CN110418916B - 真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃 - Google Patents

真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃 Download PDF

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CN110418916B
CN110418916B CN201780088244.1A CN201780088244A CN110418916B CN 110418916 B CN110418916 B CN 110418916B CN 201780088244 A CN201780088244 A CN 201780088244A CN 110418916 B CN110418916 B CN 110418916B
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plate
charged
insulator
vacuum heat
vacuum
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CN110418916A (zh
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宇都宫尚志
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Tangent Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃。真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃即使不设置芯材也能够维持真空层。在具备隔着作为真空层的间隙空间对置地设置的第一板(10)和第二板(20)的真空隔热件(1)或真空隔热玻璃(2)中，第一板(10)具有从外侧依次层叠的第一导电层(12)和第一带电绝缘体(13)，第二板(20)具有从外侧依次层叠的第二导电层(22)和带有与第一带电绝缘体(13)同种的电荷的第二带电绝缘体(23)，构成为，在第一带电绝缘体(13)与第二带电绝缘体(23)之间作用的作为库伦力的斥力与周围的大气压力平衡。

Description

真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及具备真空层的真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃。
背景技术
由于真空层会大幅减少热的对流以及传导，因此一直以来提供具备真空层的作为隔热材料的真空隔热件(真空隔热玻璃)，例如在下述专利文献1～3中公开有真空隔热件。
可是，由于形成真空层的部件被向使真空层压缩的方向施加大气压力，因此，为了维持真空层，需要在真空层内设置间隔件等芯材，来维持真空层不缩小。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平6-17579号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2004-323317号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2004-11705号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是，若在真空隔热件的真空层内设置芯材，则会经由芯材而导热，因此导致隔热性能下降。并且，有关设置于建筑物的窗户的透明的真空隔热玻璃，芯材妨碍视野，透过玻璃的视野或可见度受到阻碍。
本发明是鉴于这样的课题而完成的，其目的在于提供即使不设置芯材也能够维持真空层的真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃。
用于解决课题的手段
用于解决上述课题的本发明所涉及的真空隔热件或真空隔热玻璃的特征在于，所述真空隔热件或真空隔热玻璃具备隔着作为真空层的间隙空间对置地设置的第一板和第二板，所述第一板具有从外侧依次层叠的第一导电层和第一带电绝缘体，所述第二板具有从外侧依次层叠的第二导电层和第二带电绝缘体，所述第二带电绝缘体带有与所述第一带电绝缘体同种的电荷，在所述第一带电绝缘体的内侧表面和所述第二带电绝缘体的内侧表面上规则地排列有圆形、椭圆形或正多边形的带电区域，所述真空隔热件或真空隔热玻璃构成为，在所述第一带电绝缘体与所述第二带电绝缘体之间作用的作为库伦力的斥力与周围的大气压力平衡。
发明的效果
根据本发明所涉及的真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃，即使不设置芯材也能够维持真空层。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件的立体图。
图2是本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件的剖视图。
图3是示出本发明的第一实施方式所涉及的带电绝缘体的带电区域的图。
图4是本发明的第二实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃的立体图。
图5是本发明的第二实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃的剖视图。
具体实施方式
(第一实施方式)
以下，参照附图对本发明的第一实施方式进行说明。在第一实施方式中，对应用了本发明的真空隔热件进行说明。图1是第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件的立体图。图2是第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件的剖视图。图3是示出第一实施方式所涉及的带电绝缘体的带电区域的图。
真空隔热件1具备第一板10、第二板20以及将第一板10与第二板20以隔着密封的间隙空间对置的状态进行保持的导电性密封件30。
第一板10与第二板20之间的密封间隙空间是真空层，通过该真空层确保真空隔热件1的高隔热性能。在第一实施方式中，第一板10以及第二板20的互相面对的第一带电面13a以及第二带电面均带有同种的正电荷，作为库伦力的斥力沿着分离的方向作用于第一板10和第二板20。
大气压力沿着压缩真空层的方向、即、使第一板10和第二板20这两者靠近的方向作用于将真空层夹入的第一板10和第二板20，但是在本实施方式中，使作为该库伦力的斥力与设置有真空隔热件1的场所周围的大气压力平衡，由此维持真空隔热件1的结构。
第一板10具备从外侧依次层叠的第一基材11、第一导电层12以及第一带电绝缘体13，第一板10在整体上是挠性的板。第一基材11是柔性的树脂制的基板，例如可以使用尼龙6(聚酰胺)或聚酰亚胺的树脂。
第一导电层12是金属镀层，通过使用铝、铜等金属在第一基材11上实施镀膜处理而形成。
第一带电绝缘体13是通过使绝缘体的表面带电而形成的，在本实施方式中带有正电。具体地说，通过在第一导电层12上涂层二氧化硅，由此，首先形成绝缘层，使该绝缘层的内侧表面以2.5×10-3[C/m2]的表面电荷密度带电。
如图3所示，在第一带电绝缘体13的第一带电面13a，以规定的间距规则地排列有多个圆形的第一带电区域14。在对置地设置有相同地带电的无限平面的情况下，库伦力不依赖于平面板之间的间隙的长度，而是由表面电荷密度决定。
与此相对，如本实施方式，在第一带电面13a上规则地排列有圆形带电区域14的情况下，库伦力依赖于第一带电绝缘体13与第二带电绝缘体23之间的间隙的长度d，若间隙长度d发生变化，则作用于板10、20之间的斥力也发生变化。在本实施方式中，间隙长度d与斥力是当间隙长度d增加时斥力单调地减小的关系。
第二板20是与第一板10相同的结构，具备从外侧依次层叠的第二基材21、第二导电层22以及第二带电绝缘体23，第二板20在整体上是挠性的板。
导电性密封件30是挠性的密封件，在本实施方式中，与第一导电层12同样地，通过铜或铝等的金属镀膜而被施加导电性。导电性密封件30一边使第一带电绝缘体13与第二带电绝缘体23互相面对，一边隔着1mm的间隙将第一板10与第二板20对置地保持，并且密封该间隙空间。
导电性密封件30为了密封间隙空间而环绕设置于对置的第一板10以及第二板20的整个周缘，呈四边形框形状。由于导电性密封件30呈挠性，因此第一板10与第二板20能够相对地移动微小距离，间隙长度d可变。
并且，环绕板10、20的整个周缘设置的导电性密封件30与第一导电层12以及第二导电层22导电接触，通过第一导电层12、第二导电层22以及导电性密封件30构成中空导体，成为了在其中空部分对置地设置有第一带电绝缘体13和第二带电绝缘体23的结构。
这样，通过将带电绝缘体13、23配置于中空导体的中空部分，由此带电绝缘体13、23通过中空导体(导电层12、22以及导电性密封件30)而被静电屏蔽，由带电绝缘体13、23的电荷产生的电场的影响不会到达外部。另外，为了良好地实现静电屏蔽，优选在设置真空隔热件1时使导电性密封件30接地。
在此，对真空隔热件1的大小进行说明。第一基材11以及第二基材21的厚度是500μm，第一导电层12以及第二导电层22的厚度是20μm，第一带电绝缘体13以及第二带电绝缘体23的厚度是40μm，板10、20之间的间隙长度d是约1mm。其中，间隙长度d能够根据大气压力的变化而发生改变。并且，带电绝缘体13、23的带电区域14、24是直径为2mm的圆。
接着，对真空隔热件1的作用进行说明。在这样的结构的真空隔热件1中，在带有同种电荷(正)的第一板10与第二板20之间，斥力作为库伦力起作用。另一方面，在间隙空间是真空的第一板10与第二板20之间，大气压力向使它们紧密接触的方向起作用。
作用于板10、20的大气压力是约1kgf/cm2，与此相对，关于作为库伦力的斥力F，在假设是相同地带电的无限平面板(理想的平面带电体)时，该斥力由带电绝缘体13、23的表面电荷密度决定，且以F＝σ2/2ε0(σ：表面电荷密度、ε0：真空的介电常数)表示。
如上所述，在本实施方式中，若是σ＝2.5×10-3[C/m2]且为理想的平面带电体，则此时产生的斥力F成为1.44kgf/cm2。另一方面，在本实施方式中，由于带电区域是以规定的间距排列的圆形区域，因此斥力F比理想的平面带电体的情况(1.44kgf/cm2)小，当第一板10与第二板20之间的间隙长度d是1mm时，与大气压力相同，成为约1kgf/cm2左右的值。
当然，关于带电绝缘体13、23的表面电荷密度，能够适当地变更，但是，优选如本实施方式这样，以理想的平面带电体的情况下的斥力F比大气压力大40％程度以上的方式具有余量。
大气压力根据海拔和气候而发生变化。另一方面，通过使第一板10与第二板20之间的间隙长度d发生变化，或者使作为挠性的板的第一板10或第二板20向内侧或外侧挠曲，由此，在第一板10与第二板20之间作用的斥力F追随大气压力而与其平衡。
另外，将第一板10与第二板20对置地保持的导电性密封件30是挠性部件，通过使导电性密封件30变形，由此，能够使第一板10与第二板20之间的间隙长度d变化。
这样，在本实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件1中，在板10、20之间作用的斥力F根据大气压力的变化而改变，即使大气压力发生变化，通过真空隔热件1发生变形而使得斥力也发生变化，由此，也能够维持斥力F与大气压力之间的平衡状态，从而能够稳定地维持真空隔热件1的结构。
接下来，对真空隔热件1的制造方法进行说明。首先，使用铝、铜等金属在基材11、21上实施镀膜处理，形成导电层12、22。接下来，在导电层12、22上涂层作为绝缘体的二氧化硅，形成绝缘层，再使该绝缘层的上侧表面(内侧表面)以上述规定的电荷密度带上正电荷，由此形成带电绝缘体13、23。
在使绝缘层以规定的电荷密度带电时，只要在通过离子注入装置使绝缘层的整个表面以比规定的电荷密度高的电荷密度带电之后利用除电器除电至规定的电荷密度即可。在除电时，一边通过表面电位计等测量带电绝缘体13、23的表面电位，一边进行除电，由此能够控制电荷密度。
由此，制成从下方依次层叠有第一基材11、第一导电层12、第一带电绝缘体13的第一板10、和从下方依次层叠有第二基材21、第二导电层22、第二带电绝缘体23的第二板20。
接着，在使第一带电绝缘体13与第二带电绝缘体23互相面对并且隔着规定的间隙(d＝1mm)对置的状态下，贴合第一板10和第二板20。贴合是在真空腔室内进行的，利用导电性密封件30覆盖第一板10以及第二板20的周缘而密封间隙空间。通过以上工序，制造出密封间隙空间为真空状态的真空隔热件1。
当然，制造工序能够适当地变更，例如为了将间隙空间设成真空状态，也可以不是在真空腔室内进行贴合第一板10和第二板20的工序，而是在大气压力中贴合两个板10、20之后，一边设置导电性密封件30，一边进行间隙空间的抽真空。
以上，根据第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件1，在第一板10与第二板20之间具备真空层，能够抑制热的对流以及传导，发挥较高的隔热性能。
尤其是在本实施方式中，并非在真空隔热件1的间隙空间内设置间隔件等芯材，而是利用作为库伦力的斥力来维持真空层，能够实现简单的结构，并且不会经由芯材进行热传导，从而能够发挥较高的隔热性能。并且，由于未在真空层设置有芯材，还能够发挥较高的隔音性能。
并且，在真空隔热件1中，带电绝缘体13、23配置在由导电层12、22以及导电性密封件30构成的中空导体的中空部分中而被静电屏蔽，因此不会将电场的影响带到外部。
并且，通常，电荷容易移动，难以维持带电状态，但是在本实施方式中，由于带电绝缘体13、23的带电面13a、23a在真空层内设置在高电阻率的绝缘体上，因此电荷不会移动，能够稳定地维持带电状态。
另外，作为带电绝缘体13、23的绝缘材料，只要是具有高电阻率的材料，则能够适当地采用其他绝缘材料。在本实施方式中采用的二氧化硅(石英)的电阻率是约1016Ωm，为了稳定地维持带电状态，优选采用具有1015Ωm以上的电阻率的绝缘材料，例如能够采用聚乙烯等。
(第二实施方式)
接下来，对本发明的第二实施方式进行说明。在第二实施方式中，对将本发明应用于真空隔热玻璃的情况进行说明。图4是第二实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃的立体图。图5是第二实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃的剖视图。由于第二实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃2具有与上述第一实施方式所涉及的真空隔热件1相同的结构，因此省略说明相同的结构。
真空隔热玻璃2具有第一板40、第二板50以及将第一板40与第二板50以隔着密封的间隙空间对置的状态进行保持的导电性密封件60。
第一板40与第二板50之间的密封间隙空间是真空层，通过该真空层确保真空隔热玻璃2的隔热性。在第二实施方式中，第一板40以及第二板50的互相面对的面也均带有正电，作为库伦力的斥力沿着使它们分离的方向作用于第一板40和第二板50。与第一实施方式同样地，通过使该斥力与大气压力平衡，真空隔热玻璃2的结构被维持。
第一板40具有从外侧依次层叠的第一基材41、第一导电层42以及第一带电绝缘体43。第一基材41是透明的板玻璃，例如能够使用浮法玻璃。
第一导电层42是低辐射金属膜(Low-E金属膜)的导电层，以10nm的厚度形成在第一基材41上。Low-E金属膜例如是层叠银和对该银进行保护的氧化金属而成的多层膜结构。第一带电绝缘体43是与上述第一实施方式的第一带电绝缘体13相同的结构，与第一实施方式同样地形成有如图3所示的带电区域。
第二板50是与第一板40相同的结构，具备从外侧依次层叠的第二基材51、第二导电层52以及第二带电绝缘体53。导电性密封件60是与上述第一实施方式所涉及的导电性密封件30相同的结构。
在此，对真空隔热玻璃2的大小进行说明。作为板玻璃的第一基材41以及第二基材51的厚度是3mm，第一导电层42以及第二导电层52的厚度是10nm，第一带电绝缘体43以及第二带电绝缘体53的厚度是40μm，板40、50之间的间隙长度d是约1mm。其中，间隙长度d能够根据大气压力的变化而改变。
在这样的结构的真空隔热玻璃2中，能够起到与上述第一实施方式的真空隔热件1相同的作用效果，且通过作为库伦力的斥力维持了板40、50之间的真空间隙空间，因此能够提供无间隔件等芯材的真空隔热玻璃。
在使用于建筑物的窗户等的透明的窗玻璃中，若像以往的真空隔热玻璃那样设置有多个用于维持真空间隙空间的间隔件，则妨碍透过窗玻璃的视野，还有损美观，但是在本实施方式所涉及的真空隔热玻璃2中，不需要用于维持真空间隙空间的间隔件，不产生这样的问题。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明，但是本发明的实施方式并不限定于上述实施方式，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行各种各样的变形。例如，构成真空隔热件或真空隔热玻璃的各部件的形状以及大小、原料等能够适当地变更。
并且，带电绝缘体的带电方式、即带电区域的形状、大小、排列方式、排列间距等也能够适当地变更。但是，为了防止电荷偏倚，带电区域的形状优选为圆形、椭圆形或正多边形状。
并且，也可以使带电绝缘体带有负电。并且，关于带电方法，也并不限于离子注入，能够适当地采用摩擦带电、剥离带电、感应带电、分极、向绝缘体涂布带电体等其他带电方法。
并且，在上述实施方式中，通过板之间的间隙长度d的变化和挠曲，使斥力F以追随大气压力的变化的方式改变，但是可以构成为只通过板之间的间隙长度d的变化而改变斥力F，也可以构成为只通过板的挠曲而改变斥力F。
并且，在上述实施方式中，在基材上依次层叠有导电层和带电绝缘体，但是若使带电绝缘体兼有作为基材的功能，则也可以不另外设置基材。例如，若采用聚乙烯作为绝缘材料，使聚乙烯绝缘基板的内侧表面带电，并且在外侧表面形成金属镀层，则能够构成由导电层和兼作基材的带电绝缘体构成的真空隔热件。
标号说明
1：真空隔热件
10：第一板
11：第一基材
12：第一导电层
13：第一带电绝缘体
14：第一带电区域
20：第二板
21：第二基材
22：第二导电层
23：第二带电绝缘体
24：第二带电区域
30：导电性密封件
2：真空隔热玻璃
40：第一板
41：第一基材
42：第一导电层
43：第一带电绝缘体
50：第二板
51：第二基材
52：第二导电层
53：第二带电绝缘体
60：导电性密封件

Claims (4)

1.一种真空隔热件，其特征在于，
所述真空隔热件具备隔着作为真空层的间隙空间对置地设置的第一板和第二板，
所述第一板具有从外侧依次层叠的第一导电层和第一带电绝缘体，
所述第二板具有从外侧依次层叠的第二导电层和第二带电绝缘体，所述第二带电绝缘体带有与所述第一带电绝缘体同种的电荷，
在所述第一带电绝缘体的内侧表面和所述第二带电绝缘体的内侧表面上规则地排列有圆形、椭圆形或正多边形的带电区域，
所述真空隔热件构成为，在所述第一带电绝缘体与所述第二带电绝缘体之间作用的作为库伦力的斥力与周围的大气压力平衡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空隔热件，其特征在于，
所述第一板和所述第二板是挠性板，通过所述第一板和所述第二板向内侧或外侧挠曲而使得所述斥力发生变化。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空隔热件，其特征在于，
所述真空隔热件具备挠性的导电性密封件，所述导电性密封件将对置地设置的所述第一板和所述第二板的周缘部以对置的方式进行保持，从而密封所述间隙空间，
通过所述第一板与所述第二板之间的间隙的长度变化而使得所述斥力发生变化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的真空隔热件，其特征在于，
所述第一带电绝缘体和所述第二带电绝缘体被所述第一导电层、所述第二导电层以及所述导电性密封件静电屏蔽。
CN201780088244.1A 2017-01-10 2017-12-13 真空隔热件和真空隔热玻璃 Active CN110418916B (zh)

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