CN110419400A - One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method - Google Patents

One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110419400A
CN110419400A CN201910802471.7A CN201910802471A CN110419400A CN 110419400 A CN110419400 A CN 110419400A CN 201910802471 A CN201910802471 A CN 201910802471A CN 110419400 A CN110419400 A CN 110419400A
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China
Prior art keywords
millet
season
rape
rain
dish
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李明哲
刘鹏程
郝洪波
李积铭
李爱国
崔海英
于国红
郭安强
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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Priority to CN201910802471.7A priority Critical patent/CN110419400A/en
Publication of CN110419400A publication Critical patent/CN110419400A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0262Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the suety dish of one season of one kind ecological green, a season millet rain to support implantation methods, it makes both millet, rape arrange in pairs or groups, and wherein rape can take advantage of rain and in the ranks sow in millet in August part~early September, May in the coming year harvests, and millet can be according to precipitation event, in mid-June~flexible arrangement mid-July sowing, so that millet growthdevelopmental stage matches with rainfall, make full use of natural precipitation, by scientific management, realize that the rain in the time of infertility supports plantation, to reduce the utilization to underground water.After millet maturation, harvested using combine, the height for the stubble left should be slightly above rape, while can shed by straw chopping and uniformly.And rape can realize that the phase of lying fallow is ornamental and culture fertility, and can pick and use as dish, crops for rotation match, and support plantation by rain, can reach the good plantation purpose of water-saving result.

Description

One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method
Technical field
Industry water-saving planting concerning farmers field of the invention, espespecially the suety dish of one season of one kind ecological green, one season millet rain support water-saving kind Plant method.
Background technique
State revenue in this year arranges 25.6 hundred million yuan of funds altogether, supports to carry out arable land crop rotation and lies fallow system pilot.Wheel is carried out to plough To lie fallow be to treasure, is protected farmland rationally using soil and conscientiously, is the fundamental state policy in China.Protect farmland have two it is basic Principle, first is that strictly protecting quantity;Second is that constantly promoting farmland quality.China has a large population and a few land, and land resource is in short supply, these Year, we have supported more than ten00000000 people with limited arable land, but have also paid very big cost, and quantity of cultivated land is reduced, soil fertility is seriously saturating The problems such as branch, soil erosion, groundwater mining, soil pollution aggravate, has become the conspicuous contradiction for restricting agricultural sustainable development. And carry out crop rotation and lie fallow system, be conducive to arable land rehabilitation and agricultural sustainable development.
It lies fallow pilot for this purpose, Heilonggang groundwater depression cone has carried out seasonality, carries out seasonality and lie fallow, i.e., " lying fallow in a season, a monsoon rain is supported ", will need the winter wheat of pumping irrigation to lie fallow, and only plants rain heat with the crop in season, reduces and use underground Water.But conventional mode of lying fallow is used, usually by after main crop harvest, the green manure crops such as eryuelan, Chinese milk vetch are planted, Groundwater abstraction does not pour, and does not harvest, and directly turns over green manure crop into field before second stubble crop plantation.However the two shortage is matched Close, plant opportunity there is also certain conflict, benefit be not it is obvious that peasant is caused to be reluctant that actively carrying out ecology lies fallow, thus It needs to provide a kind of crops for rotation to match, rain supports plantation, the good water-saving planting method of water-saving result.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, present invention is primarily aimed at provide a kind of crops for rotation and match, rain supports plantation, water-saving effect The good water-saving planting method of fruit.
To achieve the above object, invention provides one season of one kind suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain supports water-saving planting side Method, it includes steps:
1) it sows millet: according to practical precipitation event, selecting millet variety and adjusted between mid-June~mid-July Date of seeding, makes millet growthdevelopmental stage match with rainfall;
2) it plants rape: in August part~between early September according to practical soil moisture content, taking advantage of rain and in the ranks sowed in millet;
After millet maturation, harvested using combine, the height for the stubble left should be slightly above rape, while can be by straw chopping And it uniformly sheds.
Wherein, since weak winter habit rape late October can bloom, withered covering ground can be allowed to after frost, and strong winter habit is oily Dish is bloomed April in the coming year, and chopping is made green manure and turned over after spending May.Thus the rain that this method is able to achieve the time of infertility supports plantation, subtracts The utilization to underground water is lacked;Meanwhile it is flourishing by rape taproot, and millet fibrous root is flourishing, the two collocation can use difference The nutritional ingredient of depth of soil, and no longer crop is arranged in pairs or groups, and is played the role of the change of crops, can be reduced or alleviate millet continuous cropping to volume increase Adverse effect.
It is preferred that this method further includes seed treatment step:
Rape: rape seed Cotton seeds, the generation of prevention and control pest and disease damage;
Millet: selecting anti-Sethoxydin millet variety, carries out spare after pellet processing, and dosage=mu of granule seed stays seedling Number/(grain number/* bud rate * 0.8).
Wherein, millet variety selection method can be by following selection:
(1) when mid or late June precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, the millet variety of conventional breeding time is sowed in selection;It is optional Select weighing apparatus paddy No. 13.
(2) when early and middle ten days precipitation can meet soil moisture content and need July, precocious millet variety is sowed;May be selected weighing apparatus paddy No. 15 or Henan paddy 18.
(3) when late July precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, extremely early mature millet variety is sowed.Weighing apparatus paddy No. 12 may be selected.
Wherein, the plantation of the rape can take advantage of rain in the millet in the ranks weak winter habit rape of alternate row seeding and strong winter habit rape, row Away from 20cm;And weak winter habit rape is that Yu Shuanhou is allowed to withered covering ground, and strong winter habit rape is cut after in the coming year, May is spent The broken green manure that does turns over.
It if the previous year, sowed Brassica campestris L seedling amount was very few, can pour water at the beginning of 3 months, and broadcast sowing weak winter habit rape as making up, 5 Chopping is made green manure and is turned over after spending in month.
Wherein it is preferred that the sowing of the millet is to broadcast seeder using seed manure is same, and no-tillage seeding of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, line-spacing 50cm, Conventional variety density of reserved seedlings 40,000~50,000 plant/acre, and Early maturity kind weighing apparatus paddy No. 12 needs ten thousand plants/acre of 8-10, depth of planting 2- 3cm, application of phosphoric acid diammonium 15kg, fertilizer are applied in seed 5~7cm of side-lower with sowing, are suppressed immediately after broadcasting per acre, make grain and Soil comes into full contact with.
And it is further, it needs to carry out field management after plantation, millet emergence is checked after sowing 7 days, for lacking Seedling is serious to be reseeded, if Weed infestation is serious after 4 leaf phases, can spray 100 grams/acre of " Sethoxydin "+" dimethyl tetrachloride sodium " It is 90~150 grams/acre.And in 9~11 leaves of paddy seedling of the millet (at emergence 25 days or so), broadcast using seed manure is same Machine takes advantage of rain and imposes 10~15kg/ mus of urea, and is sowed while there is sufficient moisture in the soil simultaneously in the millet in the ranks weak winter habit rape of alternate row seeding and strong winter habit rape, Seed level 1-2cm, the amount of broadcasting are 1~1.5kg/ mus, line-spacing 20cm.
Preferably, the harvesting method of the millet are as follows:
After millet is mature, cut down in time with cutter-rower and in field natural drying, height for the stubble left 20-25cm, to reduce Operation to rape leaf simultaneously prevents lower part grain ear and ground face contact from promoting to support without sharp moisture loss, and after cutting by millet Divide reflux, promote millet after-ripening, improve the yield and quality, then matched gathering and threshing mill carries out threshing again, while millet Straw chopping is uniformly shed, for covering ground soil moisture conservation, inhibiting weed growth.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that:
1, plantation is supported by crops for rotation collocation and rain, water-saving result is good.
This method can be to concentrate on late July~early August spy by the 80% of the precipitation of the black underground Long Gang hopper zone Point, so that both millet, rape are arranged in pairs or groups, wherein rape can take advantage of rain and in the ranks sow in millet in August part~early September, the coming year 5 Month harvests, and millet can be according to precipitation event, in mid-June~flexible arrangement mid-July sowing, when so that millet giving birth to Phase matches with rainfall, makes full use of natural precipitation, and by scientific management, the rain that this method is able to achieve the time of infertility supports plantation, Reduce the utilization to underground water.
Meanwhile rape taproot is flourishing, and millet fibrous root is flourishing, the two collocation can use the nutrition of different soils depth at Point, and no longer crop is arranged in pairs or groups, and is played the role of the change of crops, can be reduced or alleviate millet continuous cropping to the adverse effect of volume increase.
2, ground mulching, can ecological pet, and culture fertility.
When millet harvests in the fall, rape can preferably cover ground, and millet stalk is covered in earth's surface after crushing in addition, Water consumpation can more be effectively reduced to scatter and disappear, and be conducive to turning green early for early spring in the coming year;Meanwhile because early spring it is windy and a little arid, gas Arid is waited, rape is turned green early to be conducive to keep soil moisture content and have certain ornamental effect, and soil fertility can be effectively improved after turning over.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail.
The suety dish of one season of one kind ecological green of the invention, a season millet rain support implantation methods, need according to different regions The millet variety and rape variety of rainwater distribution and practical precipitation event selection different growing, to reach optimum water conservation effect, In In this specific implementation, it is contemplated that the 80% of the precipitation of the black underground Long Gang hopper zone is to concentrate on mid-July~early August spy Point, the collocation of both present invention millet to be made, rape, wherein rape can take advantage of rain and in the ranks sow in millet in August part~early September, May in the coming year harvests, and millet can be according to precipitation event, in mid-June~flexible arrangement mid-July sowing, so that millet Growthdevelopmental stage matches with rainfall, makes full use of natural precipitation, by scientific management, realizes that the rain in the time of infertility supports plantation, with Reduce the utilization to underground water.
The present invention is mainly using strong winter habit and weak winter habit rape variety and anti-Sethoxydin millet variety, the setting of millet line-spacing For 50cm, rape drilling, line-spacing 20cm, two kinds of crops are to take advantage of rain plantation or in 1 water of critical period supplementary irrigation.The reality of this method Now mainly comprise the steps of:
1, seed treatment:
Rape: rape seed Cotton seeds, the generation of prevention and control pest and disease damage.
Millet: selecting anti-Sethoxydin millet variety, carries out spare after pellet processing, and dosage=mu of granule seed stays seedling Number/(grain number/* bud rate * 0.8).
2, seed is selected, the millet variety and rape variety of different growing are selected according to precipitation event.
Millet: can be according to practical precipitation event flexible choice kind, adjustment date of seeding.It is exemplified below:
(1) when mid or late June precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, the millet variety of conventional breeding time can be sowed.Such as Heng Gu No. 13.
(2) when early and middle ten days precipitation can meet soil moisture content and need July, precocious millet variety can be sowed.It such as weighs paddy No. 15 or Henan Paddy 18.
(3) when late July precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, extremely early mature millet variety can be sowed.It such as weighs paddy No. 12.
After millet maturation, combine harvest can be used, the height for the stubble left should be slightly above rape, while can cut stalk It is broken and uniformly shed.
Rape: it needs to select rape variety and date of seeding according to practical soil moisture content.
(1) plantation of rape is according to practical soil moisture content between mid-September early September-, and taking advantage of rain, in the ranks interlacing is broadcast in millet The weak winter habit rape of kind (Zhejiang oil series) and strong winter habit rape (weighing apparatus oil 6), line-spacing 20cm.
Wherein, weak winter habit rape late October can bloom, and be allowed to withered covering ground after frost, and the strong winter habit rape coming year April blooms, and chopping is made green manure and turned over after spending May.
(2) it if the previous year sowed Brassica campestris L seedling amount is very few, can pour water at the beginning of 3 months, and broadcast sowing weak winter habit rape as making up, Chopping is made green manure and is turned over after spending May.
3, millet is sowed
Seeder is broadcast using seed manure is same, no-tillage seeding of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, line-spacing 50cm, conventional variety density of reserved seedlings 40,000~50,000 plant/ Mu, but if being that Early maturity kind weighs paddy No. 12 and needs ten thousand plants/acre of 8-10, depth of planting 2-3cm, application of phosphoric acid diammonium per acre 15kg, fertilizer are applied in seed 5~7cm of side-lower with sowing, are suppressed immediately after broadcasting, and grain and soil are come into full contact with.
4, millet field management and rape seed
Sowing 7 days after check millet emergence, for be short of seedling it is serious reseed, if Weed infestation after 4 leaf phases Seriously, can spray 100 grams/acre of " Sethoxydin "+" dimethyl tetrachloride sodium " is 90~150 grams/acre.(the emergence 25 days of 9~11 leaves of paddy seedling Left and right) rain is taken advantage of using seed manure planter imposes 10~15kg/ mus of urea.And it is sowed while there is sufficient moisture in the soil simultaneously in the millet in the ranks weak winter habit of alternate row seeding Rape and strong winter habit rape, 1~2cm of seed level, the amount of broadcasting are 1~1.5kg/ mus, and line-spacing 20cm, the amount of broadcasting can not be too small, in order to avoid the later period Coverage effect is bad, and herbicide must be sprayed if weeds are more, before broadcasting and removes weeds completely.
Under normal circumstances, it can germinate within rape 3 days, most of after 5 days to emerge neatly, shade tolerance is preferable, good conditions for soil moisture In the case where, can cracking covering ground, inhibit the growth of weeds, the millet of sowing mid-July at this time height on the left side 50cm The right side is gradually increased the covering on ground, can also inhibit the growth of weeds, and a more nice and cool ring can be built for millet rape Border is conducive to the early growth of rape, and therefore, focus is the preventing and controlling of pest and disease damage, in addition to this no longer carries out field Operation.
4, millet harvests
After millet is mature, being cut down in time with cutter-rower and in field natural drying, height for the stubble left 20-25cm is unsuitable too low, It the purpose is to reduce the operation to rape leaf and prevents lower part grain ear and ground face contact without sharp moisture loss, is especially having drop In the case where water, it is easy moldy metamorphism.Nutrient can be promoted to flow back after cutting, promote millet after-ripening, improve the yield and quality, then Matched gathering and threshing mill carries out threshing again, while millet straw chopping is uniformly shed, for covering ground soil moisture conservation, inhibiting miscellaneous Grass growth.
5, rape winter, spring management
It has substantially been season in the beginning of autumn when rape autumn sowing, hereafter the growth of weeds obviously dies down, in addition the screening of millet early period Gear, the rape for keeping shade tolerance strong become dominant species, in spite of part weeds but it is often more short be not enough to constitute a threat to, paddy After son harvest, ground is unfavorable for the growth of weeds and is conducive to preserve soil moisture by millet improving straw mulching, general without management, Ke Yiren It grows naturally.Over time, roomy, the dark green leaf color that the blade of rape gradually becomes, robust growth are safe overwintering It lays a good foundation, can also preferably cover ground, reduction moisture content scatters and disappears and fugitive dust.
The rape florescence at the beginning of front and back to 5 months at the beginning of 4 months, during which blooms without cease, best-looking states can reach a month left side successively The right side, later period as the temperature rises, bloom bad, and insect pest increases, and start as a result, ornamental value reduction, should crush in time at this time It turns over, is conducive to millet and sows.
To sum up, the suety dish of season ecological green of the invention, a season millet rain support implantation methods, it can be achieved that the phase of lying fallow it is ornamental and Culture fertility, and can pick as dish use, and rainy season millet rain support can obtain preferable economic benefit, the present invention can realize whereby Crops for rotation match, and rain supports plantation, the good plantation purpose of water-saving result.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, although referring to above-described embodiment pair The present invention is described in detail, it should be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that still can be to of the invention specific Embodiment is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, It is intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. one season of one kind suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, which is characterized in that include step:
1) it sows millet: according to practical precipitation event, selecting millet variety and adjust date of seeding between mid-June~mid-July Millet growthdevelopmental stage is set to match with rainfall;
2) it plants rape: in August part~between early September according to practical soil moisture content, taking advantage of rain and in the ranks sowed in millet;
It after millet maturation, is harvested using combine, the height for the stubble left should be slightly above rape, while can be by straw chopping and equal It is even to shed.
2. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 1, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, millet variety selection method is as follows:
(1) when mid or late June precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, the millet variety of conventional breeding time is sowed in selection;
(2) when early and middle ten days precipitation can meet soil moisture content and need July, precocious millet variety is sowed;
(3) when late July precipitation, which can meet soil moisture content, to be needed, extremely early mature millet variety is sowed.
3. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 1, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, the plantation of the rape is to take advantage of rain in the millet in the ranks weak winter habit rape of alternate row seeding and strong winter habit rape, line-spacing 20cm;
Wherein, weak winter habit rape is that Yu Shuanhou is allowed to withered covering ground, and strong winter habit rape is shredded after in the coming year, May is spent Green manure is made to turn over.
4. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 2, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is: if the previous year sowed Brassica campestris L seedling amount is very few, pours water at the beginning of 3 months, and broadcasts sowing weak winter habit rape as making up, May Chopping is made green manure and is turned over after spending.
5. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 1, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, the sowing of the millet is to broadcast seeder using seed manure is same, no-tillage seeding of sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, line-spacing 50cm, and conventional variety stays Miao Mi 4~50,000 plants/acre of degree, and Early maturity kind weighs paddy No. 12 needs ten thousand plants/acre of 8-10, depth of planting 2-3cm, application of phosphoric acid two per acre Ammonium 15kg, fertilizer are applied in seed 5~7cm of side-lower with sowing, are suppressed immediately after broadcasting, and grain and soil are come into full contact with.
6. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 5, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, in 9~11 leaves of paddy seedling of the millet, takes advantage of rain using seed manure planter and impose 10~15kg/ mus of urea, and simultaneously Sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, in the ranks the weak winter habit rape of alternate row seeding and strong winter habit rape, seed level 1-2cm, the amount of broadcasting are 1~1.5kg/ mus in millet, line-spacing 20cm。
7. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 1, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, the harvesting method of the millet are as follows:
After millet is mature, cut down in time with cutter-rower and in field natural drying, height for the stubble left 20-25cm, to reduce to oil The operation of dish leaf piece simultaneously prevents lower part grain ear and ground face contact from nutrient being promoted to return without sharp moisture loss, and after cutting by millet Stream promotes millet after-ripening, improves the yield and quality, and then matched gathering and threshing mill carries out threshing again, while millet stalk Chopping is uniformly shed, for covering ground soil moisture conservation, inhibiting weed growth.
8. a kind of suety dish of season ecological green according to claim 1, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method, feature It is, the method further includes seed treatment steps:
Rape: rape seed Cotton seeds, the generation of prevention and control pest and disease damage;
Millet: selecting anti-Sethoxydin millet variety, carry out it is spare after pellet processing, dosage=mu of granule seed stay seedling number/ (grain number/* bud rate * 0.8).
CN201910802471.7A 2019-08-28 2019-08-28 One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method Pending CN110419400A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113575328A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-02 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 Millet-tinea capitis compound planting method

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CN104429488A (en) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-25 北京市农业技术推广站 Method for growing oil-bearing winter rape in Beijing area
CN105474905A (en) * 2014-09-16 2016-04-13 青岛诚一知识产权服务有限公司 Plantation method of organic millets
CN106900325A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-06-30 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Millet, eryuelan rain support few non-ploughing growing method for white
CN106941919A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-07-14 湖南省作物研究所 A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice
CN110150059A (en) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-23 王永伟 A method of plantation black Semen setariae

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105474905A (en) * 2014-09-16 2016-04-13 青岛诚一知识产权服务有限公司 Plantation method of organic millets
CN104429488A (en) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-25 北京市农业技术推广站 Method for growing oil-bearing winter rape in Beijing area
CN106900325A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-06-30 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Millet, eryuelan rain support few non-ploughing growing method for white
CN106941919A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-07-14 湖南省作物研究所 A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice
CN110150059A (en) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-23 王永伟 A method of plantation black Semen setariae

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113575328A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-02 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 Millet-tinea capitis compound planting method

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