CN110402632B - Comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil remediation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: arranging a salt isolation layer, irrigating and washing salt, carrying out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, improving soil quality by using the improver, and planting saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil in a mixed manner. The method comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has a good effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has high practical value and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil remediation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
The soil salinization is a global environmental problem, according to incomplete statistics of the combined country textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization, the area of the saline-alkali soil is 9.5438 hundred million hectares all over the world, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China, and the coastal saline-alkali soil is widely distributed, relates to the coastline of 11 provinces (districts) in China and accounts for 40% of the total area of the saline-alkali soil in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in severe saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive, thereby bringing great obstacles to agricultural production. Saline-alkali soil is a general term of saline soil and alkaline earth, the saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, the soil is alkaline, but the pH value is not necessarily high; the alkaline earth is soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is higher, the soil is alkaline, the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil is low, the soil fertility is low, the physicochemical property is poor, more anions and cations are harmful to crops, and the seedlings of the crops are not easy to promote. The grain demand of China is increasingly high, the cultivated land resource is short, and the problem of improving the saline-alkali soil has important significance for the national and people's demands.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement method mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological method and the like. The physical method mainly uses leaching and salt discharge as main materials and combines the measures of plowing, leaching, silting and the like to achieve the purpose of improving the saline-alkali soil; the chemical method is to reduce the salinization degree of soil by adding some acidic chemicals, organic polymer materials and the like and combining with an organic fertilizer; the method for biologically improving the saline-alkali soil is a sustainable utilization method and comprises the methods of planting salt-tolerant plants, halophytes, applying microbial fertilizers and the like.
However, in practical application, physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods all have certain disadvantages in saline-alkali soil improvement application, so that the application is limited. In addition, the improvement and treatment effects of the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals in the prior art are poor, and the pollutants are poor in mobility in the soil, long in retention time and incapable of being naturally degraded, diluted and flowed, so that the pollutants are increasingly enriched in the saline-alkali soil along with the prolonging of time, and plants planted in the saline-alkali soil are damaged. Therefore, the research on the comprehensive treatment method of the saline-alkali soil, which integrates various methods, has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has better effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has higher practical value and wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(2) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(3) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(4) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(5) and (4) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil.
The method comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has better effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has higher practical value and wide application prospect. Firstly, isolating the ground surface from the lower-layer underground water by utilizing a salt bed isolation technology to avoid the underground water with high salt content from moving upwards; secondly, irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil by adopting an irrigation salt-washing technology to dissolve the salt in the soil; then decomposing salt, alkali and nitrate in the saline-alkali soil by using an electrolysis-adsorption treatment technology, and removing caustic alkali in the saline-alkali soil through an adsorption material; and finally, by utilizing a biological improvement technology, adding a biological improver into the soil, and then planting the saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and the heavy metal enriched vegetation in a mixed manner to further improve the soil quality.
Preferably, the salt-separating layer in step 1 is a dense salt-separating layer formed by mixing and compacting soil, alkaline zeolite, alkaline attapulgite and clay. The salt-separating layer can effectively prevent groundwater with high salt content from moving upwards, and the addition of the alkaline zeolite and the alkaline attapulgite can effectively prevent groundwater with high salt content from moving upwards and can also play a role in neutralizing the upper soil.
Preferably, in the step 2, a passivating agent is applied to the saline-alkali soil before irrigation, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of iron-loaded modified attapulgite, 5-8 parts of reduced iron and 30-50 parts of biochar, wherein the passivator is of a three-layer coating structure: the core of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core is coated with an iron-loaded modified attapulgite intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer is coated with a charcoal outer surface layer. The zero-valent iron in the passivator can play a role in reducing heavy metals in soil, the attapulgite can adsorb and fix more stable pollutants in the soil, and the charcoal also has a better adsorption effect on the pollutants in the soil. The three-layer coating structure is used for coating the zero-valent iron with unstable performance, so that the stability and the utilization rate of the zero-valent iron can be effectively improved, and in order to further ensure the stability of adsorbing reduced iron on the surface of the iron-loaded modified attapulgite, the surface of the iron-loaded modified attapulgite is coated once again.
Preferably, in step 3, a cathode regulator is added into the cathode electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 30-50 parts of acid modified diatomite and 8-10 parts of rhamnolipid. The cathode regulator can effectively reduce pH in the electric repair process and relieve hydroxide migration to the anode, so that heavy metal ions are enriched near the cathode, and the removal of the heavy metal ions is facilitated.
Preferably, the adsorbing material in step 3 has a three-layer coating structure: the core layer of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core layer is wrapped by an iron-carrying modified attapulgite middle layer, and the middle layer is wrapped by a biochar outer surface layer.
Preferably, the acid-modified diatomaceous earth is prepared by the following method: grinding diatomite, adding diatomite powder into a sodium carbonate solution, uniformly stirring, adding a saturated calcium chloride solution, uniformly stirring, filtering, collecting filter residues, adding the filter residues into an acid solution, stirring and acidifying, collecting the filter residues, then putting the filter residues into a muffle furnace, calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and thus obtaining the acid modified diatomite; the acid-modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method: adding attapulgite into an acid solution, mechanically stirring, and acidifying to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use; and (3) putting the obtained acidified attapulgite into a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the acid modified attapulgite.
Preferably, the iron-loaded modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method:
(1) acidifying and purifying: adding attapulgite into 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mechanically stirring, acidifying for 15-30min, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until no chloride ion remains to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use;
(2) surface activation: adding a cationic surfactant into deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding the acidified attapulgite obtained in the step 1, and mechanically stirring for 15-30min to obtain a surface activated attapulgite solution for later use;
(3) iron carrying treatment: adding reduced iron powder into the surface activated attapulgite solution obtained in the step 2, mechanically stirring for 15-30min, centrifuging the solution, taking the precipitate, and drying in vacuum to obtain iron-loaded attapulgite for later use;
(4) thermal activation: and (3) putting the iron-loaded attapulgite obtained in the step (3) into a muffle furnace for calcination at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the modified attapulgite.
The iron-carrying modified attapulgite has the following advantages: 1) the attapulgite is acidified and purified to improve the purity of the attapulgite and the adsorption performance of the attapulgite, and the hydrochloric acid activation process is characterized in that: 1, depolymerization between fiber bundles, mainly the decomposition of the cement between non-adsorptive impurities (such as carbonate minerals); 2, the increase of the specific surface area of the crystal greatly improves the adsorption force and increases the specific surface area of the crystal; 3 is the sequential replacement action of H + to octahedral cations Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ from edge to center, and the surface activity is increased due to too large difference of ionic radii of H + and Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ and unequal crystallization chemical behaviors. 2) The attapulgite is subjected to surface activation, so that the adsorption efficiency of the attapulgite on chromium can be greatly improved. 3) Carrying out iron-loading treatment on the attapulgite, fixing the reduced iron on the surface of the attapulgite, preventing the reduced iron from agglomerating, wherein the reduced iron has strong reducibility and can reduce hexavalent chromium in soil into trivalent chromium. In the adsorption process of the attapulgite treated by the iron carrier, firstly, the hexavalent chromium in the soil is reduced into trivalent chromium by the reduced iron on the surface, and then the trivalent chromium is coordinated with the active agent on the surface of the attapulgite, so that the trivalent chromium is firmly fixed. 4) Finally, the attapulgite is subjected to thermal activation treatment and high-temperature calcination, so that the adsorption performance of the attapulgite can be remarkably improved, and the specific surface area of the attapulgite is greatly increased because the attapulgite is calcined, adsorbed water among fibers in minerals and zeolite water in structural pore canals are removed.
Preferably, the soil conditioner in the step 4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of waste beer yeast, 2-3 parts of bacillus, 2-3 parts of sulfate reducing bacteria, 10-15 parts of kitchen waste recovered oil and 30-40 parts of kitchen waste humus; and the waste beer yeast, the bacillus, the sulfate reducing bacteria and the kitchen waste recovered oil are mixed and then used as cores to be wrapped by the kitchen waste humus. The kitchen waste recovered grease can provide nutrition for biological bacteria, and the biological bacteria are embedded, so that the activity of the biological bacteria can be ensured.
Preferably, the kitchen waste humus is prepared by the following method:
(1) oil extraction treatment: removing large materials from the kitchen waste by a sorting device, sterilizing the kitchen waste in a sterilizing chamber, extracting oil to recover oil in the kitchen waste, and respectively obtaining oil-removing solid waste and recovered oil for later use;
(2) fermentation: and (2) crushing the oil-removing solid garbage obtained in the step (1), adding zymocyte, uniformly mixing, reacting for 10-15 days at 25-30 ℃ under the condition of keeping the water content at 10-15%, air-drying at low temperature, and crushing.
The kitchen waste which pollutes the environment is made into humus which is rich in nutrient substances and biological bacteria, and then the humus is applied to soil improvement, so that waste is changed into valuable.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has better effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has higher practical value and wide application prospect. The method comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has better effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has higher practical value and wide application prospect. Firstly, isolating the ground surface from the lower-layer underground water by utilizing a salt bed isolation technology to avoid the underground water with high salt content from moving upwards; secondly, irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil by adopting an irrigation salt-washing technology to dissolve the salt in the soil; then decomposing salt, alkali and nitrate in the saline-alkali soil by using an electrolysis-adsorption treatment technology, and removing caustic alkali in the saline-alkali soil through an adsorption material; and finally, by utilizing a biological improvement technology, adding a biological improver into the soil, and then planting the saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and the heavy metal enriched vegetation in a mixed manner to further improve the soil quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(2) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(3) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(4) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(5) and (4) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil.
The method comprehensively utilizes various saline-alkali soil treatment methods, has high treatment efficiency, has better effect on improving the saline-alkali soil polluted by heavy metals, and has higher practical value and wide application prospect. Firstly, isolating the ground surface from the lower-layer underground water by utilizing a salt bed isolation technology to avoid the underground water with high salt content from moving upwards; secondly, irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil by adopting an irrigation salt-washing technology to dissolve the salt in the soil; then decomposing salt, alkali and nitrate in the saline-alkali soil by using an electrolysis-adsorption treatment technology, and removing caustic alkali in the saline-alkali soil through an adsorption material; and finally, by utilizing a biological improvement technology, adding a biological improver into the soil, and then planting the saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and the heavy metal enriched vegetation in a mixed manner to further improve the soil quality.
In the step 1, the salt isolation layer is a compact salt isolation layer formed by mixing and compacting soil, alkaline zeolite, alkaline attapulgite and clay. The salt-separating layer can effectively prevent groundwater with high salt content from moving upwards, and the addition of the alkaline zeolite and the alkaline attapulgite can effectively prevent groundwater with high salt content from moving upwards and can also play a role in neutralizing the upper soil.
Example 2
A comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(2) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(3) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(4) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(5) and (4) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil.
In the step 2, applying a passivating agent to the saline-alkali land before irrigation, wherein the passivating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of iron-loaded modified attapulgite, 5 parts of reduced iron and 30 parts of charcoal, wherein the passivator is of a three-layer coating structure: the core of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core is coated with an iron-loaded modified attapulgite intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer is coated with a charcoal outer surface layer. The zero-valent iron in the passivator can play a role in reducing heavy metals in soil, the attapulgite can adsorb and fix more stable pollutants in the soil, and the charcoal also has a better adsorption effect on the pollutants in the soil. The three-layer coating structure is used for coating the zero-valent iron with unstable performance, so that the stability and the utilization rate of the zero-valent iron can be effectively improved, and in order to further ensure the stability of adsorbing reduced iron on the surface of the iron-loaded modified attapulgite, the surface of the iron-loaded modified attapulgite is coated once again.
In the step 3, adding a cathode regulator into the cathode electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 30 parts of acid modified diatomite and 8 parts of rhamnolipid. The cathode regulator can effectively reduce pH in the electric repair process and relieve hydroxide migration to the anode, so that heavy metal ions are enriched near the cathode, and the removal of the heavy metal ions is facilitated.
The adsorbing material in the step 3 is of a three-layer coating structure: the core layer of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core layer is wrapped by an iron-carrying modified attapulgite middle layer, and the middle layer is wrapped by a biochar outer surface layer.
The iron-carrying modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method:
(1) acidifying and purifying: adding attapulgite into 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mechanically stirring, acidifying for 15-30min, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until no chloride ion remains to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use;
(2) surface activation: adding a cationic surfactant into deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding the acidified attapulgite obtained in the step 1, and mechanically stirring for 15-30min to obtain a surface activated attapulgite solution for later use;
(3) iron carrying treatment: adding reduced iron powder into the surface activated attapulgite solution obtained in the step 2, mechanically stirring for 15-30min, centrifuging the solution, taking the precipitate, and drying in vacuum to obtain iron-loaded attapulgite for later use;
(4) thermal activation: and (3) putting the iron-loaded attapulgite obtained in the step (3) into a muffle furnace for calcination at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the modified attapulgite.
The iron-carrying modified attapulgite has the following advantages: 1) the attapulgite is acidified and purified to improve the purity of the attapulgite and the adsorption performance of the attapulgite, and the hydrochloric acid activation process is characterized in that: 1, depolymerization between fiber bundles, mainly the decomposition of the cement between non-adsorptive impurities (such as carbonate minerals); 2, the increase of the specific surface area of the crystal greatly improves the adsorption force and increases the specific surface area of the crystal; 3 is the sequential replacement action of H + to octahedral cations Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ from edge to center, and the surface activity is increased due to too large difference of ionic radii of H + and Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ and unequal crystallization chemical behaviors. 2) The attapulgite is subjected to surface activation, so that the adsorption efficiency of the attapulgite on chromium can be greatly improved. 3) Carrying out iron-loading treatment on the attapulgite, fixing the reduced iron on the surface of the attapulgite, preventing the reduced iron from agglomerating, wherein the reduced iron has strong reducibility and can reduce hexavalent chromium in soil into trivalent chromium. In the adsorption process of the attapulgite treated by the iron carrier, firstly, the hexavalent chromium in the soil is reduced into trivalent chromium by the reduced iron on the surface, and then the trivalent chromium is coordinated with the active agent on the surface of the attapulgite, so that the trivalent chromium is firmly fixed. 4) Finally, the attapulgite is subjected to thermal activation treatment and high-temperature calcination, so that the adsorption performance of the attapulgite can be remarkably improved, and the specific surface area of the attapulgite is greatly increased because the attapulgite is calcined, adsorbed water among fibers in minerals and zeolite water in structural pore canals are removed.
Example 3
A comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(2) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(3) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(4) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(5) and (4) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil.
In the step 2, applying a passivating agent to the saline-alkali land before irrigation, wherein the passivating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of iron-loaded modified attapulgite, 8 parts of reduced iron and 50 parts of charcoal, wherein the passivator is of a three-layer coating structure: the core of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core is coated with an iron-loaded modified attapulgite intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer is coated with a charcoal outer surface layer.
In the step 3, adding a cathode regulator into the cathode electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 50 parts of acid modified diatomite and 10 parts of rhamnolipid.
The acid modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: grinding diatomite, adding diatomite powder into a sodium carbonate solution, uniformly stirring, adding a saturated calcium chloride solution, uniformly stirring, filtering, collecting filter residues, adding the filter residues into an acid solution, stirring and acidifying, collecting the filter residues, then putting the filter residues into a muffle furnace, calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and thus obtaining the acid modified diatomite; the acid-modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method: adding attapulgite into an acid solution, mechanically stirring, and acidifying to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use; and (3) putting the obtained acidified attapulgite into a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the acid modified attapulgite.
The soil conditioner in the step 4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of waste beer yeast, 2 parts of bacillus, 2 parts of sulfate reducing bacteria, 10 parts of kitchen waste recovered oil and 30 parts of kitchen waste humus; and the waste beer yeast, the bacillus, the sulfate reducing bacteria and the kitchen waste recovered oil are mixed and then used as cores to be wrapped by the kitchen waste humus. The kitchen waste recovered grease can provide nutrition for biological bacteria, and the biological bacteria are embedded, so that the activity of the biological bacteria can be ensured.
The kitchen waste humus is prepared by the following method:
(1) oil extraction treatment: removing large materials from the kitchen waste by a sorting device, sterilizing the kitchen waste in a sterilizing chamber, extracting oil to recover oil in the kitchen waste, and respectively obtaining oil-removing solid waste and recovered oil for later use;
(2) fermentation: and (2) crushing the oil-removing solid garbage obtained in the step (1), adding zymocyte, uniformly mixing, reacting for 10-15 days at 25-30 ℃ under the condition of keeping the water content at 10-15%, air-drying at low temperature, and crushing.
The kitchen waste which pollutes the environment is made into humus which is rich in nutrient substances and biological bacteria, and then the humus is applied to soil improvement, so that waste is changed into valuable.
Example 4
A comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(2) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(3) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(4) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(5) and (4) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil.
In the step 2, applying a passivating agent to the saline-alkali land before irrigation, wherein the passivating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of iron-loaded modified attapulgite, 6 parts of reduced iron and 40 parts of charcoal, wherein the passivator is of a three-layer coating structure: the core of the innermost layer is reduced iron, the core is coated with an iron-loaded modified attapulgite intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer is coated with a charcoal outer surface layer.
In the step 3, adding a cathode regulator into the cathode electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 40 parts of acid modified diatomite and 9 parts of rhamnolipid.
The soil conditioner in the step 4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of waste beer yeast, 3 parts of bacillus, 3 parts of sulfate reducing bacteria, 15 parts of kitchen waste recovered oil and 40 parts of kitchen waste humus; and the waste beer yeast, the bacillus, the sulfate reducing bacteria and the kitchen waste recovered oil are mixed and then used as cores to be wrapped by the kitchen waste humus. The kitchen waste recovered grease can provide nutrition for biological bacteria, and the biological bacteria are embedded, so that the activity of the biological bacteria can be ensured.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications to the above embodiments, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A comprehensive treatment method for coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(101) arranging a salt isolation layer: a salt separation layer is arranged at a depth of not less than 40cm below the ground surface, so that underground water with high salt content is prevented from moving upwards;
(102) irrigating and washing salt: constructing a water storage cofferdam at the periphery of the saline-alkali soil to form a reservoir structure of the saline-alkali soil, and irrigating water into the saline-alkali soil to dissolve soil salt;
(103) electrolysis-adsorption treatment: respectively arranging a positive electrolytic cell and a negative electrolytic cell in the saline-alkali soil, synchronously contacting a positive electrode and a negative electrode with the saline-alkali soil, arranging a movable adsorption wall between the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell to isolate the positive electrolytic cell and the negative electrolytic cell, filling an adsorption material in the adsorption wall, taking muddy water in the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolyte, switching on a power supply to carry out electrolysis-adsorption treatment, replacing the adsorption wall after the treatment is carried out for a certain time, and discharging the water after the treatment is finished;
(104) the modifying agent is used for modifying soil quality: adding a soil conditioner into the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil, and uniformly mixing the electrolyzed-adsorbed soil and the soil by plowing;
(105) mixed planting of saline-alkali tolerant vegetation and heavy metal enriched vegetation on the improved soil;
in the step 101, the salt isolation layer is a compact salt isolation layer formed by mixing and compacting soil, alkaline zeolite, alkaline attapulgite and clay;
in step 102, applying a passivating agent to the saline-alkali soil before irrigation, wherein the passivating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of iron-loaded modified attapulgite, 5-8 parts of reduced iron and 30-50 parts of biochar, wherein the passivator is of a three-layer coating structure: the core of the innermost layer is reduced iron, an iron-carrying modified attapulgite intermediate layer is coated outside the core, and a charcoal outer surface layer is coated outside the intermediate layer;
step 103, adding a cathode regulator into the cathode electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 30-50 parts of acid modified diatomite and 8-10 parts of rhamnolipid;
in step 103, the adsorption material has a three-layer coating structure: the core layer of the innermost layer is reduced iron, an iron-carrying modified attapulgite middle layer is wrapped outside the core layer, and a charcoal outer surface layer is wrapped outside the middle layer;
the acid modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: grinding diatomite, adding diatomite powder into a sodium carbonate solution, uniformly stirring, adding a saturated calcium chloride solution, uniformly stirring, filtering, collecting filter residues, adding the filter residues into an acid solution, stirring and acidifying, collecting the filter residues, then putting the filter residues into a muffle furnace, calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5 hours, and thus obtaining the acid modified diatomite; the acid-modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method: adding attapulgite into an acid solution, mechanically stirring, and acidifying to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use; putting the obtained acidified attapulgite into a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the acid modified attapulgite;
the iron-carrying modified attapulgite is prepared by the following method:
(201) acidifying and purifying: adding attapulgite into 5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, mechanically stirring, acidifying for 15-30min, and repeatedly washing with deionized water until no chloride ion remains to obtain acidified attapulgite for later use;
(202) surface activation: adding a cationic surfactant into deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding the acidified attapulgite obtained in the step 201, and mechanically stirring for 15-30min to obtain a surface activated attapulgite solution for later use;
(203) iron carrying treatment: adding reduced iron powder into the surface activated attapulgite solution obtained in the step 202, mechanically stirring for 15-30min, centrifuging the solution, taking the precipitate, and drying in vacuum to obtain iron-loaded attapulgite for later use;
(204) thermal activation: putting the iron-loaded attapulgite obtained in the step 203 into a muffle furnace for calcination at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3-5h to obtain the modified attapulgite;
the soil conditioner in the step 104 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of waste beer yeast, 2-3 parts of bacillus, 2-3 parts of sulfate reducing bacteria, 10-15 parts of kitchen waste recovered oil and 30-40 parts of kitchen waste humus; mixing the waste beer yeast, bacillus, sulfate reducing bacteria and kitchen waste recovered oil, and wrapping the mixture serving as a core by kitchen waste humus;
the kitchen waste humus is prepared by the following method:
(301) oil extraction treatment: removing large materials from the kitchen waste by a sorting device, sterilizing the kitchen waste in a sterilizing chamber, extracting oil to recover oil in the kitchen waste, and respectively obtaining oil-removing solid waste and recovered oil for later use;
(302) fermentation: and (3) crushing the deoiled solid garbage obtained in the step (301), adding zymophyte, uniformly mixing, reacting for 10-15 days at 25-30 ℃ under the condition of keeping the water content at 10-15%, air-drying at low temperature, and crushing.
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| CN112400396A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 华东师范大学 | Method for improving soil of reclaimed land in reclamation area |
| CN113243281B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-12-28 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Ecological drought xi system in sponge city saline and alkaline land |
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