CN110412204B - Visualization method for simulating influence of multi-stage oil filling on carbonate cementation - Google Patents
Visualization method for simulating influence of multi-stage oil filling on carbonate cementation Download PDFInfo
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007794 visualization technique Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
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- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多期石油充注对碳酸盐胶结作用影响的可视化物理模拟实验方法，使用了一种高度可视化的微观渗流玻璃板刻蚀装置，使用浓度为1mol/L的氯化钙溶液及浓度为0.5mol/L的碳酸钠溶液进行方解石胶结实验，以不同颜色的染色油进行不同期的石油充注试验。与现有技术相比，本发明利用微观玻璃板刻蚀模型开展多期石油充注对碳酸盐胶结作用影响的物理模拟实验并利用显微镜及录像系统对实验现象进行记录，实验过程的可视性强；本发明合成的方解石胶结物具有强附着性；本发明的多期石油充注与多期碳酸盐胶结作用交替进行的实验方法与深层碎屑岩储层中石油充注及碳酸盐胶结作用的多期次性及交替进行的特征相符。
The invention relates to a visual physical simulation experiment method for the influence of multi-stage petroleum charging on carbonate cementation. A highly visual microscopic seepage glass plate etching device is used, and a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is used. and sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 0.5mol/L to carry out calcite cementation experiments, and to carry out different periods of petroleum filling experiments with dyeing oils of different colors. Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses a microscopic glass plate etching model to carry out a physical simulation experiment of the effect of multi-stage oil filling on carbonate cementation, and uses a microscope and a video recording system to record the experimental phenomenon, and the experimental process can be visualized. The calcite cement synthesized in the present invention has strong adhesion; the experimental method of alternately performing multi-stage oil filling and multi-stage carbonate cementation of the present invention is related to oil filling and carbonate cementation in deep clastic rock reservoirs. The multi-stage and alternating characteristics of cementation are consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a visualization method for simulating influence of multi-stage petroleum filling on carbonate cementation.
Background
With the increasing degree of oil and gas exploration and the increasing demand for oil and gas resources, deep oil and gas reservoirs gradually become an important successor field for oil and gas exploration. The effect of oil charge on cementation is one of the major factors controlling the formation of high quality reservoirs in deep clastic rock. Therefore, the mechanism of the influence of oil charge on cementing has become a research hotspot in the field of oil and gas exploration and is generally concerned by numerous scholars.
Under the conditions in which cementation occurs after oil filling, there are mainly 2 following perspectives on the effect of oil filling on cementation: (1) the filling of oil will effectively inhibit the progress of cementation. Some researchers believe that the phenomena that the physical properties in the oil layer are superior to those in the water layer, the content of the cement in the oil layer is less than that in the water layer, the formation temperature of the cement in the oil layer is lower than that in the water layer, the cementation rate in the oil layer is slower than that in the water layer and the duration is shorter, the cement in the oil layer is formed in the formation fluid at the early diagenesis stage, and the cement in the water layer is formed in the formation fluid at the late diagenesis stage indicate that the filling of the oil can inhibit the continuous progress of the cementation; (2) the filling of oil has little or no effect on the cementing action. Some researchers think that physical properties and cement content in an oil layer and a water layer have no obvious difference, the formation temperature of the cement in the oil-water layer is similar, a large amount of oil inclusion bodies can be seen in the cement, and the like indicate that the filling of oil has little or no influence on the cementing action. However, the research on the influence of oil filling on cementation is focused on theoretical analysis and indirect evidence, and an intuitive and powerful microscopic physical simulation experiment is lacked to demonstrate.
The predecessors conducted physical simulation experiments to explore whether cementation continued to occur after oil filling. Ice and quartz crystals are used as matrix minerals, and calcium carbonate powder and silica gel are used as the source materials of calcite cement and quartz cement. Putting the matrix minerals and the source supplying materials into a closed reaction kettle, and performing a cementation experiment of calcite and quartz by adopting different oil-water ratios. Experimental results show that under the conditions of different oil-water ratios, petroleum inclusion can be generated, and the cementation of calcite and quartz can be continued. However, the whole experimental process cannot be visualized, so that the position where the cementation occurs cannot be proved, that is, whether the cementation is performed at the oil-filled position or the water-filled position or both the oil-filled position and the water-filled position cannot be determined through a visualization experiment. The experimental results still do not provide strong evidence for the mechanism of influence of oil filling on cementing.
Carbonate cements, which are typically oil-wet minerals, develop ubiquitously in deep hydrocarbon reservoirs and tend to have characteristics of alternating periods of oil filling and carbonate cementing in deep clastic reservoirs. The heterogeneity of the pore throat structure and the wetting heterogeneity in the oil-gas reservoir can cause the heterogeneous distribution of oil and water. Is early oil filling affected early carbonate cementation after early oil filling in the presence of heterogeneous oil-water distribution? In addition, wetting the carbonate cement with early-filled oil and early-oil will affect the wettability characteristics of the reservoir, and whether this change in wettability characteristics will further control the migration and aggregation process of late-phase oil, so that the distribution characteristics of oil and water change after the end of the late-phase oil filling process, and ultimately affect late-phase carbonate cementation? These are also key scientific issues to be addressed in the study of the mechanism of influence of multi-phase oil charges on carbonate cementation.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a visual physical simulation experiment method for the influence of multi-phase oil charge on the cementation of carbonate, and the visual microscopic physical simulation experiment is used for determining the influence of the multi-phase oil charge on the cementation of carbonate in the pore throat space, laying a foundation for the research on the influence mechanism of the multi-phase oil charge on the cementation of carbonate, and promoting the improvement of the basic theory of the influence of the oil charge on the cementation and the determination of the cause mechanism of deep high-quality reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems and aims at establishing a visualization method for simulating the influence of multi-stage oil filling on carbonate cementation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the first step is as follows: design and manufacture of microscopic glass plate etching model
As a highly visual microscopic seepage experiment device, a 2-D microscopic glass plate etching model is considered as an effective experiment device for observing and recording the petroleum transportation and accumulation process and the carbonate cementation process. The experiment designs and manufactures a microscopic glass plate etching model with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet which can be observed under a microscope, the structure is shown as figure 1, a white part in the device displays that the part is an etching channel, and the migration of the fluid can occur; the black part shows that the part is filled with glass, the migration of fluid cannot occur, and the sizes of pore throat spaces have difference; d-the diameter of the etched particle; d1, d2, d3, d 4-different widths of the etch throat.
The model should strictly maintain the water wetting characteristics. The pore throat space of the microscopic glass plate etching model is designed by taking the pore throat size characteristics of the reservoir to be researched as a standard, and the size of the pore throat space has certain difference. During the oil filling process, the pore throat spaces with different sizes are beneficial to the phenomenon of oil-water heterogeneous distribution, namely, part of pores are filled with oil, and part of pores are still filled with a large amount of aqueous solution.
As shown in fig. 1, the highly visualized micro-seepage glass plate etching device is provided with a fluid injection port, a throat channel and a fluid outflow port;
a buffering oil collecting groove is arranged between the fluid injection port and the throat channel, and the fluid injection port is communicated with the buffering oil collecting groove through a pipeline;
the throat channel is sized to the pore throat size characteristics of the reservoir under study and is sized differently.
The second step is that: preparation of experimental solution and dyeing of experimental oil
(1) Analytically pure calcium chloride powder and sodium carbonate powder are used as solutes, and deionized water is used as a solvent. A balance and a graduated cylinder are used for measuring the mass and the volume of the solute and the solvent, and a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 1mol/L and a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L are respectively prepared at room temperature to prepare an experiment.
(2) The experimental oil selection study area studies the crude oil in the actual reservoir of the horizon. And dyeing the experimental oil by using oil red and oil blue dyeing agents. And (3) dripping the dyed experimental oil on a glass slide, and observing the dyeing degree by using a microscope, wherein the dyeing degree is based on the principle that the experimental oil dyed under the microscope can be clearly observed. Crude oil dyed by oil red is hereinafter referred to as "red oil", and crude oil dyed by oil blue is hereinafter referred to as "blue oil".
The third step: carry out the first phase oil filling experiment
First, a glass plate etching model was filled with a calcium chloride solution having a concentration of 1mol/L at a constant flow rate of 20 to 50mL/min using a multichannel flow peristaltic pump of the type Longer-LEAD-2. And filling oil red dyeing experimental oil into the glass model at a constant flow of 0.5 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longer-LSP01-2A laboratory, and stopping filling after the oil red dyeing experimental oil flows out from a fluid outlet of the glass plate etching model and a migration path is stable.
The fourth step: carrying out the first stage calcite cementation experiment
Through a fluid injection port of the microscopic glass plate etching model, a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L is filled into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow of 0.2 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longer-LSP01-2A laboratory, and calcite cement is gradually precipitated. The precipitation process of the calcite cement was recorded using a zeiss Axioscope a1 apol digital transreflective microscope and video recording device, which identified the location of the growth of the calcite cement at the early stage, i.e. whether the carbonate cementation was carried out in oil-filled pores or water-filled pores, or both.
The fifth step: developing second phase oil filling experiment
After the phenomenon of the cementing action of the calcite is recorded, oil blue dyed experimental oil is filled into a microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow of 0.3 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longger-LSP 01-2A laboratory, and the filling process of the oil blue dyed experimental oil is recorded by using a Zeiss Axioscope A1 APOL. Observing and recording the transit process of the experimental oil with oil red dyeing, the pores with the existence of calcite cement in the first period and the experimental oil with oil blue dyeing in the pores only filled with the aqueous solution, and stopping filling after the experimental oil with oil blue dyeing flows out from the fluid outlet of the glass plate etching model and the transit path is stable.
And a sixth step: carrying out second stage calcite cementation experiment
Through a fluid injection port of the microscopic glass plate etching model, a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L is filled into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow of 0.2 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longer-LSP01-2A laboratory, and calcite cement is gradually precipitated. The deposition process of the calcite cement was videotaped using a zeiss Axioscope a1 apol digital transreflective microscope and videotaping device to determine the position of the later stage calcite cement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the microscopic glass plate etching model to develop a physical simulation experiment of the influence of multi-stage oil filling on the carbonate cementation and utilizes the microscope and the video recording system to record the experiment phenomenon, and the visibility of the experiment process is strong. In the experimentation, can clearly observe and record in the pore throat space in the microscopic glass board sculpture model, the position that calcite cementing action takes place after the oil filling process, the overall process that calcite cement grows and the fortune of first phase oil filling and second phase oil after the first phase calcite cementing action process finishes gathers the process. The experimental result intuitively reflects the influence of the multi-stage oil filling in the microscopic pore space on the carbonate cementation, and can be used for analyzing and discussing the influence mechanism of the multi-stage oil filling on the carbonate cementation.
(2) The synthesized calcite cement has strong adhesiveness, namely the generated calcite cement can not generate displacement along with the flow of fluid in an experimental device, so that a physical simulation experiment of the influence of multi-stage oil filling on the cementing action in a microscopic glass plate etching model can be smoothly carried out.
(3) The experimental method for alternately performing the multi-stage oil filling and the multi-stage carbonate cementation conforms to the characteristics of the multi-stage performance and the alternate performance of the oil filling and the carbonate cementation in the deep clastic rock reservoir, and the experimental result can explain the influence of the oil filling in the deep clastic rock reservoir on the carbonate cementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic glass plate etching model used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic glass plate etching model used in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the distribution characteristics of oil, water and calcite cement in the pore space of the first stage of calcite cementation process (204 min. 28 sec.) at the start of video recording (0 sec.) and after the end of video recording (204 min. 28 sec.) in the selected field of view according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the video recording time points at different positions of the view field 1 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the video recording at different recording times in view 2 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the video recording time points at different positions of the viewing area 3 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a macroscopic distribution characteristic of the red oil in the device after the red oil filling process;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the distribution characteristics of red oil and calcite cement in different pore spaces of a microscopic glass sheet etching model after the first stage of calcite cementation was completed;
1-6 correspond to views 1-6 in FIG. 8, where the previous picture in each view is a single polarization feature and the next picture is an orthogonal feature; 1. calcite at a macroscopic oil-water interface develops in water films on the surfaces of etched particles and residual pore water; 2. the water-containing parts on two sides of the macroscopic oil-water interface are largely cemented by calcite, the oil-containing parts are not obviously cemented by calcite, and the boundary is obvious; 3. the water-containing parts on two sides of the macroscopic oil-water interface are cemented by a large amount of calcite, the oil-containing parts are not cemented by obvious calcite, the boundary is obvious, and a yellow dotted line is a macroscopic oil-water boundary; 4. a small amount of calcite cement develops in the water film on the surface of the oil-containing partially etched particles; 5. the aqueous portion is a mass of calcite cement; a mass of calcite cement in the 6.50 μm aqueous pores; the upper right corner of the picture is yellow thick arrow indicating the outlet direction of the device;
fig. 9 is a macroscopic distribution characteristic of red oil and blue oil in the device after the end of the first stage calcite cementation process and the blue oil filling process;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the distribution characteristics of blue oil and calcite cement in different pore spaces of a microscopic glass plate etching model after the blue oil filling process is completed;
1-6 correspond to views 1-6 of FIG. 10, where the previous picture in each view is a single polarization feature and the next picture is an orthogonal feature; 1. after the first stage of calcite cementation is finished, the water-containing pores formed by a large amount of calcite cement are subjected to breakthrough of blue oil in the blue oil filling process and further migration of the blue oil in the pores; 2. after the first stage of calcite cementation is finished, the water-containing pores formed by a large amount of calcite cement are subjected to breakthrough of blue oil in the blue oil filling process and further migration of the blue oil in the pores; 3-4. the blue oil bursts and undergoes further migration into the pores with calcite cement beyond the macroscopic oil-water interface of the first stage red oil; 5-6. when no calcite is cemented in the water-containing pores immediately adjacent to the macroscopic oil-water interface of the first stage red oil, the blue oil cannot break through the pores and can only migrate further along the red oil migration path. The yellow dotted line is the macroscopic oil-water interface of the first stage red oil; the upper right corner of the picture is yellow thick arrow indicating the outlet direction of the device;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the distribution of oil, water and late calcite cement in pore space at the beginning (0 sec) and at the end (144 min 06 sec) of a second stage of calcite cementation in the selected field of view in accordance with the example;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged image (-) of the video recording time points at different positions of the field of view 1 in FIG. 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments.
Example 1
The technical scheme of the invention is illustrated by a physical simulation experiment of 'first-stage petroleum filling-first-stage carbonate cementation-second-stage petroleum filling-second-stage carbonate cementation'.
The first step is as follows: design and manufacture of microscopic glass plate etching model
The size of the highly visualized microscopic seepage glass plate etching device used in this embodiment is 6.3cm × 5cm, and other sizes are as shown in fig. 2, the model is provided with a buffer oil collecting tank 4, a 200 μm throat channel area 7, a 50 μm throat channel area 6, a differential pore throat junction 5, and a multi-size throat channel area in sequence from a fluid inlet 1 to a fluid outlet 2;
the multi-size throat channel area comprises a 50-micron throat channel area 6, a 200-micron throat channel area 7, a 50-micron throat channel area 6, a 100-micron throat channel area 8, a 50-micron throat channel area 6, a 150-micron throat channel area 9 and a 50-micron throat channel area 6 from left to right in sequence. The left and right positional relationships referred to herein refer to the left and right of fig. 2. The size D of the etched particles was 500 μm, the etching depth of the orifice throat was 30 μm, and the etching widths of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet were 200 μm.
The microscopic glass plate etching model in this experiment was strictly water-wet.
The second step is that: preparation of experimental solution and dyeing of experimental oil
(1) Analytically pure calcium chloride powder and sodium carbonate powder are used as solutes, and deionized water is used as a solvent. 11.1g of calcium chloride powder and 5.6g of sodium carbonate powder are weighed by an electronic balance. 100mL of deionized water was taken in each of the cylinders. A calcium chloride solution having a concentration of 1mol/L and a sodium carbonate solution having a concentration of 0.5mol/L were prepared at room temperature, respectively, to prepare experiments.
(2) In the experiment, crude oil of the sand fourth inferior segment in a certain region of the Dongying valley is used as experimental oil, and crude oil is dyed by oil red and oil blue dyeing agents. The stained crude oil was dropped on a glass slide and it was visibly stained red and blue under a microscope.
The third step: carry out the first phase oil filling experiment
The experiments were all performed at room temperature. First, a microscopic glass plate etching model was filled with a calcium chloride solution at a concentration of 1mol/L at a constant flow rate of 20mL/min by using a Longger-LEAD-2 multichannel flow peristaltic pump. And filling red oil into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow of 0.5 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longer-LSP01-2A type laboratory, and stopping filling after the red oil flows out from a fluid outlet of the microscopic glass plate etching model and a migration path is stable.
The fourth step: carrying out the first stage calcite cementation experiment
Through a fluid injection port of the microscopic glass plate etching model, a langer-LSP 01-2A type laboratory precision injection pump is utilized to fill 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow rate of 0.2 mu L/min, and calcite cement is gradually precipitated. The process of calcite cement precipitation was videotaped using a zeiss Axioscope a1 apol digital transreflective microscope and videotaping device. The microscopic appearance of the first stage of calcite cementation after red oil filling shows that early calcite cements develop primarily in the residual pore water and water films that etch the particle surface (figures 3-6). Meanwhile, calcite crystals can be seen at the oil-water contact interface and gradually grow to the residual pore water. In the oil-filled pores, the character of calcite cement growth was not clearly visible (figures 3-6). As can be seen in fig. 4: the calcite cement continuously grows in the residual pore water and the water film; no obvious growth phenomenon is seen in oil-filled pores; as can be seen from fig. 5: the calcite cement continuously grows in the residual pore water and the water film; no obvious growth phenomenon is seen in oil-filled pores; as can be seen in fig. 6: the calcite cement continuously grows in the residual pore water; crossing the macroscopic oil-water boundary into the bulk of the oil-containing pores, the amount of calcite cement developed was less and a small amount of calcite cement development was visible in the water film etching the particle surface (figures 7, 8). The phenomenon of extensive development of calcite cement is visible in the pores containing a large amount of water (figures 7, 8). A certain amount of calcite cement development is seen in the water film and residual pore water at the oil-water transition. The macroscopic oil-containing portion had a significant difference in calcite cement content from the water-containing portion (figures 7, 8). There was a large pore water distribution within the 50 μm throat channel, indicating extensive calcite cementation (figures 7, 8).
The fifth step: developing second phase oil filling experiment
Through a fluid injection port of the microscopic glass plate etching model, blue oil is filled into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow of 0.3 mu L/min by using a precision injection pump in a Longer-LSP01-2A laboratory, and the filling process of the blue oil is recorded by using a Zeiss Axioscope A1 APOL. Microscopic observations of blue oil charge show that if a certain amount of calcite cement (100 μm and 200 μm throat channels) develops in the pores immediately before the pores with red oil charge, the blue oil also breaks through into the pores with calcite cement and migrates further (fig. 9, 10). If calcite cement (150 μm throat channel) did not develop in the pores immediately before the red oil-filled pores, the blue oil would only migrate further along the red oil migration path without being able to break through the water-containing pores (fig. 9, 10).
And a sixth step: carrying out second stage calcite cementation experiment
Through a fluid injection port of the microscopic glass plate etching model, a langer-LSP 01-2A type laboratory precision injection pump is utilized to fill 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate solution into the microscopic glass plate etching model at a constant flow rate of 0.2 mu L/min, and calcite cement is gradually precipitated. The process of calcite cement precipitation was videotaped using a zeiss Axioscope a1 apol digital transreflective microscope and videotaping device. The microscopic appearance of the second stage of calcite cementation after blue oil filling shows that calcite cement can continue to grow in the residual pore water after the two-stage oil filling without significant calcite cement growth in the oil-filled pores (figures 11, 12), and it can be seen from figure 12 that calcite cement continues to grow in the residual pore water.
The microscopic physical simulation experiment result shows that the characteristic of heterogeneous distribution of oil and water after the first-stage oil filling can cause the first-stage carbonate cementation action generated after the first-stage oil filling to be inhibited in the pores filled with oil, but can be continuously carried out in the pores filled with water; the first-stage carbonate cement and the first-stage filled petroleum can effectively reduce the breakthrough pressure of the second-stage petroleum filling, so that the second-stage filled petroleum can easily break through the pores full of the first-stage petroleum and the pores with the early-stage carbonate cement, and finally the oil-water heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the second-stage petroleum filling are changed. The filling of the pores with the first or second stage crude oil will continue to inhibit late carbonate cementation. While in the water-filled pores, the second stage of carbonate cementation can continue.
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