CN110425412A - 热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法 - Google Patents

热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110425412A
CN110425412A CN201910676001.0A CN201910676001A CN110425412A CN 110425412 A CN110425412 A CN 110425412A CN 201910676001 A CN201910676001 A CN 201910676001A CN 110425412 A CN110425412 A CN 110425412A
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heat
layer
inner cavity
aerogel heat
insulating
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周文君
顾婷婷
唐英国
董涛涛
康彬
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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Hubei Sanjiang Space Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • F17C1/10—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
    • F17C2203/032—Multi-sheet layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法，该热压罐包括罐体和套设在罐体内的至少一个内腔保温单元；该内腔保温单元包括卷制成圆筒状的内层固定丝网、铺设在内层固定丝网上的多层气凝胶绝热毡、铺设在相邻两层气凝胶绝热毡之间的铝箔，以及包覆在最外层气凝胶绝热毡外侧的外层固定丝网；该内腔保温单元的制备方法包括如下步骤：1)烘干脱除气凝胶绝热毡上的油脂；2)密封包装待用；3)卷制内层固定丝网，粘贴气凝胶绝热纸；4)粘贴最内层气凝胶绝热毡，包覆第一层铝箔；5)交替铺设气凝胶绝热毡和铝箔；6)粘贴气凝胶绝热纸，卷制外层固定丝网。本发明结构简单，安装方便，绝热性能良好，并且采用模块化设计便于替换。

Description

热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热压罐，特别是指一种热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法。
背景技术
热压罐是一种为复合材料部件固化成型提供必要的热量和压力的设备。依据不同材料的特性要求，热压罐的工作压力一般为0.5MPa～2.5MPa之间，使用温度在60℃～600℃之间，罐内工作介质一般为压缩空气和氮气。
如图1所示，现有的热压罐保温结构是在热压罐壳体1的内壁铺设一定厚度的绝热材料2(陶瓷纤维或岩棉+硅酸铝)，径向支撑轴5一端焊在热压罐壳体1内壁上，穿过绝热材料2和镀锌丝网3、固定板6进行定位，最后再通过铆接件7在镀锌丝网外增加一层薄钢板4用于保护绝热材料2。这种结构由于绝热材料的结构蓬松且导热系数较高，使得整个热压罐在满足使用要求的情况下，体积较大，整体结构也较为复杂，绝热材料的包覆安装也较为困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单且能有效提升热压罐绝热性能的热压罐及其内腔保温单元与制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明首先提供了一种热压罐内腔保温单元，包括卷制成圆筒状的内层固定丝网、铺设在内层固定丝网上的多层气凝胶绝热毡、铺设在相邻两层气凝胶绝热毡之间的铝箔，以及包覆在最外层气凝胶绝热毡外侧的外层固定丝网。
优选地，所述内层固定丝网与最内层气凝胶绝热毡之间、所述外层固定丝网与最外层气凝胶绝热毡之间还分别设置有气凝胶绝热纸，所述气凝胶绝热纸与气凝胶绝热毡粘接固定。与气凝胶绝热毡相比，气凝胶绝热纸厚度要小得多，并且较为密实，具有更低的伸缩性和更高的韧性，设置在固定丝网与气凝胶绝热毡之间，可避免气凝胶绝热毡直接暴露在外，从而起到保护气凝胶绝热毡的作用。
优选地，所述内层固定丝网与外层固定丝网之间还通过铆固件将二者之间的各层气凝胶绝热毡拉紧压实。
优选地，所述铝箔的厚度为5～10μm。
优选地，所述气凝胶绝热纸的厚度规格为5mm，导热系数≤0.02W/(m·K)。
本发明随后提供了前述热压罐内腔保温单元的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将待铺设的气凝胶绝热毡放入恒温炉内，烘干脱除气凝胶绝热毡上的油脂，恒温炉的温度为140～160℃，保温时间5～6h，压力为80～100KPa；
2)将气凝胶绝热毡出炉，密封包装，待用；
3)将内层固定丝网卷制成圆筒状，再在其外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸；
4)在气凝胶绝热纸的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴最内层气凝胶绝热毡，再在最内层气凝胶绝热毡的外侧包覆第一层铝箔作为反射面，铝箔外侧采用扎带捆扎固定；
5)在铝箔外侧包覆一层气凝胶绝热毡，再包覆一层铝箔作为反射面，铝箔外侧采用扎带捆扎固定，依此方式交替铺设气凝胶绝热毡和铝箔直至达到满足绝热设计厚度，最外层气凝胶绝热毡不包覆铝箔；
6)在最外层气凝胶绝热毡的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸，再在气凝胶绝热纸的外侧也涂刷一层粘合胶，并在气凝胶绝热纸的外侧卷制外层固定丝网，对整个内腔保温单元进行固定。
优选地，该方法还包括如下步骤：7)在步骤6)所制得的内腔保温单元的内侧和外侧，使用铆固件拉紧压实，以提高整体强度。
优选地，所述步骤3)及其后各步骤在干燥、洁净的密闭场所进行，温度控制在18℃～25℃，湿度控制在60％以内。
本发明同时提供了一种热压罐，包括罐体和套设在罐体内的至少一个前述内腔保温单元。热压罐的其他部分采用现有技术的常规设计，此不赘述。
优选地，所述内腔保温单元的数量为多个，并列设置在所述罐体内。采用内腔保温单元更方便安装，在损坏后只需替换被损坏的内腔保温单元，无需全部替换，因此降低了成本。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1)相比常规的陶瓷纤维或岩棉+硅酸铝材料，本发明所提供的热压罐内腔保温单元主要采用新型的气凝胶绝热材料，其阻燃性能更高，安装方式更为便捷，防水防腐蚀，且材料本身导热系数更低，具有良好的绝热性能；同时气凝胶绝热毡本身具有一定的强度，不需要通过内层增加薄钢板以维持绝热层的形状；
2)本发明所提供的内腔保温单元的制备方法，严格控制绝热材料的脱脂、烘干去油处理温度和时间，并进一步对缠绕时的环境提出严格要求，可以最大程度上保证了该结构的绝热性能。
3)与传统热压罐中外层壳体与内层保温一体化结构不同，本发明所提供的热压罐，其内层保温结构采用模块化设计，可以与外层壳体分离拆卸，当内层保温单元由于使用疲劳等原因绝热性能下降时，可将内层保温单元拆出更换或对绝热材料进行处理，延长整个热压罐的使用寿命，不仅可以提高热压罐设备本身的耐用性和可靠性，也减少了设备的维修成本，增加了设备的使用年限。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中热压罐内腔保温结构的断面结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1所设计的热压罐的横向断面结构示意图。
图3为图2中A-A向的断面结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例3所设计的热压罐的断面结构示意图(对应于图2中A-A向)。
其中：热压罐壳体1、绝热材料2、镀锌丝网3、薄钢板4、径向支撑轴5、固定板6、铆接件7、内腔保温单元100、内层固定丝网101、气凝胶绝热毡102、铝箔103、外层固定丝网104、气凝胶绝热纸105、罐体200
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图1所示为现有技术中的热压罐的保温结构，其已在背景技术部分作了详细说明，于此不再赘述。
实施例1
如图2～3所示，本实施例提供了一种热压罐，包括罐体200和套设在罐体200内的一个内腔保温单元100。
如图3所示，内腔保温单元100包括卷制成圆筒状的内层固定丝网101，铺设在内层固定丝网101上的多层气凝胶绝热毡102，铺设在相邻两层气凝胶绝热毡102之间的铝箔103，包覆在最外层气凝胶绝热毡102外侧的外层固定丝网104，以及分别设置在内层固定丝网101与最内层气凝胶绝热毡102之间、外层固定丝网104与最外层气凝胶绝热毡102之间的气凝胶绝热纸105。
其中，铝箔103的厚度为5～10μm。气凝胶绝热纸105的厚度规格为5mm，导热系数≤0.02W/(m·K)。内层固定丝网101与外层固定丝网104均采用镀锌丝网。
实施例2
本实施例提供了实施例1中内腔保温单元的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将待铺设的气凝胶绝热毡102放入恒温炉内，烘干脱除气凝胶绝热毡102上的油脂，恒温炉的设定温度为150℃，保温时间4h，压力设定为100KPa；
2)将气凝胶绝热毡102出炉，密封包装，待用；
3)将内层固定丝网101卷制成圆筒状，再在其外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸105；
4)在气凝胶绝热纸105的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴最内层气凝胶绝热毡102，再在最内层气凝胶绝热毡102的外侧包覆第一层铝箔103作为反射面，铝箔103外侧采用扎带捆扎固定；
5)在第一层铝箔103外侧包覆一层气凝胶绝热毡102，再包覆一层铝箔103作为反射面，铝箔103外侧采用扎带捆扎固定，依此方式交替铺设气凝胶绝热毡102和铝箔103直至达到满足绝热设计厚度，最外层气凝胶绝热毡102不包覆铝箔103；
6)在最外层气凝胶绝热毡102的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸105，再在气凝胶绝热纸105的外侧也涂刷一层粘合胶，并在气凝胶绝热纸105的外侧卷制外层固定丝网104，对整个内腔保温单元100进行固定。
7)在步骤6)所制得的内腔保温单元100的内外侧，使用铆固件(图中未画出)拉紧压实，以提高整体强度。
以上步骤3)～步骤7)应在干燥、洁净的密闭场所进行，温度设置在22℃，湿度控制在60％以内。
实施例3
如图2、图4所示，本实施例提供了另一种热压罐，包括罐体200和套设在罐体200内的多个并列设置的内腔保温单元100，其中内腔保温单元100采用实施例1中结构。

Claims (10)

1.一种热压罐内腔保温单元，其特征在于：包括卷制成圆筒状的内层固定丝网(101)、铺设在内层固定丝网(101)上的多层气凝胶绝热毡(102)、铺设在相邻两层气凝胶绝热毡(102)之间的铝箔(103)，以及包覆在最外层气凝胶绝热毡(102)外侧的外层固定丝网(104)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热压罐内腔保温单元，其特征在于：所述内层固定丝网(101)与最内层气凝胶绝热毡(102)之间、所述外层固定丝网(104)与最外层气凝胶绝热毡(102)之间还分别设置有气凝胶绝热纸(105)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热压罐内腔保温单元，其特征在于：所述内层固定丝网(101)与外层固定丝网(104)之间还通过铆固件拉紧压实。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的热压罐内腔保温单元，其特征在于：所述铝箔(103)的厚度为5～10μm。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的热压罐内腔保温单元，其特征在于：所述气凝胶绝热纸(105)的厚度规格为5mm，导热系数≤0.02W/(m·K)。
6.一种如权利要求2～5中任一项所述的热压罐内腔保温单元的制备方法，其特征在于：
该方法包括如下步骤：
1)将待铺设的气凝胶绝热毡(102)放入恒温炉内，烘干脱除气凝胶绝热毡(102)上的油脂，恒温炉的温度为140～160℃，保温时间5～6h，压力为80～100KPa；
2)将气凝胶绝热毡(102)出炉，密封包装，待用；
3)将内层固定丝网(101)卷制成圆筒状，再在其外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸(105)；
4)在气凝胶绝热纸(105)的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴最内层气凝胶绝热毡(102)，再在最内层气凝胶绝热毡(102)的外侧包覆第一层铝箔(103)作为反射面，铝箔(103)外侧采用扎带捆扎固定；
5)在铝箔(103)外侧包覆一层气凝胶绝热毡(102)，再包覆一层铝箔(103)作为反射面，铝箔(103)外侧采用扎带捆扎固定，依此方式交替铺设气凝胶绝热毡(102)和铝箔(103)直至达到满足绝热设计厚度，最外层气凝胶绝热毡(102)不包覆铝箔(103)；
6)在最外层气凝胶绝热毡(102)的外侧涂刷一层粘合胶，粘贴一层气凝胶绝热纸(105)，再在气凝胶绝热纸(105)的外侧也涂刷一层粘合胶，并在气凝胶绝热纸(105)的外侧卷制外层固定丝网(104)，对整个内腔保温单元(100)进行固定。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热压罐内腔保温单元的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法还包括如下步骤：7)在步骤6)所制得的内腔保温单元(100)的内侧和外侧，使用铆固件拉紧压实，以提高整体强度。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的热压罐内腔保温单元的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3)及其后各步骤在干燥、洁净的密闭场所进行，温度控制在18℃～25℃，湿度控制在60％以内。
9.一种采用如2～5中任一项所述的热压罐内腔保温单元的热压罐，包括罐体(200)和套设在罐体(200)内的至少一个所述内腔保温单元(100)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的热压罐，其特征在于：所述内腔保温单元(100)的数量为多个，并列设置在所述罐体(200)内。
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