CN111226701A - Energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method - Google Patents
Energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226701A CN111226701A CN201911173655.8A CN201911173655A CN111226701A CN 111226701 A CN111226701 A CN 111226701A CN 201911173655 A CN201911173655 A CN 201911173655A CN 111226701 A CN111226701 A CN 111226701A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, throwing omnivorous fishes, crabs and filter feeding varieties into a purification culture area, planting waterweeds into a plant purification area, and throwing shrimps into a culture area with a high water change rate; step 2, controlling the liquid level of the sewage suction well by a sewage suction pump to be lower than the liquid level of the culture ponds, naturally pressing the sewage of each culture pond into the sewage suction well through a sewage discharge port by the pressure generated by liquid level difference, and then discharging the sewage into a purified culture area through a sewage discharge pipe; and 3, introducing the water purified in the purified culture area and the plant purification area into a disinfection area for disinfection, allowing the disinfected water to flow into an annular water inlet distribution well, and finally uniformly distributing the water to each culture pond from a water inlet. The invention has low cost and energy consumption and good controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to an energy-saving pond circulating water cultivation method.
Background
The prawn culture mainly comprises two modes of factory culture and pond culture, the factory culture mainly comprises workshop prawn pond culture, the investment is large, the culture environment is good in controllability, and the success rate is high. The controllability of pond culture is not as good as that of industrialized culture, but the investment is small, the technical threshold is low, and the method is the current mainstream culture method.
Pond culture can be divided into soil pond culture and elevated pond culture according to different water feeding and discharging conditions; the method is divided into three modes of rough culture, intensive culture and mixed culture according to the culture mode. Wherein, the rough culture and the intensive culture are both single variety, and the mixed culture has various modes of fish and shrimp mixed culture, shrimp, crab and shellfish mixed culture and the like. The pond culture system is usually designed for water supply and drainage according to natural conditions, adopts a large-scale culture method, and cannot comprehensively utilize culture tail water, residual baits and excrement. Some facility culture systems adopting a Multi-nutrient level Integrated Aquaculture method (IMTA) are not beneficial to reducing cost and production management because of the fact that the system has a plurality of functional modules, a large number of pumps are used, the energy consumption is high, and the control is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method, which can realize the water circulation of the system by using at least one sewage suction pump through the ingenious layout and the design of the liquid level difference of a functional area, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and energy consumption and being simple to control the system; by reasonably dividing the functional areas, the breeding varieties needing high water change rate and high protein feed are separated from the common varieties, which is beneficial to reducing the production interference among different breeding varieties, reducing the breeding cost, improving the utilization rate of residual feed and excrement, improving the water quality and improving the water circulation utilization rate. By optimizing the hydraulic retention time of different functional areas, the productivity of the culture space is fully utilized, and the functions of animals, plants and microorganisms in the utilization of residual bait and excrement and the purification of water quality are exerted.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method is applied to a pond recirculating aquaculture system, the pond recirculating aquaculture system comprises a purified aquaculture area, a plant purification area, a disinfection area and a high water change rate aquaculture area which are sequentially communicated, and the high water change rate aquaculture area is spatially separated from other areas by adopting physical materials;
the high water change rate culture area comprises at least two culture ponds, and the bottom of each culture pond is provided with a sewage discharge outlet respectively; the high water change rate culture area also comprises a sewage collecting part and a water inlet distribution part, wherein the sewage collecting part is provided with a sewage discharge pipe and a sewage suction pump connected with the sewage discharge pipe, the sewage discharge pipe is respectively communicated with a sewage discharge outlet and the purification culture area through the sewage suction pump, and the water inlet distribution part is respectively communicated with the culture pond and the disinfection area;
the energy-saving pond circulating water aquaculture method comprises the following steps:
step 1, throwing omnivorous fishes, crabs and filter feeding varieties into a purification culture area, planting waterweeds into a plant purification area, and throwing shrimps into a culture area with a high water change rate;
and 3, introducing the water purified in the purified culture area and the plant purification area into a disinfection area for disinfection, allowing the disinfected water to flow to the water inlet distribution part, and finally uniformly distributing the water to each culture pond.
Preferably, the culture pond is arranged around the sewage collection part, the sewage collection part further comprises a sewage suction well and a sewage suction pipe, and the sewage suction pipe is respectively communicated with the sewage suction well and the sewage discharge outlet; the water inlet distribution part comprises an annular water inlet distribution well and a water inlet pipe, the annular water inlet distribution well and the water inlet pipe are arranged around the sewage suction well, the annular water inlet distribution well is communicated with each culture pond, and the water inlet pipe is communicated with the annular water inlet distribution well and the disinfection area.
Preferably, the culture ponds are arranged in parallel, and the sewage collecting part and the water inlet distributing part are respectively arranged at two sides of the culture area with high water change rate; the sewage collecting part comprises a branch sewage pipe arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, a sewage collecting main pipe and a sewage collecting groove which are arranged at the side edge of the high water change rate culture area, each sewage outlet is respectively communicated with the sewage collecting main pipe through the branch sewage pipe, and the sewage collecting main pipe is also communicated with the sewage collecting groove; the water inlet distribution part comprises a water inlet main pipe and water inlet branch pipes, one end of the water inlet main pipe is communicated with the disinfection area, and the other end of the water inlet main pipe is communicated with each culture pond through the water inlet branch pipes.
Preferably, the flow rate of the sewage suction pump and the liquid level of the sewage suction well are controlled by adopting variable frequency, and the same liquid level is kept in each culture pond because the sewage discharge port is communicated with the sewage collection part; the pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe or the branch sewage pipe keeps the phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe or the branch sewage pipe is kept at a phase difference of less than or equal to 10 percent.
Preferably, the disinfection area comprises a water storage channel arranged between the plant purification area and the high water change rate cultivation area and an ultraviolet sterilizer arranged in the water storage channel, and the water storage channel is provided with a water inlet communicated with the plant purification area.
Preferably, in the step 1, the filter-feeding variety is one or more than two of chubs, shellfishes and snails; the aquatic weeds are submerged plants.
Preferably, in the step 1, the water volume ratio of the purification culture area to the high water change rate culture area is not less than 2.
Preferably, in step 3, the hydraulic retention time in the disinfection zone is at least 1 minute.
Preferably, in step 3, the hydraulic retention time of the water flow discharged from the sewage collecting part in the plant purification area is not less than 3 hours.
Preferably, in the step 1-3, the daily water change rate of the high water change rate culture area and the purification culture area is not less than 15% calculated according to the water body of the culture pond.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method has low energy consumption, and due to the ingenious water balance design, the water circulation problem of the system can be solved only by one sewage suction pump, and the energy-saving effect of the system is obvious.
2. The high water change rate culture area is separated from the purification culture area by a separated culture pond, is not interfered by fishes and crabs, can be independently fed with high-protein feed with higher price, and is not snatched by the fishes. And the device is separated from the aquatic plant planting area, so that the capture is facilitated.
3. Be equipped with ultraviolet disinfector in the water storage channel, adopt channel formula ultraviolet disinfection mode, equipment is simple high-efficient, can adopt the mode of flowing automatically business turn over water, need not be equipped with extra water pump.
4. The plant purification area sets up the front end at ultraviolet disinfector, can filter aquatic particulate matter, improves the disinfection effect of ultraviolet lamp.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a water circulation flow chart of the energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method provided by embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a purification cultivation area, 2-a plant purification area, 3-a high water change rate cultivation area, 4-a disinfection area, 5-a cultivation pond, 6-a sewage discharge outlet, 7-a sewage collection part, 71-a sewage suction well, 72-a sewage suction pipe, 73-a branch sewage pipe, 74-a sewage collection main pipe, 75-a sewage collection groove, 8-a water inlet distribution part, 81-an annular water inlet distribution well, 82-a water inlet pipe, 83-a water inlet main pipe, 84-a water inlet branch pipe, 9-a sewage suction pump, 10-a sewage discharge pipe, 11-a water storage channel, 12-an ultraviolet sterilizer, 13-a water inlet and 14-a water outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying fig. 1 to 3 and the embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method, which is applied to a pond recirculating aquaculture system, and the pond recirculating aquaculture system includes a purified aquaculture area 1, a plant purification area 2, a disinfection area 4, and a high water change rate aquaculture area 3, which are sequentially communicated. The high water change rate culture area 3 is spatially separated from other areas by adopting physical materials.
Wherein, the high water change rate culture area 3 comprises four culture ponds 5, and each culture pond 5 is respectively isolated from the purification culture area 1 and the plant purification area 2. The bottom of each culture pond 5 is provided with a sewage outlet 6. High water change rate breed district 3 still includes album dirty portion 7 and water distribution portion 8, and album dirty portion 7 is equipped with blow off pipe 10 and connects the soil pick-up pump 9 of blow off pipe 10, and blow off pipe 10 communicates drain 6 respectively and purifies breed district 1 through soil pick-up pump 9. The water inlet distribution part 8 is respectively communicated with the culture pond 5 and the disinfection area 4.
When the energy-saving pond circulating water aquaculture system is used, the purification aquaculture area 1 is used for putting omnivorous fishes, crabs and filter feeding varieties, the plant purification area 2 is used for planting aquatic plants, and the aquaculture pond 5 is used for putting shrimps. The residual baits and excrements of the shrimps discharged from the culture pond 5 are collected in the dirt collecting part 7 through the drain outlet 6 and then discharged to the purified culture area 1 through the drain pipe 10. The purification culture area 1 is used for purifying residual baits and excrement discharged by the culture pond 5, the filter-feeding variety is used for filtering and feeding algae, and the plant purification area 2 is used for purifying substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and phosphorus in water. The disinfection area 4 is communicated with the plant purification area 2, so that water purified by the plant purification area 2 is led into the disinfection area 4 and is disinfected in the disinfection area 4, the disinfected water flows to the water inlet distribution part 8 and finally flows into the culture pond 5, and therefore water circulation inside the pond is achieved. The soil suction pump 9 is used for sucking the residual baits of shrimps and the excrement mixture in the soil collection portion 7 into the soil discharge pipe 10 and then discharging them into the clean-breeding area 1. The liquid level difference between the sewage collecting part 7 and the culture ponds 5 is controlled by the sewage suction pump 9, so that the water circulation of the system, the sewage suction speed of each culture pond 5 and the water inlet speed are uniformly controlled.
Further, four culture ponds 5 are provided around the sewage collecting portion 7, and the sewage collecting portion 7 is provided at the intersection of the four culture ponds 5. The sewage collecting part 7 further comprises a sewage suction well 71 and a sewage suction pipe 72, and the sewage suction pipe 72 is respectively communicated with the sewage suction well 71 and the sewage outlet 6. The mixture of the residual baits and the excrements of the shrimps in the culture pond 5 flows into the sewage suction pipe 72 through the sewage discharge port 6 and further flows into the sewage suction well 71. The pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference of less than or equal to 10%, so that the sewage discharge capacity of each culture pond 5 is kept consistent. The inlet water distribution portion 8 includes an annular inlet water distribution well 81 and an inlet pipe 82 disposed around the sewage suction well 71. The annular inlet distribution well 81 is provided with an outlet 14. The annular water inlet distribution well 81 is respectively communicated with each culture pond 5 through the water outlet 14. The water inlet pipe 82 is communicated with the annular water inlet distribution well 81 and the disinfection zone 4 respectively. The sterilized purified water in the sterilization zone 4 flows into the annular water inlet distribution well 81 through the water inlet pipe 82 and further flows into the culture pond 5 through the water outlet 14.
Further, the flow rate of the sewage suction pump 9 and the liquid level of the sewage suction well 71 are controlled by adopting a variable frequency. The liquid level of each culture pond 5 is kept the same because the sewage discharge port 6 is communicated with the sewage collecting part 7. The pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe 72 or the branch sewage pipe 73 keeps the phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe 72 or the branch sewage pipe 73 is kept at a phase difference of less than or equal to 10%.
Further, the disinfection area 4 comprises a water storage channel 11 arranged between the plant purification area 2 and the high water change rate cultivation area 3 and an ultraviolet sterilizer 12 arranged in the water storage channel 11, wherein the water storage channel 11 is provided with a water inlet 13 communicated with the plant purification area 2. The water purified by the plant purification area 2 is communicated to the water storage channel 11 through the water inlet 13 and is disinfected by the ultraviolet disinfector 12, and the disinfected water flows to the annular water inlet distribution well 81 through the water inlet pipe 82 and finally flows into the culture pond 5, so that the water circulation in the pond is realized.
The culture pond 5 can be constructed by brick walls, closed enclosing cloth and soil dikes, and each culture pond 5 can be effectively isolated from the purified culture area 1 on the premise of not influencing the culture effect.
The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method comprises the following steps:
step 1, feeding omnivorous fishes, crabs and filter feeding varieties into a purification culture area 1, planting water plants in a plant purification area 2, and feeding shrimps into a high water change rate culture area 3; the purification breeding area 1 is used for purifying residual baits and excrement discharged by the breeding pond 5 by omnivorous fishes, the filter-feeding variety is used for filtering algae, and the plant purification area 2 is used for purifying substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and phosphorus in water; wherein the filter-feeding variety is one or more of silver carp, shellfish and snail; the aquatic plants are preferably submerged plants, so that the optimal purification effect is achieved; the water volume ratio of the purified culture area 1 to the high water change rate culture area 3 is not less than 2, so that the water quality of the whole pond is ensured;
and 3, purifying the sewage discharged from the sewage suction well 71 through the purification culture area 1 and the plant purification area 2 in sequence, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the water flow discharged from the sewage suction well 71 in the plant purification area 2 is not less than 3 hours, so that the residual bait and excrement discharged by shrimps are effectively purified by omnivorous fishes, and substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and phosphorus in the water are purified by waterweeds. The purified water is led into the disinfection area 4 for disinfection, and the disinfected water flows to the annular water inlet distribution well 8 and is evenly distributed to each culture pond 5 from the water outlet 14. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the water purified by the plant purification area 2 is communicated to the water storage channel 11 through the water inlet 13 and is disinfected for at least 1 minute by the ultraviolet disinfector 12 to kill microbes such as bacteria in the water, and the disinfected water flows to the annular water inlet distribution well 81 through the water inlet pipe 82 and finally flows into the culture pond 5 from the water outlet 14 to realize the water circulation in the pond. Calculated according to the water body of the culture pond 5, the daily water change rate of the high water change rate culture area 3 and the purification culture area 1 is not less than 15%, and the survival demand of shrimps in the culture pond 5 can be met.
The energy-saving pond circulating water aquaculture method can automatically realize the water circulating purification process in the pond without external conditions. Wherein, the excrement and the residual bait in the high water change rate culture area 3 are discharged into the purification culture area 1 of the pond through the blow-off pipe 10 for other fishes to eat, thereby realizing the reutilization of waste, solving the problem of waste and reducing the feeding cost of the purification culture area 1; meanwhile, the plants planted in the plant purification area 2 in the pond have a purification effect on ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, phosphorus and other substances in water, and finally purified water is disinfected through the disinfection area 4 and then returned to the high water change rate culture area 3, so that the water circulation process in the whole pond is realized. In addition, the high water change rate culture area 3 is isolated from the outside by using a separated culture space, is not interfered by fishes and crabs, can be independently fed with high-protein feed with higher price, and is not snatched by the fishes. And, since it is separated from the plant purification area 2, it is advantageous for capturing.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the number and arrangement of the culture ponds 5 are different, and the method is the same as that of embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the cultivation ponds 5 are arranged in parallel, and the sewage collecting part 7 and the water inlet distributing part 8 are respectively arranged at two sides of the cultivation area 3 with high water changing rate. The sewage collecting part 7 comprises a branch sewage pipe 73 arranged at the bottom of the culture pond 5, and a sewage collecting main pipe 74 and a sewage collecting tank 75 arranged at the side of the high water change rate culture area 3. Each sewage outlet 6 is communicated with a sewage collecting main pipe 74 through a branch sewage pipe 73, and the sewage collecting main pipe 74 is also communicated with a sewage collecting groove 75, so that the sewage in the culture pond 5 flows into the sewage collecting groove 75 through the branch sewage pipe 73 and the sewage collecting main pipe 74 in sequence. The pipe diameter of the branch sewage pipe 73 keeps the phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the branch sewage pipe 73 is kept to have a phase difference of less than or equal to 10%, and the sewage discharge capacity of each culture pond 5 is kept consistent. The water inlet distribution part 8 comprises a water inlet header pipe 83 and water inlet branch pipes 84, one end of the water inlet header pipe 83 is communicated with the disinfection area 4, and the other end of the water inlet header pipe is communicated with each culture pond 5 through the water inlet branch pipes 84. The purified water sterilized in the sterilizing area 4 passes through the water inlet main pipe 83 and the water inlet branch pipes 84 in sequence, and flows into the culture ponds 5 from the water inlet branch pipes 84 respectively.
Example 3
In this example, the number of the culture ponds 5 was the same as that of example 1.
In the present embodiment, three culture ponds 5 are provided. The three culture ponds 5 are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin'. The three culture ponds 5 are arranged around the sewage collecting part 7, and the sewage collecting part 7 is arranged at the intersection of the three culture ponds 5. The sewage collecting part 7 comprises a sewage suction well 71 and a sewage suction pipe 72, and the sewage suction pipe 72 is respectively communicated with the sewage suction well 71 and the sewage outlet 6. The mixture of the residual baits and the excrements of the shrimps in the culture pond 5 flows into the sewage suction pipe 72 through the sewage discharge port 6 and further flows into the sewage suction well 71. The pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference of less than or equal to 10%, so that the sewage discharge capacity of each culture pond 5 is kept consistent. The water inlet distribution part 8 comprises an annular water inlet distribution well 81 and a water inlet pipe 82 which are arranged around the sewage suction well 71, the annular water inlet distribution well 81 is communicated with the culture pond 5, and the water inlet pipe 82 is respectively communicated with the annular water inlet distribution well 81 and the disinfection area 4. The sterilized purified water in the sterilization zone 4 flows into the annular water inlet distribution well 81 through the water inlet pipe 82 and further flows into the culture pond 5.
Example 4
In this example, the number of the culture ponds 5 was the same as that of example 1.
In the present embodiment, the number of the culture ponds 5 is two. The two culture ponds 5 are arranged in parallel. The two culture ponds 5 are arranged around the sewage collecting part 7, and the sewage collecting part 7 is arranged at the intersection of the two culture ponds 5. The sewage collecting part 7 comprises a sewage suction well 71 and a sewage suction pipe 72, and the sewage suction pipe 72 is respectively communicated with the sewage suction well 71 and the sewage outlet 6. The mixture of the residual baits and the excrements of the shrimps in the culture pond 5 flows into the sewage suction pipe 72 through the sewage discharge port 6 and further flows into the sewage suction well 71. The pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe 72 is kept at a phase difference of less than or equal to 10%, so that the sewage discharge capacity of each culture pond 5 is kept consistent. The water inlet distribution part 8 comprises an annular water inlet distribution well 81 and a water inlet pipe 82 which are arranged around the sewage suction well 71, the annular water inlet distribution well 81 is communicated with the culture pond 5, and the water inlet pipe 82 is respectively communicated with the annular water inlet distribution well 81 and the disinfection area 4. The sterilized purified water in the sterilization zone 4 flows into the annular water inlet distribution well 81 through the water inlet pipe 82 and further flows into the culture pond 5.
It is understood that the culture ponds 5 are not limited to two or three or four, and in other embodiments, may be greater than four.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. An energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method is applied to a pond recirculating aquaculture system and is characterized in that the pond recirculating aquaculture system comprises a purification aquaculture area (1), a plant purification area (2), a disinfection area (4) and a high water change rate aquaculture area (3) which are sequentially communicated, wherein the high water change rate aquaculture area (3) is spatially separated from other areas by adopting physical materials;
the high water change rate culture area (3) comprises at least two culture ponds (5), and the bottom of each culture pond (5) is provided with a sewage discharge outlet (6) respectively; the high water change rate culture area (3) further comprises a sewage collection part (7) and a water inlet distribution part (8), the sewage collection part (7) is provided with a sewage discharge pipe (10) and a sewage suction pump (9) connected with the sewage discharge pipe (10), the sewage discharge pipe (10) is respectively communicated with the sewage discharge port (6) and the purification culture area (1) through the sewage suction pump (9), and the water inlet distribution part (8) is respectively communicated with the culture pond (5) and the disinfection area (4);
the energy-saving pond circulating water aquaculture method comprises the following steps:
step 1, feeding omnivorous fishes, crabs and filter feeding varieties into a purification culture area (1), planting water plants in a plant purification area (2), and feeding shrimps into a high water change rate culture area (3);
step 2, controlling the liquid level of the sewage collecting part (7) by a sewage suction pump (16) to be lower than the liquid level of the culture ponds (5), naturally pressing the sewage of each culture pond (5) into the sewage collecting part (7) through a sewage outlet (6) by the pressure generated by liquid level difference, and then discharging the sewage into the purified culture area (1) through a sewage discharge pipe (10);
and 3, introducing the water purified in the purified culture area (1) and the plant purification area (2) into a disinfection area (4) for disinfection, making the disinfected water flow to a water inlet distribution part (8), and finally uniformly distributing the water to each culture pond (5).
2. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, characterized in that the aquaculture pond (5) is arranged around the sewage collecting part (7), the sewage collecting part (7) further comprises a sewage suction well (71) and a sewage suction pipe (72), and the sewage suction pipe (72) is respectively communicated with the sewage suction well (71) and the sewage discharge outlet (6); the water inlet distribution part (8) comprises an annular water inlet distribution well (81) and a water inlet pipe (82) which are arranged around the sewage suction well (71), the annular water inlet distribution well (81) is respectively communicated with each culture pond (5), and the water inlet pipe (82) is respectively communicated with the annular water inlet distribution well (81) and the disinfection area (4).
3. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, characterized in that the aquaculture ponds (5) are arranged in parallel, the sewage collecting part (7) and the water inlet distributing part (8) are respectively arranged at two sides of the aquaculture area (3) with high water change rate; the sewage collecting part (7) comprises a branch sewage pipe (73) arranged at the bottom of the culture pond (5), a sewage collecting main pipe (74) and a sewage collecting groove (75) which are arranged at the side edge of the high water change rate culture area (3), each sewage draining outlet (6) is respectively communicated with the sewage collecting main pipe (74) through the branch sewage pipe (73), and the sewage collecting main pipe (74) is also communicated with the sewage collecting groove (75); the water inlet distribution part (8) comprises a water inlet header pipe (83) and water inlet branch pipes (84), one end of the water inlet header pipe (83) is communicated with the disinfection area (4), and the other end of the water inlet header pipe is communicated with each culture pond (5) through the water inlet branch pipes (84).
4. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the flow of the sewage suction pump (9) and the liquid level of the sewage suction well (7) are controlled by frequency conversion, and the liquid level of each aquaculture pond (5) is kept the same because the sewage outlet (6) is communicated with the sewage collection part (7); the pipe diameter of the sewage suction pipe (72) or the branch sewage pipe (73) is kept less than or equal to 10%; the length of the sewage suction pipe (72) or the branch sewage pipe (73) is kept less than or equal to 10%.
5. An energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that the disinfection zone (4) comprises a water storage channel (11) arranged between the plant purification zone (2) and the high water change rate aquaculture zone (3) and an ultraviolet sterilizer (12) arranged in the water storage channel (11), and the water storage channel (11) is provided with a water inlet (13) communicated with the plant purification zone (2).
6. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the filter-feeding variety is one or more than two of chubs, shellfishes and snails; the aquatic weeds are submerged plants.
7. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the water volume ratio of the purification aquaculture area (1) to the high water change rate aquaculture area (3) is not less than 2.
8. An energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3 the hydraulic retention time in the disinfection zone (4) is at least 1 minute.
9. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, the hydraulic retention time of the water flow discharged from the sewage collecting part (7) in the plant purification area (2) is not less than 3 hours.
10. The energy-saving pond recirculating aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein in the steps 1-3, the daily water change rate of the aquaculture area (3) with high water change rate and the purified aquaculture area (1) is not less than 15% according to the water body of the aquaculture pond (5).
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