CN110410665B - 一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统 - Google Patents

一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统 Download PDF

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CN110410665B
CN110410665B CN201910761945.8A CN201910761945A CN110410665B CN 110410665 B CN110410665 B CN 110410665B CN 201910761945 A CN201910761945 A CN 201910761945A CN 110410665 B CN110410665 B CN 110410665B
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gas
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王永新
刘明芹
孙学华
边媛
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Lianyungang City Top Technology Development Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2225/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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Abstract

一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,包括与卸车出料管和卸车增压管,卸车出料管与储罐相接,卸车增压管上设有联动的温度变送器、压力变送器和调速阀,卸车增压管通过供气管与常温气体动力源相接,供气管上设有气体降温装置,壳体的底部设有低温液体进口,低温液体进口通过卸料支管与卸车出料管连通,卸料支管上设有流量调节阀Ⅱ,壳体的顶部设有与气体回收管相接的低温气体出口,壳体的外臂上部设有液面控制装置,气体回收管上设有背压阀,卸车增压管通过泄压管与回收系统连接。本发明采用稳压后的常温气体作为卸车动力,通过换热降温,将常温降到安全温度后引入槽车卸车,以少量的硬件成加快卸车速度本、提高生产效率、降低安全风险。

Description

一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统
技术领域
本发明涉及石油化工行业流体装卸领域,特别是一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统。
背景技术
现有低温液化气体槽车卸车工艺主要有以下三种:
(1) 空温汽化器增压式
这种工艺主要是使用空温式汽化器,从槽车中引出部分介质汽化使槽车增压并卸出液体。这种工艺使用空温式汽化器作为卸车动力源,投资小,但是受环境温度和天气的影响大,且卸车是须间歇式操作,卸车时间长。
(2)空温汽化器+离心泵式
这种工艺主要是在空温汽化器增压式的基础上,在主卸车管道上增加一台低温离心泵。开始卸车时先通过空温式汽化器给槽车增压,使低温液体充满泵腔,这个过程与3.1工艺相同,而后启动低温泵,通过泵作为主动力卸车,空温式汽化器仅作为辅助设备向槽车内补充气体以保证槽车不出现负压。这种工艺以低温泵作为主要动力源,卸车速度较快,但同时还需使用空温式汽化器,同样受环境温度和天气的影响大,且低温泵昂贵,投资大。
(3)常温气式
这种工艺是使用带压常温气(与液体介质相同)稳压后直接引入槽车,增加槽车压力,使槽车内液体快速卸出。这种工艺方法简单,卸车速度快,但是存在安全隐患。因为槽车内的液体温度极低,而常温气是常温气体,相对于液体温度极高,直接进入槽车会使槽车内温度出现分层并引起剧烈汽化,影响卸车安全。并且在卸车后槽车内全部是常温气体,槽车温度升高,当槽车再次充装时温度再次降低,频繁的温度变化必然会引起槽车罐体的金属疲劳,降低槽车寿命,增加安全风险。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种能够提高生产效率、降低安全风险的低温液化气体槽车卸车系统。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的,一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,包括与槽车的卸料口对接的卸车出料管和用于为槽车提供增加气体的卸车增压管,
所述的卸车出料管与储罐相接,卸车出料管上设有流量调节阀Ⅰ,
其特点是:
所述的卸车增压管上设有调速阀,调速阀的进气端的卸车增压管上依次装有与调速阀联动的温度变送器和压力变送器,
卸车增压管通过供气管与稳压后的常温气体动力源相接,所述的供气管上设有开关阀,开关阀的出气端与卸车增压管之间的供气管上设有气体降温装置,
所述的气体降温装置为管式换热器,包括壳体,壳体内设有换热腔,换热腔内设有管式换热体,管式换热体串接在上述的供气管上,
换热腔的底部设有低温液体进口,低温液体进口通过卸料支管与流量调节阀Ⅰ和卸料口之间的卸车出料管连通,
换热腔的顶部设有低温气体出口,所述的低温气体出口与气体回收管相接,用于与回收系统相接,
壳体的外壁上设有换热腔低温液体的液面检测装置,所述的卸料支管上设有与液面检测装置联动的流量调节阀Ⅱ,
所述的气体回收管上设有用于维持换热腔低温液体液面的背压阀,
卸车增压管还设有与回收系统连接的泄压管,所述的泄压管上设有泄压阀;
卸车工况步骤如下:
(1)卸料:槽车内的液体在重力的作用下分为两路卸料,一路经流量调节阀Ⅰ的调节通过卸车出料管输送到储罐内,另一路经流量调节阀Ⅱ的调节通过卸料支管由低温液体进口进入气体降温装置的换热腔,换热腔内液面在液面检测装置与流量调节阀Ⅱ的配合下到达设定的液面高度,换热腔内液面低于设定的液面高度时,调大流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,换热腔内液面高于设定的液面高度时,调小流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,调节背压阀通过保持罐内压力来维持液面高度;
(2)加压:打开开关阀,来自稳压后的常温气体动力源的增压气体通过气体降温装置降温后达到设定的温度后,通过调速阀进入槽车,增压气体的温度和压力卸车增压管上的温度变送器和压力变送器检测并显示,通过控制调速阀的开合程度以达到所需的温度和压力;温度变送器显示的气体温度高于设定温度时减小调速阀的开度以降低气体流速,延长换热时间,气体温度低于设定温度时增加调速阀的开度,缩短换热时间;压力变送器显示的气体压力高于设定压力时减小调速阀的开度,气体压力低于设定压力时增加调速阀的开度。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现,所述的液面检测装置包括高液位联锁音叉开关和低液位联锁音叉开关。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现,背压阀施加的压力与气体换热装置的液位高度产生的压力之和大于或等于储罐压力,用于在卸车过程中,维持气体降温装置内液位稳定。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现,气体降温装置的设计高度小于或等于1.5m,控制液面高度为1.1m-1.3m。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现,控制气体降温装置液面高度为1.2m。
本发明与现有技术相比,采用稳压后的常温气体作为卸车动力,通过换热降温,将常温降到安全温度后引入槽车卸车,加快卸车速度,以少量的硬件成本,提高生产效率和降低安全风险。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图;
图2为气体换热装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案,以便于本领域的技术人员进一步地理解本发明,而不构成对其权利的限制。
一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,包括与槽车的卸料口对接的卸车出料管9和用于为槽车提供增加气体的卸车增压管8,
卸车出料管9与储罐相接,卸车出料管9上设有流量调节阀Ⅰ11,
卸车增压管8上设有调速阀7,调速阀7的进气端的卸车增压管8上依次装有与调速阀7联动的温度变送器5和压力变送器6,
卸车增压管8通过供气管1与稳压后的常温气体动力源相接,所述的供气管1上设有开关阀2,开关阀2的出气端与卸车增压管8之间的供气管1上设有气体降温装置13,
气体降温装置13为管式换热器,包括壳体24,壳体24内设有换热腔,换热腔内设有管式换热体22,管式换热体22串接在上述的供气管1上,
换热腔的底部设有低温液体进口,低温液体进口通过卸料支管10与流量调节阀Ⅰ11和卸料口之间的卸车出料管8连通,
换热腔的顶部设有低温气体出口,所述的低温气体出口与气体回收管14相接,用于与回收系统相接,
壳体24的外壁上换热腔低温液体的液面检测装置,所述的卸料支管10上设有与液面检测装置联动的流量调节阀Ⅱ12,
气体回收管14上设有用于维持换热腔低温液体液面的背压阀15,
卸车增压管8还设有与回收系统连接的泄压管4,所述的泄压管4上设有泄压阀3;
卸车工况步骤如下:
(1)卸料:槽车内的液体在重力的作用下分为两路卸料,一路经流量调节阀Ⅰ的调节通过卸车出料管输送到储罐内,另一路经流量调节阀Ⅱ的调节通过卸料支管由低温液体进口进入气体降温装置的换热腔,换热腔内液面在液面检测装置与流量调节阀Ⅱ的配合下到达设定的液面高度;换热腔内液面低于设定的液面高度时,调大流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,换热腔内液面高于设定的液面高度时,调小流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,调节背压阀通过保持罐内压力来维持液面高度;
(2)加压:打开开关阀,来自稳压后的常温气体动力源的增压气体通过气体降温装置降温后达到设定的温度后,通过调速阀进入槽车,增压气体的温度和压力卸车增压管上的温度变送器和压力变送器检测并显示,通过控制调速阀的开合程度以达到所需的温度和压力;温度变送器显示的气体温度高于设定温度时减小调速阀的开度以降低气体流速,延长换热时间,气体温度低于设定温度时增加调速阀的开度,缩短换热时间;压力变送器显示的气体压力高于设定压力时减小调速阀的开度,气体压力低于设定压力时增加调速阀的开度。
所述的液面检测装置包括与流量调节阀Ⅱ12联动的高液位联锁音叉开关21和低液位联锁音叉开关23。
背压阀15施加的压力与气体换热装置13的液位高度产生的压力之和大于或等于储罐压力,用于在卸车过程中,维持气体降温装置13内液位稳定。
气体降温装置13的设计高度小于或等于1.5m,控制液面高度为1.1m-1.3m,优选1.2m。
按照450KG/m³的液体密度计算,1.2m高的液面可产生约4.41KPa的压强。
如储罐爬升高度为20m,则卸车需克服约88.2KPa压强。两者压强差为83.79KPa,故需在管式换热器低温气体出口处设置等值背压阀以维持液面。当液面低于设定值时,管式换热器的低温液体进口处压力低,液体流入换热器;当液面高于设定值时,管式换热器的低温液体进口处压力高,阻止液体向管式换热器内流动。
卸料完成后,打开泄压阀将槽车内的多余压力卸出。
本发明的系统适用于LNG、低温乙烷、液氧、液氮等介质,系统中的低温液体,增压气体、低温气体、常温气体均为同一种物质的不同状态。

Claims (3)

1.一种低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,包括与槽车的卸料口对接的卸车出料管和用于为槽车提供增加气体的卸车增压管,
所述的卸车出料管与储罐相接,卸车出料管上设有流量调节阀Ⅰ,
其特征在于:
所述的卸车增压管上设有调速阀,调速阀的进气端的卸车增压管上依次装有与调速阀联动的温度变送器和压力变送器,
卸车增压管通过供气管与稳压后的常温气体动力源相接,所述的供气管上设有开关阀,开关阀的出气端与卸车增压管之间的供气管上设有气体降温装置,
所述的气体降温装置为管式换热器,包括壳体,壳体内设有换热腔,换热腔内设有管式换热体,管式换热体串接在上述的供气管上,
换热腔的底部设有低温液体进口,低温液体进口通过卸料支管与流量调节阀Ⅰ和卸料口之间的卸车出料管连通,
换热腔的顶部设有低温气体出口,所述的低温气体出口与气体回收管相接,用于与回收系统相接,
壳体的外壁上设有换热腔低温液体的液面检测装置,所述的卸料支管上设有与液面检测装置联动的流量调节阀Ⅱ,
所述的气体回收管上设有用于维持换热腔低温液体液面的背压阀,
卸车增压管还设有与回收系统连接的泄压管,所述的泄压管上设有泄压阀;
卸车工况步骤如下:
(1)卸料:槽车内的液体在重力的作用下分为两路卸料,一路经流量调节阀Ⅰ的调节通过卸车出料管输送到储罐内,另一路经流量调节阀Ⅱ的调节通过卸料支管由低温液体进口进入气体降温装置的换热腔,换热腔内液面在液面检测装置与流量调节阀Ⅱ的配合下到达设定的液面高度,换热腔内液面低于设定的液面高度时,调大流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,换热腔内液面高于设定的液面高度时,调小流量调节阀Ⅱ的开度,调节背压阀通过保持罐内压力来维持液面高度;
(2)加压:打开开关阀,来自稳压后的常温气体动力源的增压气体通过气体降温装置降温后达到设定的温度后,通过调速阀进入槽车,增压气体的温度和压力卸车增压管上的温度变送器和压力变送器检测并显示,通过控制调速阀的开合程度以达到所需的温度和压力;温度变送器显示的气体温度高于设定温度时减小调速阀的开度以降低气体流速,延长换热时间,气体温度低于设定温度时增加调速阀的开度,缩短换热时间;压力变送器显示的气体压力高于设定压力时减小调速阀的开度,气体压力低于设定压力时增加调速阀的开度;
所述的液面检测装置包括高液位联锁音叉开关和低液位联锁音叉开关;背压阀施加的压力与气体换热装置的液位高度产生的压力之和大于或等于储罐压力,用于在卸车过程中,维持气体降温装置内液位稳定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,其特征在于:气体降温装置的设计高度小于或等于1.5m,控制液面高度为1.1m-1.3m。
3.根据权利要求2所述的低温液化气体槽车卸车系统,其特征在于:控制气体降温装置液面高度为1.2m。
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