CN110419479A - A kind of section bait subtracts dirty netting cases for ecological culture - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of section bait and subtracts dirty netting cases for ecological culture, interior case including outer container, inside outer container, the sedimentation basin in interior case and the lifting device for sedimentation basin to be freely lifted in interior case, the outer container includes outer container buoyancy frame, external box wall, external box wall fixed link, outer bottom, passes through strainer between outer container buoyancy frame and external box wall fixed link below outer container buoyancy frame and connects；Interior case includes interior case buoyancy frame, internal box wall, biological rope bottom fixed link, interior bottom, interior case buoyancy frame is connect with the biological rope bottom fixed link being located at below interior case buoyancy frame by gauze bio rope, is equipped with strainer between the fixed link of biological rope bottom and is formed interior bottom；For interior case for adding capsule bait, the upper opening of sedimentation basin is equipped with separation net.The collection of residual bait of the present invention and excreta is good with removal effect, and operating cost is low, and maintenance is simple, small to cage culture moving obstacle, and can long-acting maintenance and improvement breeding water body water quality.

Description

A kind of bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture and water environment treatment, in particular to a bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding cage.

Background technique

Since the 1990s, my country's cage aquaculture industry has developed rapidly in the closed and semi-closed waters of rivers, lakes and bays. The increasingly large number of scales and highly dense cage settings have resulted in residual bait, excrement, and fish nutrition. Substances and fishery drugs are enriched in a large amount in the aquaculture waters, which increases the nutrient salt in the water body, anoxic the lower water body, increases the content of sulfide, organic matter and reducing substances in the sedimentary environment, accumulates residual drugs, and breeds harmful microorganisms or foul-eating organisms. The breeding ecology is unbalanced, and various diseases occur frequently. The research results showed that the concentration of TP and TN in the water body in the feeding cage area was generally higher than that in the control area, and the transparency and dissolved oxygen were lower than those in the control area. The sediment below the cages showed high content characteristics of high sulfide, COD, inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus, and the species composition, quantity and biomass of benthic animals changed accordingly. High-density cage culture has seriously deteriorated water quality, affected the safe use of water resources, and endangered the health of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, it is very necessary to use ecological cages to carry out green aquaculture, which is also an inevitable choice to improve the quality of aquaculture aquatic products and promote the continuous improvement of the aquatic ecological environment of aquaculture waters.

Residual bait and excrement are the main sources of pollution in aquaculture. Improving bait utilization rate and reducing excrement content are the key to pollution control of cage culture. In terms of bait control, most of them adopt feeding control strategies based on the feeding habits of fish, and carry out timing, quantitative and fixed-point feeding by means of less feeding, more feeding and automatic feeding, so as to reduce the blindness of excessive feeding and feeding activities. Save bait by 10%-20%. For excrement, a net cage sewage collection device can be used, and a feces collection funnel and a feces collection bucket are installed at the bottom of the net cage, and the excrement is regularly pumped out of the water body for treatment. Along with the voice of ecological breeding is getting higher and higher, some new ecological cage technologies or devices have also been proposed both at home and abroad. The patent with the publication number CN 105454119 A discloses a layered electric lifting three-dimensional ecological cage for deep-water aquaculture, which includes a ring frame, a sealing net, a bottom ring, a support ring buckle assembly, and a lifting floating ball. Three-dimensional ecological breeding, breeding different types of fish, using the living habits of different fish, the feces and remaining bait of the upper fish spread to the lower layer for the use of the lower fish, which can save bait and improve the utilization rate of bait. The patent of publication number CN 104003523 A discloses a water quality purification method based on an ecological cage, using a double-layer cage as a carrier, stocking filter-feeding fish in the upper cage, fixing submerged plants in the lower cage, and placing the cage Throw it into the water area and purify the water quality through submerged plants. The patent with the publication number CN 204968933 U discloses a high-efficiency ecological cage culture system, which includes a large cage, and a small cage is arranged in the large cage; the area between the large cage and the small cage is a plant planting area , The cage culture system is also equipped with an oxygenation system that supplies oxygen to the cages, and promotes the decomposition and transformation of pollutants through measures such as aeration and aquatic plants.

The inventor finds through research in the process of realizing the present invention: the existing main ecological cage device or technology has the following deficiencies in improving bait utilization efficiency and excrement purification

(1) The bait feeding control strategy reduces the bait dosage, but does not improve the utilization efficiency of the bait after it is added to the water body;

(2) The ingestion of residual bait by lower layer fish improves the utilization efficiency of bait, but the residual bait may not meet the bait feeding needs of lower layer fish, and the initial feeding amount needs to be increased, and the residual bait still exists after the lower layer fish eat residual bait;

(3) There is exchange of water inside and outside the cage, and the amount of water is huge. The efficiency of water purification by planting aquatic plants is low, and aquatic plants need to be maintained and harvested regularly, and the total amount of pollutants that can be removed is limited;

(4) Feces collection funnels and excrement collection buckets are installed at the bottom of the cages to collect residual bait and excrement, but during fish feeding and other activities, residual bait and excrement also spread to the surrounding water bodies, and the disturbance of fish will also cause fish feces Therefore, it is very important to improve the efficiency of manure collection and inhibit the suspension and diffusion of fish manure.

In summary, how to improve the utilization efficiency of bait in water bodies, and how to efficiently collect and separate cage culture excreta from water bodies are the technical bottlenecks in the development of ecological cages. How to use bait and excrement as the starting point, use capsule bait to increase the retention time of bait in the water body, and prolong its dissolution and loss time; use the ecological filter interception wall to prevent the excrement from spreading to the water around the cage, and collect the excrement directionally at the bottom of the cage , and then remove it on the water surface through the lifting control system, thereby reducing the amount of residual bait and improving the collection and removal efficiency of excreta. Application prospect.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage, which will not cause the bait to lose too quickly, does not need to grow aquatic plants, and does not need to pump fish feces from the bottom of the net cage. It mainly uses capsule bait to prolong the life of the bait in the water body. Suspension residence time improves the efficiency of fish eating bait. The biological rope around the cage and the sedimentation tank at the bottom of the cage can efficiently collect the residual bait and excrement in the breeding activities. The sedimentation tank can be lifted and lowered freely through the lifting control system, and then Regularly remove the residual bait and excrement accumulated in the sedimentation tank, so as to achieve the goal of saving bait and reducing pollution discharge. The device has strong field work ability, good collection and removal effect of residual bait and excrement, low power consumption, low operating cost, simple maintenance, little interference to cage culture activities, and can maintain and improve the water quality of culture water for a long time.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage, comprising an outer box, an inner box arranged inside the outer box, a sedimentation tank arranged in the inner box, and a lifting device for freely lifting the sedimentation tank in the inner box, said The outer box includes the outer box buoyancy frame, the outer box wall, the outer box wall fixing rod, and the outer box bottom. The outer box wall is formed, and the filter screen is laid between the fixing rods of the outer box wall to form the outer box bottom; the inner box includes the inner box buoyancy frame, the inner box wall, the bottom fixing rod of the biological rope, the inner box bottom, the inner box buoyancy frame and the inner box buoyancy The bottom fixing bar of the biological rope under the frame is connected by a mesh biological rope, and the mesh biological rope forms the inner box wall, and a filter net is laid between the bottom fixing bars of the biological rope to form the bottom of the inner box; the inner box is used for adding capsule bait , The upper opening of the sedimentation tank is equipped with an isolation net, and the isolation net is used to spatially isolate the fish feeding activities from the residual capsule bait and excrement collected in the sedimentation tank.

Further, the aperture of the isolation net is 1mm-5mm.

Further, the outer box is anchored by concrete sinkers or fixed on the shore by ropes.

Further, the buoyancy frame of the outer box is a horizontally placed frame, filled with foam inside to keep the outer box floating on the water surface, the shape of the outer box wall fixing rod is the same as that of the outer box buoyancy frame, and the outer box wall fixing rod has a certain gravity, so as to Expand the outer box wall formed by the filter screen.

Further, the buoyancy frame of the inner box is a horizontally placed frame, filled with foam inside to keep the inner box floating on the water surface, which is placed inside the buoyancy frame of the outer box, and the bottom fixing rod of the biological rope is located at the bottom of the buoyancy frame of the inner box, and its shape is the same as that of the inner box. The buoyancy frame of the box is the same, and the bottom fixing rod of the biological rope adopts an iron fixing rod.

Furthermore, the biological rope is made of materials with large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity and easy attachment of microorganisms.

Further, the biological rope is made of polypropylene plastic, and the distance is 0.05m-0.1m.

Further, the biological rope is fixed on the buoyancy frame of the inner box by plastic cable ties, and is kept vertically vertical.

Furthermore, the structure of the sedimentation tank is designed as a bucket-shaped structure with an upper opening, and the height of the sedimentation tank is about 0.2m from the bottom of the inner tank.

Further, the lifting device includes a control pulley, a traction line, a pulley, a pulley fixing rod, and a connecting rod. The sedimentation tank is connected to the pulley through the pulling wire, and a plurality of pulleys are arranged on the inner box buoyancy frame through the pulley fixing rod, and the inner box buoyancy frame It is connected with the buoyancy frame of the outer box through a connecting rod, and a pulley is respectively provided at the center of the four sides of the buoyancy frame of the inner box. The four sides of the sedimentation tank are connected with the corresponding pulleys on the upper part through the traction line, and the traction line passes through each pulley 4- 3-1 After the direction change of the fixed pulley, it is gathered to the control pulley at the corner of the buoyancy frame of the inner box. There is a control handle on the control pulley, and the traction line 4-2 can be driven by shaking the control handle, thereby driving the sedimentation tank to rise and fall freely in the inner box .

Owing to having adopted above-mentioned scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

(1) The capsule-type bait is used to increase the suspension residence time of the bait in the aquaculture water body, reduce the dissolution loss of the bait in the water body, improve the bait feeding efficiency of fish, and reduce the amount of residual bait.

(2) The inner and outer box structure is adopted, and the biological rope is used as the inner box wall. While satisfying the fish entering and leaving the inner box, it can also filter and intercept the biological rope and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the biological rope to absorb and decompose pollutants The transformation purifies the water quality of the inner box, prevents the diffusion of the breeding pollutants in the inner box to the outer box, and improves the enrichment efficiency of the residual bait and excrement to the sedimentation tank.

(3) The biological rope is fixed vertically with an iron fixing rod. In addition to keeping the biological rope naturally vertical, the gradual dissolution of iron releases Fe ³⁺ , which can flocculate suspended particles in the aquaculture water body and form precipitation with phosphorus. , which is conducive to improving the water quality of the aquaculture waters and promoting the accumulation of residual bait and excrement to the sedimentation tank.

(4) The sedimentation tank rises vertically under the pulling force of the four traction lines, and falls vertically under the action of the sedimentation tank's own gravity, without large deviation and instability in up, down, left, and right.

(5) Between the sedimentation tank and the biological rope, an isolation net is set up to divide the pollution accumulation and fish feeding activities, avoiding the disturbance of fish activities to the accumulated residual bait and excrement in the sedimentation tank, and reducing pollutants diffusion and release.

(6) All parts of this device can be disassembled and replaced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological culture cage of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the vertical sectional view of bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological culture net cage of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the capsule bait in the present invention.

In the figure: 1-1—outer box buoyancy frame; 1-1-1—foam; 1-2—outer box wall; 1-3—outer box wall fixing rod; 1-4—outer box bottom; 2-1—inner Box buoyancy frame; 2-2—inner box wall; 2-3 biological rope bottom fixing rod; 2-4—inner box bottom; 3-1—sedimentation tank; 3-2—isolation net; 4-1—control pulley; 4 -1-1—control handle; 4-2—traction line; 4-3-1—pulley; 4-3-2—pulley fixed rod; 4-3-3—connecting rod; 5—capsule bait; 5-1 — capsule outer wall; 5-2 — bait.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention.

The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage of the present invention adopts the double box structure of outer box and inner box, and below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate its specific implementation process:

(1) Understand the basic water conditions such as the water depth and flow velocity of the cage culture waters, and then install the outer box, which includes the buoyancy frame 1-1 of the outer box, the wall of the outer box 1-2, the fixing rod of the outer box wall 1-3, and the bottom of the outer box 1-4. The outer box buoyancy frame 1-1 is a horizontally placed frame, such as a rectangular frame, which can be made of waterproof and anti-corrosion materials such as polyethylene pipes, filled with foam 1-1-1 to keep the outer box floating on the water surface. The bottom of the outer box wall 1-2 is provided with an outer box wall fixing rod 1-3, the shape of the outer box wall fixing rod 1-3 is the same as that of the outer box buoyancy frame 1-1, and the outer box buoyancy frame 1-1 is fixed to the outer box wall The rods 1-3 are connected by a filter screen (plastic net, nylon and other materials can be used), and the filter screen forms the outer box wall 1-2. The outer box wall fixing rod 1-3 can be made of stainless steel, has a certain gravity, and is used for launching the outer box wall 1-2 formed by the plastic net. Plastic nets such as nylon are laid between the outer box wall fixing rods 1-3 to form the outer box bottom 1-4. The outer box can be anchored by concrete sinkers or shore fixed by ropes.

(2) The inner box is installed in the outer box. The inner box includes the inner box buoyancy frame 2-1, the inner box wall 2-2, the bottom fixing rod 2-3 of the biological rope, and the inner box buoyancy frame 2-1 is also placed horizontally The frame is placed inside the buoyancy frame 1-1 of the outer box, and its size is smaller than the buoyancy frame 1-1 of the outer box. The fixing rod 2-3 at the bottom of the biological rope is located at the bottom of the buoyancy frame 2-1 of the inner box, and its shape is the same as that of the buoyancy of the inner box. The frames 2-1 are the same, for example, they are all rectangular frames, and the buoyancy frame 2-1 of the inner tank is connected with the bottom fixing rod 2-3 of the biological rope to form the inner tank wall 2-2. The biological rope has a mesh structure, and the mesh needs to ensure that fish can pass through normally. The inner box buoyancy frame 2-1 also adopts waterproof and anti-corrosion materials such as polyethylene pipes, and the interior is filled with foam 1-1-1 to keep the inner box floating on the water surface. A filter screen is laid between the fixed rods 2-3 at the bottom of the biological rope to form the inner box bottom 2-4.

The biological rope can be made of polypropylene plastic and other materials with large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity, and easy to attach microorganisms. The length is about 1.5m, and the distance is 0.05m-0.1m; the surface of the biological rope can form a biofilm in the aquaculture water body , a large amount of adsorption and degradation conversion of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and fish medicines such as antibiotics.

The biological rope hanging around the inner box is fixed on the buoyancy frame 2-1 of the inner box by plastic cable ties, and kept vertical. The bottom fixing rod 2-3 of the biological rope has a density higher than that of water, and iron materials such as steel bars can be used. After immersion in the water body, Fe ³⁺ can be released, and then suspended particles can be removed by flocculation, and precipitates can be formed with phosphorus to improve the water quality removal effect.

(3) A sedimentation tank 3-1 is arranged in the inner box. The structure of the sedimentation tank 3-1 can be designed as a bucket-shaped structure with an upper opening, and the material can be plastic. The height of the sedimentation tank 3-1 is about 2-4 from the bottom of the inner box. 0.2m, used to collect the residual capsule bait 5 and excrement in the inner box. The sedimentation tank 3-1 can be lifted and lowered freely in the inner box by the lifting device.

The lifting device includes a control pulley 4-1, a traction line 4-2, a pulley 4-3-1, a pulley fixed rod 4-3-2, a connecting rod 4-3-3, and the sedimentation tank 3-1 passes through the traction line 4 -2 is connected with the pulley 4-3-1, and a plurality of pulleys 4-3-1 are arranged on the inner box buoyancy frame 2-1 through the pulley fixing rod 4-3-2, and the inner box buoyancy frame 2-1 is connected with the outer box buoyancy frame 1-1 are connected by a connecting rod 4-3-3, as shown in Figure 1, a pulley 4-3-1 (fixed pulley) is respectively provided at the center of the four sides of the buoyancy frame 2-1 of the inner tank, and the settling The four sides of pool 3-1 are connected with pulley 4-3-1 corresponding to the top by traction line 4-2, and traction line 4-2 passes fixed pulley (two of control pulley 4-1) through each pulley 4-3-1. Adjacent corners are two direction change pulleys) and the direction changes are summarized to the control pulley 4-1 at one corner of the buoyancy frame 2-1 of the inner box. The control pulley 4-1 is provided with a control handle 4-1-1, which can be controlled by shaking the control handle 4-1-1 can drive the traction line 4-2 and then drive the settling tank 3-1 to move up and down freely in the inner box.

(4) Add capsule bait 5 into the inner box, the shape and size of capsule bait 5 are determined according to the feeding habits of the raised fish. As shown in Figure 3, the capsule outer wall 5-1 of the capsule fishing bait 5 is generally made of gelatin, etc., and the capsule outer wall 5-1 is filled with traditional bait 5-2. After the capsule bait 5 is filled with bait, the overall density is similar to that of water, which ensures that the capsule bait 5 can be suspended in the water body for a long time without sinking quickly and becoming residual bait.

The biological rope arranged around the inner box has interception effect, which can reduce the diffusion of the inner box bait and excrement to the outer box, and impel it to enrich the sedimentation tank 3-1 at the bottom of the inner box. The fish cultured in the inner box can enter the outer box through the gap between the biological ropes, or return to the inner box from the outer box.

After the residual capsule bait 5 and the excrement of the sedimentation tank 3-1 accumulated to a certain degree, the control handle 4-1-1 on the control pulley 4-1 was shaken, so that the sedimentation tank 3-1 was in the position of four traction lines 4-2. Rise slowly to the surface of the water under tension. During this process, the fish cultured in the inner box enter the outer box through the pores between the biological ropes. After the sedimentation tank is cleaned up, reversely shake the control handle 4-1-1, and the sedimentation tank 3-1 will slowly drop to the bottom of the inner box under the action of its own gravity, and the fish that have entered the outer box before will pass through the biological rope again. The gap between them returns to the inner box.

The upper opening of the sedimentation tank 3-1 in the inner box is equipped with a plastic filter screen with a pore size of 1mm-5mm, which spatially isolates fish feeding activities from residual bait and excrement, thereby preventing fish activities from disturbing the accumulated residual capsule bait and excretion to avoid the diffusion and resuspension of pollutants. The plastic filter screen that the inner box settling tank 3-1 just above is provided with is the isolation net 3-2 shown in Figure 2, and the plastic filter screen installed just below the settling tank is the inner box bottom 2-4 shown in Figure 2.

The sedimentation tank 3-1 rises vertically under the pulling force of the four traction lines 4-2, and falls vertically under the action of the sedimentation tank's own gravity, without large deviation and instability in up, down, left, and right sides.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, All should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage is characterized in that: comprise outer case, be located at the inner case of outer case inside, be located at the settling pond (3-1) in the inner case and be used for settling pond ( 3-1) Lifting device for free lifting in inner box, said outer box includes outer box buoyancy frame (1-1), outer box wall (1-2), outer box wall fixing rod (1-3), outer box wall The bottom of the box (1-4), the outer box buoyancy frame (1-1) and the outer box wall fixing rod (1-3) located below the outer box buoyancy frame (1-1) are connected through a filter screen, and the filter screen That is to form the outer box wall (1-2), the filter screen is laid between the outer box wall fixing rods (1-3) to form the outer box bottom (1-4); the inner box includes the inner box buoyancy frame (2-1), the inner box The tank wall (2-2), the biological rope bottom fixing rod (2-3), the inner tank bottom (2-4), the inner tank buoyancy frame (2-1) and the organisms below the inner tank buoyancy frame (2-1) The bottom fixing rods (2-3) of the rope are connected by a mesh biological rope, which forms the inner box wall (2-2), and a filter screen is laid between the bottom fixing rods (2-3) of the biological rope to form a Inner box bottom (2-4); Inner box is used for adding capsule bait (5), and the upper opening of settling tank (3-1) is equipped with isolation net (3-2), and isolation net (3-2) is used for Fish feeding activities are spatially separated from the residual capsule bait (5) and excrement collected in the sedimentation tank (3-1). 2. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the isolation net (3-2) is 1mm-5mm. 3. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer box is anchored by concrete sinkers or fixed on the bank by ropes. 4. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the buoyancy frame (1-1) of the outer box is a horizontally placed frame-shaped piece, and the inside is filled with foam (1-1-1), To keep the outer box floating on the water surface, the shape of the outer box wall fixing rod (1-3) is the same as that of the outer box buoyancy frame (1-1), and the outer box wall fixing rod (1-3) has a certain gravity to form the filter screen The outer box wall (1-2) of the outer box is launched. 5. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 4, characterized in that: the inner box buoyancy frame (2-1) is a horizontally placed frame, filled with foam (1-1-1), Keep the inner box floating on the water surface, which is placed inside the buoyancy frame (1-1) of the outer box, and the bottom fixing rod (2-3) of the biological rope is located at the bottom of the buoyancy frame (2-1) of the inner box, and its shape is the same as that of the buoyancy frame of the inner box ( 2-1) is the same, the bottom fixing rod (2-3) of the biological rope adopts an iron fixing rod. 6. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biological rope is made of a material with a large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity, and easy attachment of microorganisms. 7. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 6, characterized in that: said biological rope is made of polypropylene plastic, and the distance is 0.05m-0.1m. 8. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biological rope is fixed on the buoyancy frame (2-1) of the inner box by plastic cable ties, and kept vertical. 9. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the sedimentation tank (3-1) is designed as a bucket-shaped structure with an upper opening, and within the height distance of the sedimentation tank (3-1) The bottom of the box (2-4) is about 0.2m. 10. The bait-saving and pollution-reducing ecological breeding net cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting device includes a control pulley (4-1), a traction line (4-2), a pulley (4-3-1 ), the pulley fixed rod (4-3-2), the connecting rod (4-3-3), the sedimentation tank (3-1) is connected with the pulley (4-3-1) through the traction line (4-2), and more A pulley (4-3-1) is arranged on the inner box buoyancy frame (2-1) through the pulley fixing rod (4-3-2), and the inner box buoyancy frame (2-1) and the outer box buoyancy frame (1-1) ) are connected by connecting rods (4-3-3), a pulley (4-3-1) is respectively provided at the center of the four sides of the buoyancy frame (2-1) of the inner tank, and the settling tank (3-1) The four sides of each pulley (4-2) are connected with the pulley (4-3-1) corresponding to the upper part through the traction line (4-2), and the traction line (4-2) is aggregated to the inner pulley after the change of direction of the fixed pulley through each pulley 4-3-1. The control pulley (4-1) at one corner of the box buoyancy frame (2-1), is provided with a control handle (4-1-1) on the control pulley (4-1), by shaking the control handle (4-1-1) It can drive the traction line 4-2 and then drive the sedimentation tank (3-1) to move up and down freely in the inner box.