CN103461263B - Pond differential niche ecological water treatment facility - Google Patents

Abstract

An ectopic ecological water treatment facility for ponds, in which a "T"-shaped water partition wall is arranged along its length in a long aquaculture pond, and the aquaculture pond is divided into a feeding fish breeding area and a filter-feeding fish breeding area. In the breeding area, the two areas are connected through the fishing gate and the water inlet gate, the sewage collection pipe and the aeration pipe, and a conical sewage collection pit is set up on the bottom of the pond near the fishing gate in the feeding fish breeding area as a fish trap. The eating and excreting area of the species. In the present invention, fishes in different ecological niches are raised separately in the pond, and the excrement and residual bait produced by feeding fish are concentrated and input into the filter-feeding fish breeding area through the air lift water flow, and the fish are obtained in the filter-feeding fish breeding area. Re-feeding, purification, decomposition or absorption by algae, etc., not only guarantee the good water quality requirements of the food fish breeding area, but also help the growth of the food fish, and breed the filter-feeding fish with the feces residues produced by the food fish, improving It improves the ecological effect of pond culture and reduces the pollution of culture.

Description

A pond heterotopic ecological water treatment facility

technical field

The invention relates to the field of pond culture, in particular to the pollution control and reuse technology of pond culture.

Background technique

my country is the country with the largest pond farming scale in the world. Due to the low level of industrial development, the technical level of related facilities, water quality regulation, and pollution control is not high. After the 1970s, large-scale pond reconstruction and construction were carried out, which increased the production of aquaculture and promoted the development of the pond aquaculture industry. However, there are still problems such as low degree of facilities for pond aquaculture, serious aquaculture pollution, and low conversion efficiency of aquaculture materials. Problems have seriously restricted the development of pond aquaculture.

Since the 1980s, some domestic researchers have proposed construction methods for pond facilities, but little progress has been made. There are certain theoretical studies on pond construction in foreign countries, but there is a lack of corresponding construction technology. In terms of pond aquaculture water quality control, due to the universality and extensiveness of inland pond aquaculture, people do not pay attention to the research on pond aquaculture water quality control technology. Since the 1990s, although there have been pond projects such as biological floating beds, artificial wetlands, and ecological ponds Chemical regulation technology has solved some problems, but most of the research has not been applied to the production process.

In terms of the construction of high-efficiency aquaculture ecosystems in ponds, although my country has long-established model models such as "mulberry fishery" and "cane-based fishery", due to the lack of systematic research, no model has been formed. In recent years, although some researches have been carried out in China on the closed comprehensive culture technology of shrimp ponds, the multi-pond circulating water shrimp culture system, the "fishing-rice co-production" ecosystem, and the compound artificial wetland-pond culture ecosystem, etc., the overall From a general point of view, domestic and foreign technologies for the reuse of pollutants in pond farming are not yet mature enough. The reasons for the above problems are:

First, the structure of traditional aquaculture ponds is simple, and the ecological efficiency of aquaculture is not high;

Second, although the traditional pond polyculture method can make full use of different ecological niches in the water body, there are problems such as the mutual influence of different fishes with different emergencies and the inconvenience of fishing;

Third, traditional ponds have problems such as difficulty in regulating the environment of aquaculture water;

Fourth, in traditional pond culture, fish excrement and fecal residual bait are mainly deposited on the bottom of the pond, causing problems such as deterioration of the culture environment and serious sediment pollution.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility, which divides the breeding pond into a number of breeding areas connected end to end in sequence, fishes of different ecological niches are cultured in different breeding areas, and the water body is along the Orientation circulates between breeding areas, and uses the circular runway-type water cycle to deal with various pollutants while making full use of water nutrients, and recycles the purified water, thereby improving the ecological efficiency of farming, saving water and reducing emissions.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A pond heterotopic ecological water treatment facility, characterized in that:

In the elongated aquaculture pond, a "T"-shaped water partition wall is arranged along its length. The transverse wall section of the water partition wall is connected with the pond ridges on both sides, and the ratio of the water surface area to divide the aquaculture pond is 15%. : 85% to 25%: 75% of feeding fish breeding areas and filter feeding fish breeding areas, the vertical wall section is located in the feeding fish breeding area, and there is a distance between the tail end and the pond ridge. The area is divided into "U" shaped breeding areas.

On the section of the transverse wall, a fishing gate and a water inlet gate are respectively set up, and the two ends of the feeding fish breeding area are respectively connected with the filter-feeding fish breeding area. The fishing gate is close to the water surface, and the water intake gate is close to the bottom of the pool. A movable valve plate and a fishing net are respectively arranged on the gate, and slots for installing movable fishing net boxes are arranged on both sides of the fishing gate.

Set up a conical sewage collection pit on the bottom of the pond near the fishing gate in the feeding fish breeding area. The opening area of the sewage collection pit is 15% to 25% of the water surface area of the feeding fish breeding area. A surge sewage collector is arranged on the water surface, and a sewage collection well is set up at the bottom of the sewage collection pit below the surge sewage collection machine. Fish blocking grilles are arranged on the wellhead of the sewage collection well, and pneumatic feeding is arranged on the ridge above the sewage collection pit. The turbo blower installed on the pond ridge supplies compressed air for the pneumatic feeding machine.

The sewage pipe is buried horizontally at the bottom of the pool, one end extends into the feeding fish breeding area and communicates with the bottom of the sewage collection well, the other end extends into the filter-feeding fish breeding area, and the aeration pipe vertically arranged in this area The lower end is connected, and the upper end of the aeration pipe stretches out above the water surface.

One end of the air hose extends from the upper end of the aeration pipe into the sewage pipe, and the end is equipped with an aerator. The aerator is suspended below the water surface, and the other end is connected to the turbine fan, which supplies compressed air to the aeration pipe.

In the upper aquaculture water body at the bottom of the "U" shape of the feeding fish breeding area, a waterwheel aerator is arranged. In the direction that one end of the fishing gate is pushed.

The culture pond of the present invention separates polyculture fish according to different ecological niches, and divides the pond into a feeding fish breeding area and a filter-feeding fish breeding area, and the water surface area ratio between the two areas is about 4:1 On the left and right, the feeding fish breeding area is in the shape of "U", which is conducive to the formation of directional water flow in this area, and the water collects sewage. At the same time, it prolongs the residence time of the water body, which is conducive to the uniform dissolved oxygen. fish fishing.

The sump pit in the feeding fish breeding area is actually the eating and excreting area of fish. The pneumatic feeding machine is arranged on the pond ridge above the sump pit, and the fish bait is fed into the water body above the sump pit. Attract carnivorous fish to move more in the sewage collection pit, so as to facilitate the collection and discharge of feces and residual bait.

The opening area of the sewage collection pit is about 10% of the water surface area of the feeding fish breeding area, generally 10% to 15%. The basis for the selection of this area is that the density of fish should not be too large or too small when eating. If the density of fish is too high, it will affect the feeding of fish, and the consumption of fish will be large, and at the same time, small fish will not be able to eat; if the density of fish is too small, the waste of feed will be large, and it will not be easy to collect pollution.

The pneumatic feeding machine operates according to the breeding and feeding requirements. In order to ensure sufficient fish feeding time, the water wheel aerator and the surge sewage collector must be turned off at the same time each time the pneumatic feeding machine is started. After the fish eat, start the water tank. The running time of the car aerator and the surge sewage collector, the water truck aerator and the surge sewage collector are the same.

The water wheel aerator has a strong push flow ability and a certain mixing ability in the middle and upper water layers, and it has a better effect on increasing the dissolved oxygen in the middle and upper water layers of the aquaculture pond. In the water layer, there is a directional water flow that pushes the water body in the feeding fish breeding area from one end of the water inlet gate to the one end of the fishing gate, so that the feces and residual bait floating in the water body are concentrated to one end of the sewage collection pit, and the sewage collection effect is good. Easy to drain.

The surge sewage collector uses the center of the floating body impeller to lift water and resonate to create waves to spread to the surroundings. Under the action of the rotation of the floating body impeller, the pool water rushes along the radial output of the water surface to the surroundings. The pressure of the fluid decreases, causing the bottom water flow to rise and swirl, thus forming a large-scale three-dimensional circulating water flow, so that the entire water body has the opportunity to contact with the air, which strengthens the utilization rate of sunlight and promotes the growth of phytoplankton. Fish provide more adequate bait. The greater role of the surge sewage collector is to collect sewage. During the three-dimensional agitation process of the water body, the loose pollutants float up into the upper water body, and flow into the filter-feeding fish from the fishing gate of the upper water inlet structure along with the upper water body. In the breeding area, to obtain filter feeding, precipitation, and purification; heavier pollutants are gradually deposited into the sewage collection well at the bottom of the sump pit, and enter the filter-feeding fish breeding area under the air lift force of the aeration tube, becoming Fertilizer for plankton as bait for filter-feeding fish.

Utilize the effect of water flow and air lift to concentrate the feces and residual bait produced by feeding fish and enter them into the breeding area of filter-feeding fish, where they will be re-fed, purified, decomposed, absorbed by algae, etc. by fish in this area. In order to ensure the good water quality of the water that circulates into the feeding fish breeding area, it is beneficial to the growth of feeding fish, and the filter-feeding fish is cultivated by using the excrement residue bait produced by feeding fish, which improves the ecological effect of pond breeding and reduces Farming pollution.

When the water body enters the feeding fish breeding area from the filter-feeding fish breeding area, the water inlet gate of the lower water is used, which is convenient for the relatively clean lower water body in the filter-feeding fish breeding area to enter the feeding fish breeding area. The lower water inlet structure of the gate and the upper water inlet structure of the fishing gate form a diagonal, so that the water distribution is more uniform.

The fishing gate also has a fishing function. The openings on both sides of the fishing gate located in the feeding fish breeding area and the filter-feeding fish breeding area are respectively equipped with slots for installing movable fishing cages to catch filter-feeding fish When fishing, insert the movable cage into the slot on the side of the feeding fish breeding area, open the cage, and drive the fish into the fishing gate; when fishing for feeding fish, insert the movable cage In the slot on one side of the fish breeding area, open the cage to drive the fish into the fishing gate.

Furthermore, when the filter-feeding fish breeding density exceeds 1.25kg/m3 water body, excessive feces, residual bait and other pollutants will be produced, and the filter-feeding fish breeding area cannot meet the purification requirements only by the purification of plankton, or the area The density of plankton such as algae growing in the area is often too high, which will affect the growth of fish in the area. At this time, it is necessary to increase the purification function of aquatic plants. A preferred solution is to cultivate floating plants to purify the water body and simulate the growth of algae: along the direction of the vertical wall section of the water separation wall, install a screen in the filter-feeding fish breeding area, and the screen divides the filter-feeding fish breeding area into two parts , filter-feeding fish are cultivated in the water area on one side of the block, the output end of the sewage pipe and the fishing gate are located in this area, and floating plants are cultivated in the water area on the other side of the block.

Further, the basis is that according to the algae density and the eutrophication level of the water body, the water surface area ratio of the waters on both sides of the block is 1:0.5 to 1:1.5.

Furthermore, the distance between the end of the vertical wall section of the water-repellent wall and the pond ridge is 3-5m.

Further, the upper end of the aeration pipe is 5-10 cm higher than the water surface.

Further, the number of fishing gates is 2.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility of the present invention raises fish in different ecological niches separately, concentrates the feces and residual bait produced by feeding fish, and imports them into the filter-feeding fish breeding area through air lift water flow. The fish breeding area is re-fed, purified, decomposed and absorbed by algae, etc., which not only ensures the good water quality requirements of the eating fish breeding area, but also facilitates the growth of eating fish, and breeds the feces and residual bait produced by eating fish Filter-feeding fish improves the ecological effect of pond farming and reduces farming pollution;

2. The aquaculture water circulates between the aquaculture areas along the orientation, and uses the ring-shaped track-type water cycle to deal with various pollutants while making full use of the nutrients in the water body, and recycles the aquaculture water body, thereby improving the ecological efficiency of aquaculture, saving water and reducing emissions;

3. The pond structure of the present invention is simple, efficient and practical, and the extraction and suction effect of fecal residual bait is good. About 80% of the fecal residual bait produced by eating fish can enter the growth area of filter-feeding fish, which has good reliability and is conducive to popularization and application .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the top view structural representation of pond of the present invention

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 1

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the BB direction in Figure 1

Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the coil part in Figure 2

Among Figures 1 to 4: 1 is a filter-feeding fish breeding area, 2 is a feeding fish breeding area, 3 is a water barrier, 4 is an inlet gate, 5 is a fishing gate, 6 is a sewage pit, and 7 is a Water wheel aerator, 8 is a surge sewage collector, 9 is a pneumatic feeding machine, 10 is a turbo fan, 11 is an aeration pipe, 12 is a sewage pipe, 13 is an aerator, 14 is a block, 15 is Floating plants, 16 are pond ridges, 17 are sewage collection wells, and 18 are gas hoses.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Set up a T-shaped water barrier 3 in the rectangular aquaculture pond, and divide the rectangular pond according to 4:1 composition, wherein 4/5 of the area is used for breeding food-eating fish, and 1/5 of the area is used for breeding filter-feeding fish And place 15 floating water plants, this ratio is the best matching ratio of feeding fish and filter-feeding fish. Two fishing gates 5 and one water intake gate 4 are respectively arranged on the transverse wall section of the water partition wall 3, and movable flashboards and fishing nets are respectively configured on the gates.

There is 3～5m spacing between the end of the partition wall 3 of the feeding fish breeding area 2 and the fish pond ridge, so that the feeding eating fish breeding area 2 is separated to form a U-shaped structure.

The feeding fish culture area 2 and the filter-feeding fish culture area 1 are communicated with each other through the sewage pipe 12, the aeration pipe 11, the water inlet gate 4, and the fishing gate 5 to form a track type culture system. The sewage collection pit 6 of conical structure is set near the fishing gate 5 of the feeding fish breeding area 2, and the sewage collection well 17 with the fish blocking grid is set at the bottom center of the pit, and the sewage pipe 12 is buried in the pool. bottom and transport the dirt from the sewage collection well 17 to the filter-feeding fish breeding area 1, install the aerator 13 at the outlet of the aeration pipe 11, and release the feces, residual bait and other dirt produced by the eating fish to the filter through air lifting. The feeding fish breeding area 1 and the sewage collection pit 6 account for about 1/5 of the eating fish breeding area.

The filter-feeding fish breeding area 1 is divided into 2 parts by blocking nets, one part is used for cultivating filter-feeding fish and fishing cages are placed, and the other part can place floating plants 15 for purifying water bodies and imitating algae growth. On the pond ridge 16, a turbo fan 10 is installed to supply air to the pneumatic feeder 9 and the aerator 13 installed in the aeration pipe 11, and a surge sewage collector 8 is installed at the sewage collection pit 6 center positions, Pneumatic feeding machine 9 is installed on the pond ridge near 6; Water wheel aerator 7 is installed near the water dividing wall tail end, is used for water body oxygenation and makes current. Pneumatic feeding machine 9 operates according to the requirements of breeding and feeding. When starting the feeding machine each time, the water wheel aerator 7 and the surge sewage collector 8 must be turned off at the same time. After feeding, the water wheel aerator 7 and the surge collector are started Wave sewage collecting machine 8, the running time of water wheel aerator 7 and surge sewage collecting machine 8 are consistent.

The flashboard of water inlet gate 4 is about 20cm apart from the bottom of the pond, which is convenient for the relatively clean lower water body in the filter-feeding fish breeding area 1 to enter the eating fish breeding area 2; The lower water inlet structure of the gate 4 forms a diagonal with the upper water inlet structure of the fishing gate 5, so that the water distribution is more even.

The present invention concentrates the excrement residues produced by fish-eating fish and inputs them into the filter-feeding fish breeding area 1 through air lift and water flow, and the fish obtained in the filter-feeding fish breeding area 1 are re-fed, purified, and decomposed to be absorbed by algae etc., not only ensured the good water quality requirements of the food-eating fish breeding area 2, but also benefited the growth of the food-eating fish, and cultivated the filter-feeding fish with the excrement residual bait produced by the food-eating fish, which improved the ecological effect of pond breeding and reduced farming pollution.

Claims (7)

1. A pond heterotopic ecological water treatment facility, characterized in that: In the elongated aquaculture pond, a "T"-shaped water partition wall (3) is arranged along its length direction, and the transverse wall section of the water partition wall (3) is connected with the pond ridges (16) on both sides, so that the aquaculture pond Divide into feeding fish breeding area (2) and filter-feeding fish breeding area (1) with ratio of water surface area of 15%: 85% to 25%: 75%, vertical wall section is located in feeding fish breeding area ( 2) There is a distance between the tail end and the pond ridge (16), which separates the breeding area into a "U"-shaped breeding area; On the section of the transverse wall, a fishing gate (5) and a water intake gate (4) are set up respectively, and the two ends of the feeding fish breeding area (2) are respectively connected with the filter-feeding fish breeding area (1). Install movable flashboards respectively on the top, the flashboard of the fishing gate (5) is lower than the water surface, the flashboard of the water inlet gate (4) is higher than the bottom of the pool, and the flashboard outsides are equipped with fishing nets. ) Slots for installing movable fishing cages are respectively arranged on openings on both sides of the feeding fish breeding area (2) and the filter-feeding fish breeding area (1); On the bottom of an end pool near the fishing gate (5) in the feeding fish breeding area (2), a conical sewage collection pit (6) is set up, and the opening area of the sewage collection pit (6) is the feeding fish breeding area (2 ) of 10% to 15% of the water surface area, a surge sewage collector (8) is arranged on the water surface above the sewage collection pit (6), and a sewage collection machine (8) is installed at the bottom of the sewage collection pit (6) below the surge sewage collection machine (8). Sewage well (17), on the well head of the sewage collection well (17), configure the fish blocking grid, configure the pneumatic feeding machine (9) on the pond ridge (16) above the sewage collection pit (6), and install it on the pond ridge (16) ) on the turbo blower (10) provides compressed air for the pneumatic feeding machine (9), The sewage pipe (12) is covered and buried at the bottom of the pond, and one end stretches into the feeding fish breeding area (2) to communicate with the bottom of the sewage collection well (17), and one end extends into the filter-feeding fish breeding area (1) to communicate with the bottom of the filter-feeding fish breeding area (1). The lower end of the aeration pipe (11) vertically arranged in this area is connected, and the upper end of the aeration pipe (11) protrudes above the water surface. One end of the air hose (18) extends from the upper end of the aeration pipe (11) into the sewage pipe (12), and the end is equipped with an aerator (13). The aerator (13) is suspended below the water surface, and the other end is connected to the The turbo fan (10) is connected, and the turbo fan (10) supplies compressed air to the aeration pipe (11), In the upper aquaculture water body of the "U"-shaped bottom of the food-eating fish breeding area (2), the waterwheel aerator (7) is arranged, and the water flow delivery direction of the waterwheel aerator (7) is to feed the fish The water body in the breeding area (2) is driven by one end of the water intake gate (4) towards one end of the fishing gate (5). 2. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: along the direction of the vertical wall section of the water partition wall (3), a blocking net (14) is installed in the filter-feeding fish breeding area (1), The filter-feeding fish breeding area (1) is divided into two parts by the block (14), and the filter-feeding fish is cultivated in the water area on one side of the block (14), and the output end of the sewage pipe (12) and the fishing gate (5) are located at In this zone, floating plants are planted on the water area on the other side of the block (14). 3. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water surface area ratio of the waters on both sides of the block (14) is 1:0.5-1:1.5. 4. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: there is a 20cm water passing area between the bottom of the fishing gate (5) and the water surface, and the water inlet gate (4) is 20cm away from the bottom of the pond . 5. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the end of the vertical wall section of the water partition wall (3) and the pond ridge (16) is 3-5m. 6. The heterotopic ecological water treatment facility for ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the aeration pipe (11) is 5-10 cm higher than the water surface. 7. The pond ectopic ecological water treatment facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of said fishing gates (5) is two.