并且应理解,可做出各种变化而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。此外,各种实现的实施例的特征可被组合以形成本发明的另外的实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆预充电限制系统,包括:
逆变器,所述逆变器被配置为基于输入电压将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号;
比较器,所述比较器被配置为:
接收所述第二功率信号的第一测量电流;
将所述第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较;以及
发送指示所述第一测量电流超过所述预定电流值的第一控制信号;
锁存电路,所述锁存电路被配置成:
响应于所述第一控制信号,向所述逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变所述第一功率信号;以及
发送指示所述逆变器中断对所述第一功率信号的转变的第一锁存信号;以及
微处理器,所述微处理器被配置为:
接收指示所述第一功率信号的电流的第一感测信号;
向所述锁存电路发送第三控制信号以使所述逆变器能够响应于所述第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将所述第一功率信号转变为所述第二功率信号;以及
基于所述第一感测信号建立所述预定数量的输出周期。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆预充电限制系统,还包括变压器,所述变压器被配置为响应于所述第二功率信号生成所述第一功率信号,其中,所述第一功率信号对应于整流后的直流(DC)电压。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆预充电限制系统,还包括DC/DC转换器,所述DC/DC转换器被配置为响应于所述输入电压生成所述第二功率信号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述微处理器还被配置为响应于所述第一锁存信号递增第一计数,并将所述第一计数与第一预定计数值进行比较。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述逆变器被配置成在所述第一计数不等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下将所述第一功率信号转变成所述第二功率信号。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述微处理器还被配置成在所述第一计数等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下递增第二计数。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述微处理器还被配置为将所述第二计数与第二预定计数值进行比较。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述微处理器还被配置成在所述第二计数等于所述第二预定计数值的情况下,禁止所述逆变器将所述第一功率信号转变成所述第二功率信号以进入过电流保护模式。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述逆变器被配置成在所述第二计数不等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下将所述第一功率信号转变成所述第二功率信号。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述微处理器还被配置为在预定数量的AC输出周期内将第三控制信号作为固定脉宽调制(PWM)信号发送到所述锁存电路,以使所述逆变器能够转变所述第一功率信号。
11.根据权利要求1所述的车辆预充电限制系统,其中,所述锁存电路是触发器电路。
12.一种用于提供车辆预充电限制的方法,所述方法包括:
基于输入电压,经由逆变器将第一功率信号转变为第二功率信号;
接收所述第二功率信号的第一测量电流;
将所述第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较;
生成指示所述第一测量电流超过所述预定电流值的第一控制信号;
响应于所述第一控制信号,向所述逆变器发送来自锁存电路的第二控制信号以中断转变所述第一功率信号;
发送指示所述逆变器中断对所述第一功率信号的转变的第一锁存信号;
在微处理器处,接收指示所述第一功率信号的电流的第一感测信号;
将第三控制信号从所述微处理器发送到所述锁存电路,以使所述逆变器能够响应于所述第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将所述第一功率信号转变为所述第二功率信号;以及
基于所述第一感测信号建立所述预定数量的输出周期。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:
响应于所述第一锁存信号,递增第一计数;和
将所述第一计数与第一预定计数值进行比较。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括在所述第一计数不等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下,将所述第一功率信号转变为所述第二功率信号。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括在所述第一计数等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下,递增第二计数。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括将所述第二计数与第二预定计数值进行比较。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:
在所述第二计数等于所述第二预定计数值的情况下,禁止所述逆变器将所述第一功率信号转变为所述第二功率信号;和
在所述第二计数等于所述第二预定计数值的情况下,进入过电流保护模式。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括在所述第二计数不等于所述第一预定计数值的情况下,将所述第一功率信号转变为所述第二功率信号。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括响应于第二功率信号,利用变压器生成所述第一功率信号,其中,所述第一功率信号对应于整流后的直流(DC)电压。
20.一种车辆预充电限制系统,包括:
逆变器,所述逆变器被配置成基于输入电压将整流后的DC输入转变成AC信号;
比较器,所述比较器被配置为:
接收所述AC信号的第一测量电流;
将所述第一测量电流与预定电流值进行比较;以及
发送指示所述第一测量电流超过所述预定电流值的第一控制信号;
锁存电路,所述锁存电路被配置成:
响应于所述第一控制信号,向所述逆变器发送第二控制信号以中断转变所述整流后的DC输入;以及
发送指示所述逆变器中断对所述整流后的DC输入的转变的第一锁存信号;以及
微处理器,所述微处理器被配置为:
接收指示所述整流后的DC输入的电流的第一感测信号;
向所述锁存电路发送第三控制信号,以使所述逆变器能够响应于所述第一锁存信号在预定数量的输出周期内将所述整流后的DC输入转变为所述AC信号;以及
基于所述第一感测信号,建立所述预定数量的输出周期。
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