CN110418880B - 燃气轮机 - Google Patents
燃气轮机 Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 206010016754 Flashback Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
在使用脱硝催化剂和作为还原剂的氨对燃烧气体进行脱硝处理的燃气轮机(A)中,将氨与从压缩机(1)供给的冷却空气一起供给至暴露于比燃烧气体的温度分布中的平均值更高温的燃烧气体的涡轮叶片(3d,3e),使涡轮叶片(3d,3e)的温度降低。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及燃气轮机。
本申请主张基于2017年3月27日在日本申请的日本特愿2017-061213号的优先权,将其内容引用于此。
背景技术
专利文献1中公开了一种以氨作为燃料进行燃烧的燃烧装置和燃气轮机。即,该燃烧装置和燃气轮机通过使氨(燃料用氨)与天然气进行预混合后供给至燃烧器从而得到驱动涡轮机的燃烧废气,而且为了减少氮氧化物(NOx)而在燃烧器内的下游侧形成还原区域,该还原区域使用还原用氨将燃烧区域中产生的氮氧化物(NOx)还原。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2016-191507号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
燃烧废气(主流)介由涡形管或者过渡件等使燃烧废气的流向偏转的构件(偏转构件)而整流成环状流,并供给至由多个静叶片配置成圆环状的静叶片部和由多个动叶片配置成圆环状的动叶片部。即,在涡轮机中,介由偏转构件和静叶片部使燃烧废气(燃烧气体)作为驱动流体在动叶片部起作用,从而使与动叶片部连接的主轴旋转驱动。
这里,在偏转构件的入口处的燃烧气体的入口温度分布不均匀的情况下,配置成圆环状的多个静叶片和动叶片中的热应力变得不均匀。即,会对暴露于温度较高的燃烧气体的静叶片施加比暴露于温度较低的燃烧气体的静叶片更高的应力。另外,动叶片交替地暴露于温度较高的燃烧气体和温度较低的燃烧气体。因此,偏转构件的入口处的燃烧气体的温度不均匀会导致静叶片部和动叶片部的故障即燃气轮机的故障,因此需要校正。
本公开鉴于上述情况而作出,其目的在于提供一种使作用于多个静叶片和动叶片的燃烧气体的温度分布均匀化或者抑制温度不均的燃气轮机。
用于解决课题的方法
本公开的第1方式如下构成:在使用脱硝催化剂和作为还原剂的氨对燃烧气体进行脱硝处理的燃气轮机中,将上述氨与从压缩机供给的冷却空气一起供给至暴露于比上述燃烧气体的温度分布中的平均值更高温的上述燃烧气体的涡轮叶片,使上述涡轮叶片的温度降低。
本公开的第2方式如下构成:在上述第1方式中,供给至上述涡轮叶片的上述氨在上述涡轮叶片冷却后作为燃料供给至燃烧器。
本公开的第3方式如下构成:在上述第1方式中,供给至上述涡轮叶片的上述氨在上述涡轮叶片冷却后喷射到燃烧气体流路内,与上述燃烧气体混合后从涡轮机排出。
本公开的第4方式如下构成:在上述第1~第3的任一方式中,上述氨以液体状态供给至上述涡轮叶片。
本公开的第5方式如下构成:在上述第1~第4的任一方式中,上述氨与上述冷却空气预先混合后供给至上述涡轮叶片。
本公开的第6方式如下构成:在上述第1~第5的任一方式中,使上述氨至少作为燃料的一部分燃烧,以产生上述燃烧气体。
关于本公开的第7方式,在上述第1~第6的任一方式中,上述涡轮叶片在内部具有上述氨的流路。
关于本公开的第8方式,在上述第1~第7的任一方式中,上述涡轮叶片具有将上述氨从内部朝向外部排出的流路。
发明效果
根据本公开,能够提供一种使作用于多个静叶片和动叶片的燃烧气体的温度分布均匀化或者抑制温度不均的燃气轮机。
附图说明
图1是表示本公开的一个实施方式涉及的燃气轮机的整体构成的简图。
图2是表示本公开的一个实施方式中的涡轮机的详细构成的第1示意图。
图3是表示本公开的一个实施方式中的涡轮机的详细构成的第2示意图。
图4是表示本公开的一个实施方式涉及的燃气轮机的整体构成的简图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,对本公开的一个实施方式进行说明。
如图1所示,本实施方式涉及的燃气轮机A具备压缩机1、燃烧器2、涡轮机3、脱硝室4、罐5、泵6和气化器7。这样的燃气轮机A是发电机G的驱动源,通过使作为燃料的氨燃烧而产生旋转动力。
压缩机1为将从室外空气吸入的空气压缩至预定压力而生成压缩空气的多级式轴流压缩机。该压缩机1将上述压缩空气的一部分作为燃烧用空气供给至燃烧器2,另外将上述压缩空气的一部分作为冷却空气供给至涡轮机3。燃烧器2以从压缩机1供给的燃烧用空气作为氧化剂使从气化器7供给的气态氨燃烧,并将燃烧气体输出至涡轮机3。
涡轮机3为通过使用上述燃烧气体作为驱动气体从而产生旋转动力的多级式轴流涡轮机。如图所示,该涡轮机3与压缩机1和发电机G轴向连接,通过自身的旋转动力使压缩机1和发电机G旋转驱动。
如图2所示,该涡轮机3具备吸入口3a、涡形流路3b、多个静叶片3d和多个动叶片3e。需要说明的是,静叶片3d和动叶片3e为本公开中的涡轮叶片。吸入口3a是与燃烧器2连通并从燃烧器2吸入燃烧气体的开口。涡形流路3b与该吸入口3a连通,并将从吸入口3a吸入的燃烧气体整流成环状流S。
多个静叶片3d为在涡形流路3b的中心侧排列成圆环状的初级固定叶片,构成了静叶片部。多个动叶片3e为相对于这样的多个静叶片3d配置在纸背面侧的初级可动叶片,构成了动叶片部。多个动叶片3e与多个静叶片3d同样地相对于位于涡形流路3b的中心的旋转轴J而排列成圆环状。这样的静叶片部与动叶片部在旋转轴J的延伸方向(纸面垂直方向)交替地配置有多级。
在这样的多个静叶片3d和动叶片3e中,图2的符号H表示流入比燃烧气体的温度分布中的平均值更高温的燃烧气体的高温区域。即,流入至吸入口3a的燃烧气体的温度分布不均匀,由于图2中的左侧比右侧的温度高的关系,位于高温区域H的静叶片3d暴露于比平均温度高的温度的燃烧气体。
这里,如图3所示,压缩机1朝涡轮机3输出的冷却空气(压缩空气)介由分支流路3f分配并供给至涡轮机3的各静叶片3d。另外,对于向各静叶片3d中的位于上述高温区域H的静叶片3d供给冷却空气的分支流路3f,如图所示,供给液态氨。即,向位于高温区域H的静叶片3d供给冷却空气的分支流路3f为液态氨的流路,液态氨在设置于各静叶片3d的前段的分支流路3f内与冷却空气(压缩空气)预混合后供给至各静叶片3d。这里,将与液态氨预混合的冷却空气称为预混合冷却空气。
由于冷却空气分配供给至各静叶片3d,因此使各静叶片3d大致均匀地冷却,液态氨作为从内侧仅冷却位于高温区域H的静叶片3d的冷却剂起作用。另外,在各静叶片3d中形成有多个用于冷却表面膜的孔(膜冷却孔)。供给至静叶片3d的冷却空气和液态氨的一部分介由上述膜冷却孔而从静叶片3d的内部向表面侧泄漏从而也从表面冷却静叶片3d。
其结果,各静叶片3d的表面通过冷却空气被大致均匀地冷却,另外位于高温区域H的静叶片3d的表面通过液态氨而进一步被冷却。进一步,静叶片3d表面的液态氨利用燃烧气体的热进行气化而成为气态氨,从表面冷却位于后段的动叶片3e。即,通过高温区域H的动叶片3e通过液态氨被有效地冷却。即,各静叶片3d具有将液态氨从内部向外部排出的膜冷却孔(流路),在表面上形成比燃烧气体更低温的气态氨层(气体层)。
这样的涡轮机3将动力回收后的燃烧气体向脱硝室4排出。从该涡轮机3排出至脱硝室4的燃烧气体中包含源自喷射到上述分支流路3f内的液态氨的气态氨。脱硝室4在内部填充有脱硝催化剂,并通过以上述气态氨作为还原剂对燃烧气体所含的氮氧化物(NOx)进行脱硝处理从而还原为氮气(N2)。
罐5为储存预定量的液态氨的燃料罐,将液态氨供给至泵6。泵6为将从罐5供给的液态氨加压至预定压力后供给至气化器7和涡轮机3的泵。气化器7通过使从泵6供给的液态氨气化从而生成气态氨。该气化器7将气态氨作为燃料(燃料用氨)供给至燃烧器2。
接着,对本实施方式涉及的燃气轮机A的操作(常规操作)进行详细说明。
在该燃气轮机A中,通过操作泵6而将液态氨从罐5供给至气化器7和涡轮机3。在气化器7中,上述液态氨气化而生成气态氨(燃料用氨),在涡轮机3中,液态氨与从压缩机1供给的冷却空气混合。然后,由气化器7产生的气态氨(燃料用氨)被供给至燃烧器2。
另一方面,通过操作压缩机1而将压缩空气作为燃烧用空气供给至燃烧器2。在燃烧器2中,通过以从压缩机1供给的燃烧用空气作为氧化剂使从气化器7供给的气态氨(燃料用氨)燃烧,从而产生燃烧气体。然后,该燃烧气体在涡轮机3中作为驱动气体起作用,从而涡轮机3产生驱动压缩机1和发电机G的旋转动力。
这里,进一步说明涡轮机3的详细操作,在涡轮机3中,从燃烧器2供给的燃烧气体从吸入口3a流入至涡形流路3b从而形成环状流S。然后,这样的燃烧气体在涡形流路3b的内侧配置成圆环状的多个静叶片3d之间通过,并喷射到与多个静叶片3d邻接且配置成相同圆环状的多个动叶片3e,从而使旋转轴J产生旋转动力。
即,燃烧气体进入在配置成圆环状的多个静叶片3d之间以放射状形成的多个间隙,在多级设置的多个静叶片3d与多个静叶片3d之间通过时,使旋转轴J产生旋转动力。并且,由于多个静叶片3d为固定叶片,因此暴露于与吸入口3a处的燃烧气体的温度分布相符的温度环境。
例如,从燃烧器2流入至吸入口3a的燃烧气体中,在相当于涡形流路3b的内侧的区域的燃烧气体的温度高于其他区域的燃烧气体的温度的情况下,如图2所示,在涡形流路3b的内侧且入口附近会产生高温区域H。并且,位于该高温区域H的静叶片3d暴露于比其他静叶片3d更高的温度。另外,旋转的多个动叶片3e交替地暴露于温度较高的燃烧气体与温度较低的燃烧气体中。
这样的高温区域H能够通过预先测量吸入口3a处的燃烧气体的温度分布来确定其位置。在本实施方式的涡轮机3中,通过预先测量燃烧气体的温度分布来确定高温区域H,作为其结果,向将冷却空气供给至暴露于高温区域H的静叶片3d的分支流路3f选择性供给液态氨。并且,由于该液态氨,从而使高温区域H的静叶片3d的冷却能力与其他静叶片3d的冷却能力相比提高。
并且,在设置于这样的涡轮机3的后段的脱硝室4中,预混合冷却空气所含的气态氨作为还原剂起作用,从而对燃烧气体中所含的氮氧化物(NOx)进行脱硝处理。即,对暴露于高温区域H的静叶片3d的冷却有贡献的气态氨在脱硝室4中作为还原剂起作用,用于氮氧化物(NOx)的脱硝处理。
根据这样的本实施方式涉及的燃气轮机A,能够使作用于多个静叶片3d和动叶片3e的燃烧气体的温度分布均匀化或者抑制温度不均。另外,作为其结果,能够抑制涡轮机3的寿命降低。
这里,关于上述预混合冷却空气,使从压缩机1输出的冷却空气与从泵6供给的液态氨混合而成。众所周知,氨的比热为3.0kJ/(K·kg),与此相对空气的比热为1.1kJ/(K·kg)。氨的比热远大于空气的比热,因此在接收相同能量的情况下,预混合冷却空气与单一冷却空气相比冷却能力不易降低。
从压缩机1供给至涡轮机3的冷却空气为压缩空气,因此温度高于常温,但与此相对,液态氨的温度远低于冷却空气。也就是说,由于预混合冷却空气的温度低于单一冷却空气的温度,因此通过使液态氨与冷却空气混合,能够提高涡轮机3的冷却效率。
例如,在将大气温度设为15℃、冷却空气的压力设为12气压的情况下,冷却空气的温度为390℃左右,但液态氨即使加压至例如20气压也为100℃以下。因此,通过使液态氨与冷却空气混合,能够确实地提高涡轮机3的冷却效率。
在本实施方式涉及的燃气轮机A中,通过使冷却空气与从泵6输出的液态氨而不是从气化器7输出的气态氨混合,从而制成预混合冷却空气。即,在该燃气轮机A中,使液态氨与冷却空气混合,并利用蒸发时的气化热将冷却空气冷却。因此,在该燃气轮机A中,由于采用了使液态氨与冷却空气混合而成的预混合冷却空气,因此与使气态氨与冷却空气混合的情况相比,能够有效地冷却高温区域H的静叶片3d。
进一步,虽然预混合冷却空气存在反燃的风险,但由于氨的燃烧速度与一般的烃系燃料例如天然气相比燃烧速度慢,因此反燃的风险极小。
需要说明的是,本公开不限于上述实施方式,例如可考虑如下变形例。
(1)在上述实施方式中,将预混合冷却空气喷射到设置于燃烧气体较高温的区域(高温区域H)的静叶片3d,但本公开不限于此。也可以根据需要将预混合冷却空气单独地喷射到任意的静叶片3d。
(2)在上述实施方式中,使液态氨与冷却空气混合而生成预混合冷却空气,但本公开不限于此。也可以根据需要使气态氨与冷却空气混合而生成预混合冷却空气。
(3)在上述实施方式中,对以气态氨作为燃料的燃气轮机A进行了说明,但本公开不限于此。也可以将除气态氨以外的烃作为燃料、或者将烃与氨作为燃料。
(4)在上述实施方式中,将液态氨喷射到分支流路3f内,但由于氨对金属具有腐蚀性,因此在分支流路3f之后的燃烧气体的流路中优选使用对氨具有耐腐蚀性的金属材料。
另外,对即使使用预混合冷却空气,反燃的风险也极小的主旨进行了说明,但也可以根据需要在涡形流路3b内设置反燃检测用的传感器(温度计)。
(5)在上述实施方式中,将涡轮机3中动力回收后的燃烧气体向脱硝室4排出,但如图4所示,也可以将涡轮机3中动力回收后的燃烧气体的一部分供给至燃烧器2。通过如此操作,能够将燃烧气体所含的气态氨作为燃料用氨再利用。
产业上的可利用性
根据基于本公开的燃气轮机,能够使作用于多个静叶片和动叶片的燃烧气体的温度分布均匀化或者抑制温度不均。
符号说明
H:高温区域;S:环状流;1:压缩机;2:燃烧器;3:涡轮机;3a:吸入口;3b:涡形流路;3d:静叶片(涡轮叶片);3e:动叶片(涡轮叶片);3f:分支流路;4:脱硝室;5:罐;6:泵;7:气化器。
Claims (7)
1.一种燃气轮机,其为使用脱硝催化剂和作为还原剂的氨对燃烧气体进行脱硝处理的燃气轮机,
其具备涡轮机和压缩机,所述涡轮机具备能够测量所述燃烧气体的温度分布的吸入口、和与分支流路连通的多个静叶片,所述压缩机以向多个所述分支流路供给冷却空气的方式构成,
所述燃气轮机如下构成:
基于所述吸入口处的所述燃烧气体的温度分布的测量结果,将液态的所述氨与所述冷却空气一起选择性供给至与暴露于比所述燃烧气体的所述温度分布的平均值更高温的所述燃烧气体的所述多个静叶片的一部分连通的一部分所述分支流路,从而使所述一部分的所述静叶片的冷却能力与其他的所述静叶片的冷却能力相比提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,如下构成:供给至所述静叶片的所述液态的所述氨在所述静叶片冷却后作为燃料供给至燃烧器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机,如下构成:供给至所述静叶片的所述液态的所述氨在所述静叶片冷却后喷射到燃烧气体流路内,与所述燃烧气体混合后从涡轮机排出。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的燃气轮机,如下构成:所述液态的所述氨与所述冷却空气预先混合后供给至所述静叶片。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的燃气轮机,如下构成:使所述液态的所述氨至少作为燃料的一部分进行燃烧,以产生所述燃烧气体。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的燃气轮机,所述静叶片在内部具有所述液态的所述氨的流路。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的燃气轮机,所述静叶片具有将所述液态的所述氨从内部向外部排出的流路。
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2017
- 2017-03-27 JP JP2017061213A patent/JP6880902B2/ja active Active
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2018
- 2018-03-20 CN CN201880016936.XA patent/CN110418880B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-20 KR KR1020197028356A patent/KR20190116522A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-20 AU AU2018245143A patent/AU2018245143B2/en active Active
- 2018-03-20 EP EP18776659.7A patent/EP3604770B1/en active Active
- 2018-03-20 WO PCT/JP2018/011058 patent/WO2018180781A1/ja unknown
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2019
- 2019-09-18 US US16/574,777 patent/US11141695B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2018180781A1 (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
CN110418880A (zh) | 2019-11-05 |
AU2018245143A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
EP3604770A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
JP2018162759A (ja) | 2018-10-18 |
AU2018245143B2 (en) | 2020-11-12 |
JP6880902B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
US11141695B2 (en) | 2021-10-12 |
EP3604770B1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
EP3604770A4 (en) | 2020-12-16 |
KR20190116522A (ko) | 2019-10-14 |
US20200023315A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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