CN103461263B - Pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility - Google Patents
Pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN103461263B CN103461263B CN201310451523.3A CN201310451523A CN103461263B CN 103461263 B CN103461263 B CN 103461263B CN 201310451523 A CN201310451523 A CN 201310451523A CN 103461263 B CN103461263 B CN 103461263B
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Abstract
A pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility is characterized in that a T-shaped water partition wall is arranged in a long strip-shaped aquiculture pond along the length direction to divide the cultivation pond into an eating fish aquiculture zone and a filter feeding fish aquiculture zone; the two zones are communicated by a fishing gate, a water inlet gate, a sewage colleting pipe and an aeration pipe; a conical sewage collecting pit is arranged at the pond bottom of one end, close to the fishing gate, of the eating fish aquiculture zone as an eating and defecting zone for fishes. Fishes of different niches in the pond are cultured in a separating mode, feces and residual baits of the eating fishes are concentrated and input to the filter feeding fish aquiculture zone by pneumatic water flows, and are re-eaten, purified, disintegrated or adsorbed by algae in the filter feeding fish aquiculture zone, thus ensuring the good water quality of the eating fish aquiculture zone, facilitating the growth of eating fishes, culturing the filter feeding fishes with the feces and residual baits of the eating fishes, improving the ecological effect of the pond aquiculture and reducing culture pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pond culture field, relate in particular to pollution control and the reutilization technology of pond culture.
Background technology
China is the largest country of pond culture in the world, and because industry development level is not high, the technical merits such as related facility, regulating and controlling water quality, pollution control are not high yet.Build although carried out the transformation of large-scale pond last century after the seventies, improve cultured output, drive the development of pond culture industry, but it is low still to exist pond culture facility degree, breeding pollution is serious, the problems such as cultivation material transformation efficiency is not high, have seriously restricted the development of pond culture industry.
Since the eighties in last century, more domestic researchers have proposed the construction method of pond facility, but make little progress.Pond is built with to certain theoretical research abroad, but lacks corresponding constructing technology.Aspect the regulation and control of pond culture water quality, due to generality and the extensive property of inland pond culture, people think little of the research of pond culture water quality control technique, since last century the nineties, although there is the pond through engineering approaches control techniques such as biologic float bed, artificial swamp, ecological pond, solved some problems, but most research is not applied to production process.
Aspect the efficient breeding ecological system constructing in pond, although there is time-honored model's pattern such as " Sang Ji fishery ", " fishery of sugarcane base " in China, owing to lacking systematic Study, never formation pattern.In recent years, although domestic in shrimp pond closed integrated culture technology, the aspect such as the ecosystem, combined artificial wetland-fishpond ecosystem system of many ponds cycle water shrimp ecosystem, " fishing-rice does altogether " has carried out some research, but as a whole, technology aspect pond culture pollutant recycling is ripe not enough both at home and abroad, exists the reason of above problem to be:
The first, traditional cultivating pool is simple in structure, and breeding ecological efficiency is not high;
The second, traditional pond is raised together with mode, although can make full use of different ecological position in water body, exists different fish and answers acute different influencing each other and fish for the problems such as inconvenience;
The 3rd, traditional pond exists the problems such as breeding water body environment conditioning difficulty;
The 4th, the major sedimentary such as traditional pond cultivation Mesichthyes excreta and the residual bait of ight soil, at the bottom of pond, cause breeding environment to worsen, deposit the problems such as seriously polluted.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of pond dystopy ecological water treatment facility, cultivating pool is divided into several head and the tail connected culturing area in turn, the fish culture of different ecological position is in different culturing areas, water body circulates along being oriented between culturing area, utilize the water circulation of endless track formula in making full use of water nutrition, to process various pollutants, the water body of purification is recycled, thereby improve breeding ecological efficiency, water-saving and emission-reducing.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of pond dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that:
In the cultivating pool of strip, arrange along its length the core wall of " T " font together, the cross wall section of core wall is connected with the ridge, the pool, both sides, cultivating pool is divided into food fish culture zone and the filter-feeding fish culture zone that the ratio of water meter area is 15%:85%～25%:75%, straight wall section is positioned at food property fish culture zone, its tail end and Tang Geng leave an intersegmental distance, this culturing area are divided into the culture zone of " U " font.
In cross wall section, offer respectively fishing gate and inlet gate, the two ends of food property fish culture zone are communicated with filter-feeding fish culture zone respectively, fishing gate is near the water surface, inlet gate near pond at the bottom of, respectively valve plate and the barrier net of configuration activities on two gates, slot that can installation activity fishing net cage in the configuration of fishing gate both sides.
On at the bottom of food property fish culture zone is near the pond, one end of fishing gate, offer the dirty hole of collection of taper, the dirty hole of collection aperture area is 15%～25% of food property fish culture zone water meter area, above the dirty hole of collection, water surface place arranges the dirty machine of collection of surging, sewage-collecting well is offered in the bottom, the dirty hole of collection of the dirty machine of the collection of surging below, on sewage-collecting well well head, fish grid is blocked in configuration, on the ridge, the pool above the dirty hole of collection, configure strength feeder, the turbofan being arranged on the ridge, the pool is strength feeder supply compressed air
At the bottom of defeated dirty pipe laterally covers and is embedded in pond, one end is stretched in food property fish culture zone and is communicated with at the bottom of sewage-collecting well, and one end is stretched in filter-feeding fish culture zone, is communicated with the aeration tube lower end being vertically arranged in this region, and water surface top is stretched out in aeration tube upper end.
Air hose one end is stretched in defeated dirty pipe from aeration tube upper end, end configuration aerator, and aerator is suspended on water surface below, and the other end is connected with turbofan, is aeration tube supply compressed air by turbofan.
In the upper strata breeding water body on food property fish culture zone " U " font base, arrange water-mill oxygen increasing machine, the current throughput direction of water-mill oxygen increasing machine is the direction that the water body of food property fish culture zone is promoted towards fishing gate one end by inlet gate one end.
Cultivating pool of the present invention is separated according to different ecological niches raising together with fish, pond is divided into food property fish culture zone and filter-feeding fish culture zone, water meter Area Ratio between twoth district is about 4:1 left and right, and food property fish culture zone is " U " font, is conducive to form directed current in this region, and current collection dirt, meanwhile, extend the time of staying of water body, be conducive to dissolved oxygen even, finally, also conveniently catch up with fish to fish for.
The dirty hole of collection in food property fish culture zone is actually food and the discharge area of fish, strength feeder is arranged on the ridge, the pool of top, the dirty hole of collection, bait is thrown in the water body of raising top, the dirty hole of collection, attracted to eat feeding fish multi-activity in the dirty hole of collection, be convenient to ight soil, residual bait is collected and discharged.
The dirty hole of collection aperture area is approximately 10% left and right of food property fish culture zone water meter area, is generally 10%～15%, and the density when selection foundation of this area is fish food is unsuitable excessive or too small.The excessive fish that affects of density in fish when food, fish rob food consume large, simultaneously little fish eat less than; Density when fish food is too small, and feed waste is large, and it is dirty to be difficult for collection.
Strength feeder is thrown something and fed and is required operation according to cultivation, for ensureing the sufficient fish time, when each startup strength feeder, need close water-mill oxygen increasing machine simultaneously and surge the dirty machine of collection, after fish, start water-mill oxygen increasing machine and the dirty machine of collection of surging, water-mill oxygen increasing machine is consistent with the running time of the dirty machine of collection of surging.
Water-mill oxygen increasing machine on water layer have stronger plug-flow capacity and certain mixing ability, the dissolved oxygen of upper water layer in cultivating pool is promoted to effect better, and select rational putting position, can on produce the oriented current that the water body of food property fish culture zone is promoted towards fishing gate one end by inlet gate one end in water layer, ight soil floating in water body, residual bait are concentrated to one end, the dirty hole of collection, collection is dirty effective, is convenient to blowdown.
The dirty machine of collection of surging utilizes floating vane central authorities water lift resonance to make wave to spread to surrounding, Chi Shui is under its floating vane turning effort, radially export to surrounding and gush along the water surface, the quickening of flow velocity reduces the fluid pressure of the dirty machine pivot part of collection of surging, the eddy flow that causes bottom current to rise, thereby large-scale stereo circulating current are formed, make whole water body all have an opportunity to contact with air, strengthen sunlight availability, promote the growth of phytoplankton, for filter-feeding fish provides more sufficient bait.The greater role of the dirty machine of collection of surging is also that collection is dirty, in the three-dimensional agitation of water body, more loose pollutant floats in the water body of upper strata, flows in filter-feeding fish culture zone, to obtain filter food, precipitation, to purify with upper strata water body from the fishing gate of upper water inlet structure; Heavier pollutant deposits in the sewage-collecting well of bottom, the dirty hole of collection gradually, and enters filter-feeding fish culture zone under the gas stripping power of aeration tube, becomes the planktonic fertilizer as filter-feeding fish bait.
Utilize flow action and gas stripping, concentrate and be input to filter-feeding fish culture zone by eating the residual bait of ight soil etc. that feeding fish produces, in this region, eaten again, purify, decompose, absorbed by algae by fish etc., both ensured that circulation flowed into the good water quality of water body in food fish culture zone, be conducive to food property fish growth, utilize again the residual bait of ight soil of eating feeding fish generation to cultivate filter-feeding fish, improved the breeding ecological effect in pond, reduced breeding pollution.
The inlet gate of water inlet being that water body adopts in the time that filter-feeding fish culture zone enters food property fish culture zone, be convenient to lower floor's water body comparatively clean in filter-feeding fish culture zone and enter food property fish culture zone, the lower water inlet structure of inlet gate forms diagonal angle with the upper water inlet structure of fishing gate, makes water distribution more even.
Fishing gate also has fishing function, be positioned at the slot that is configured for respectively installation activity fishing net cage on the both-side opening of food property fish culture zone and filter-feeding fish culture zone at fishing gate, while fishing for filter-feeding fish, movable net cage is inserted to the slot that is positioned at food property fish culture zone one side, open net cage, the shoal of fish is caught up with into fishing gate; Fish for while eating feeding fish movable net cage is inserted to the slot that is positioned at filter-feeding fish culture zone one side, open net cage, the shoal of fish is caught up with into fishing gate.
Further, in the time that exceeding 1.25kg/m3 water body, filter-feeding fish cultivation density can produce the too much pollutant such as ight soil, residual bait, filter-feeding fish culture zone cannot only rely on planktonic purification to reach purification requirement, or the plankton density such as the algae growing in this region tend to too high, affect on the contrary the growth of fish in this region, now just just need to increase water plants strengthened purification function.A kind of preferred version is cultivation floating plant for purifying water body and the algal grown of drawing up: along core wall straight wall section direction, block is installed in filter-feeding fish culture zone, filter-feeding fish culture zone is divided into two parts by block, the cultivation filter-feeding fish in a side waters of blocking, the output of defeated dirty pipe is positioned at this region with fishing gate, on the waters of block opposite side, cultivates floating plant.
Further again, according to being according to algae density and body eutrophication level, the water meter Area Ratio in block waters, both sides is 1:0.5～1:1.5.
Further again, the spacing between straight wall section tail end and the ridge, the pool of core wall is 3～5m.
Further again, aeration tube upper end exceeds the water surface 5～10cm.
Further again, fishing gate quantity is 2.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, pond of the present invention dystopy ecological water treatment facility is separately raised the fish of different ecological position, concentrate and be input to filter-feeding fish culture zone by air lift current eating the residual bait of ight soil etc. that feeding fish produces, obtain in filter-feeding fish culture zone fish eat again, purify, decompose by algae absorb etc., both ensured the good water quality requirement of food fish culture zone, be conducive to the fish growth of eating food, the residual bait of ight soil again food fish being produced has cultivated filter-feeding fish, the breeding ecological effect that has improved pond, has reduced breeding pollution;
2, breeding water body circulates along being oriented between culturing area, utilizes the water circulation of endless track formula in making full use of water nutrition, to process various pollutants, recycles breeding water body, thereby improves breeding ecological efficiency, water-saving and emission-reducing;
3, simple in structure, the highly effective in pond of the present invention, it is good that the residual baits of ight soil etc. extract suction effect, and the residual bait of ight soil of 80% left and right that food fish produce can enter into filter-feeding fish vitellarium, and good reliability, is beneficial to and applies.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plan structure schematic diagram in pond of the present invention
Fig. 2 be in Fig. 1 A-A to cross-sectional schematic
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 1 B-B to cross-sectional schematic
Fig. 4 is the enlarged diagram of Fig. 2 coil part
In Fig. 1～4: 1 is filter-feeding fish culture zone, 2 is food property fish culture zone, and 3 is core wall, 4 is inlet gate, and 5 is fishing gate, and 6 is the dirty hole of collection, 7 is water-mill oxygen increasing machine, and 8 is the dirty machine of collection of surging, and 9 is strength feeder, 10 is turbofan, and 11 is aeration tube, and 12 is defeated dirty pipe, 13 is aerator, and 14 is block, and 15 is floating plant, 16 is the ridge, the pool, and 17 is sewage-collecting well, and 18 is air hose.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
T font core wall 3 is set in rectangle aquaculture pond, by rectangle pond according to 4:1 component segmentation, wherein 4/5 area is eaten feeding fish for cultivation, 1/5 area is used for cultivating filter-feeding fish and places floating plant 15, and this ratio is the best Burden that feeding fish and filter-feeding fish are eaten in cultivation.In the cross wall section of core wall 3, be respectively equipped with 5 and 1 inlet gate 4 of 2 fishing gates, flashboard and the barrier net of difference configuration activities on gate.
Core wall 3 tail ends and the fishpond Tang Geng of food property fish culture zone 2 have 3～5m spacing, make food property fish culture zone 2 be separated to form U-shaped structure.
Between food property fish culture zone 2 and filter-feeding fish culture zone 1 by defeated dirty pipe 12, aeration tube 11 and inlet gate 4, fish gate 5 and be communicated with and form racetrack cultivating system.The dirty hole 6 of collection of pyramidal structure is set near the fishing gate 5 of food property fish culture zone 2, and arrange and be with the sewage-collecting well 17 that blocks fish grid in center, the end, hole, at the bottom of defeated dirty pipe 12 covers and is embedded in pond and from sewage-collecting well 17, dirt is transported to filter-feeding fish culture zone 1, in aeration tube 11 outlets, aerator 13 is installed, the dirt such as ight soil, residual bait food fish being produced by airlift is discharged into filter-feeding fish culture zone 1, and the dirty hole of collection 6 areas account for food fish culture district area 1/5.
Filter-feeding fish culture zone 1 is divided into 2 parts by block, and a part is used for cultivating filter-feeding fish and has placed fishing net cage, and a part can be placed floating plant 15 for purifying water body and the algal grown of drawing up.Turbofan 10 be installed on the ridge, the pool 16 to strength feeder 9 and be arranged on aerator 13 air feed in aeration tube 11, in 6 centers, the dirty hole of collection, the dirty machine 8 of collection of surging being installed, near the ridge, the pool dirty hole 6 of collection, strength feeder 9 being installed; Water-mill oxygen increasing machine 7 is installed near core wall tail end, for water oxygenation and manufacture current.Strength feeder 9 is thrown something and fed and is required operation according to cultivation, when each startup feeder, need close water-mill oxygen increasing machine 7 and the dirty machine 8 of collection of surging simultaneously, throwing starts water-mill oxygen increasing machine 7 and the dirty machine 8 of collection of surging after raising end, and water-mill oxygen increasing machine 7 is consistent with the running time of the dirty machine 8 of collection of surging.
The flashboard of inlet gate 4, apart from 20cm left and right at the bottom of pond, is convenient to lower floor's water body comparatively clean in filter-feeding fish culture zone 1 and is entered food property fish culture zone 2; Fishing gate 5 flashboards are lower than water surface 20cm left and right, and the lower water inlet structure of inlet gate 4 forms diagonal angle with the upper water inlet structure of fishing gate 5, makes water distribution more even.
The present invention concentrates and is input to filter-feeding fish culture zone 1 by air lift, current eating the residual bait of ight soil etc. that feeding fish produces, obtain in filter-feeding fish culture zone 1 fish eat again, purify, decompose by algae absorb etc., both ensured the good water quality requirement of food property fish culture zone 2, be conducive to the fish growth of eating food, the residual bait of ight soil again food fish being produced has cultivated filter-feeding fish, the breeding ecological effect that has improved pond, has reduced breeding pollution.
Claims (7)
1. a pond dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that:
In the cultivating pool of strip, arrange along its length the core wall (3) of " T " font together, the cross wall section of core wall (3) is connected with both sides Tang Geng (16), cultivating pool is divided into food fish culture zone (2) and filter-feeding fish culture zone (1) that the ratio of water meter area is 15%:85%～25%:75%, straight wall section is positioned at food property fish culture zone (2), its tail end and Tang Geng (16) leave an intersegmental distance, this culturing area are divided into the culture zone of " U " font;
In cross wall section, offer respectively fishing gate (5) and inlet gate (4), will food property fish culture zone (2) two ends be communicated with filter-feeding fish culture zone (1) respectively, the flashboard of installation activity respectively on two gates, the flashboard of fishing gate (5) is lower than the water surface, the flashboard of inlet gate (4) higher than pond at the bottom of, barrier net is all equipped with in flashboard outside, is positioned at the slot that is configured for respectively installation activity on the both-side opening of food property fish culture zone (2) and filter-feeding fish culture zone (1) and fishes net cage at fishing gate (5);
On at the bottom of food property fish culture zone (2) is near the pond, one end of fishing gate (5), offer the dirty hole of collection (6) of taper, the dirty hole of collection (6) aperture area is 10%～15% of food property fish culture zone (2) water meter area, at dirty machine of collection (8) of surging of top, the dirty hole of collection (6) water surface place configuration, sewage-collecting well (17) is offered in the surge bottom, the dirty hole of collection (6) of the dirty machine of collection (8) below, on sewage-collecting well (17) well head, fish grid is blocked in configuration, at the ridge, the pool (16) the upper configuration strength feeder (9) of top, the dirty hole of collection (6), the turbofan (10) being arranged on the ridge, the pool (16) provides compressed air for strength feeder (9),
At the bottom of defeated dirty pipe (12) covers and is embedded in pond, one end is stretched in food property fish culture zone (2) and is communicated with sewage-collecting well (17) end, and one end is stretched in filter-feeding fish culture zone (1), is communicated with aeration tube (11) lower end being vertically arranged in this region, water surface top is stretched out in aeration tube (11) upper end
Air hose (18) one end is stretched in defeated dirty pipe (12) from aeration tube (11) upper end, end configuration aerator (13), aerator (13) is suspended on water surface below, and the other end is connected with turbofan (10), be aeration tube (11) supply compressed air by turbofan (10)
In the upper strata breeding water body on food property fish culture zone (2) " U " font base, arrange water-mill oxygen increasing machine (7), the current throughput direction of water-mill oxygen increasing machine (7) be will food property fish culture zone (2) water body by inlet gate (4) one end towards the direction of fishing the promotion of gate (5) one end.
2. pond according to claim 1 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, it is characterized in that: along core wall (3) straight wall section direction, block (14) is installed in filter-feeding fish culture zone (1), filter-feeding fish culture zone (1) is divided into two parts by block (14), cultivation filter-feeding fish in block (14) one side waters, the output of defeated dirty pipe (12) is positioned at this region with fishing gate (5), on the waters of block (14) opposite side, plants floating plant.
3. pond according to claim 2 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that: the water meter Area Ratio in block (14) waters, both sides is 1:0.5～1:1.5.
4. pond according to claim 1 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that: between fishing gate (5) bottom and the water surface, leave the pool of crossing of 20cm, inlet gate (4) is apart from 20cm at the bottom of pond.
5. pond according to claim 1 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that: the spacing between the straight wall section tail end of core wall (3) and Tang Geng (16) is 3～5m.
6. pond according to claim 1 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that: aeration tube (11) upper end exceeds the water surface 5～10cm.
7. pond according to claim 1 dystopy ecological water treatment facility, is characterized in that: described fishing gate (5) quantity is 2.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310451523.3A CN103461263B (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility |
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| CN201310451523.3A CN103461263B (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility |
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| CN103461263B true CN103461263B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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| CN104170785B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-05-25 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of water-flow control method of efficiency culturing pool |
| CN104737949B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-06-23 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of double pond cyclic culture methods for aquaculture |
| CN106365280A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-02-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Bubble oxygenation type dirt collecting system for bottom layer water body of aquaculture pond and dirt collecting method of system |
| CN106942121A (en) * | 2017-05-06 | 2017-07-14 | 安徽帝都农业生态园有限公司 | A kind of culturing pool |
| CN107094693B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | Runway type fish box fish excrement collecting device and method |
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| CN108293940A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-07-20 | 天津通洋农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pond industrialized aquaculture method |
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