CN110396770A - 一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于功能膜材料技术领域,具体公开了一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法。将聚合物、无机纳米颗粒和有机溶剂配制成纺丝液,通过静电喷射法成膜。改变聚合物和溶剂、无机纳米颗粒和聚合物的配比,调节接收面板的温度,以控制膜材料固液相分离速度,实现对复合膜微观形貌的调控。可在静电纺过程中直接纺制成复合纤维膜;通过纤维膜的融塌再联结成网状膜;或直接以雾滴的形式喷出后成膜,也可将以上两种或三种形式结合。制备的复合膜可更换不同的聚合物及无机纳米颗粒,所制备的复合膜具有纳米颗粒分布均匀,比表面积大,孔隙率高等特点,且具备吸附能力,在膜的气过滤及水处理方面具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能膜材料技术领域,具体涉及染料、大分子蛋白的预处理和微纳米颗粒分离过滤的功能膜材料,特别涉及一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
现有技术中膜材料通常采用涂覆、交联以及碳化成膜等工艺,但是工艺复杂,调节孔隙率操控性较差,膜成形过程中影响因素较多,成膜率较低。
静电纺技术是利用几千甚至上万伏的高压静电来产生一个静电场,当聚合物液滴带上电在电场力的作用下会形成一个泰勒锥,电场力足够大时,聚合物溶液则会克服表面张力从泰勒锥尖端处拉伸形成细丝,再通过电场的牵引,最终到达接收装置并形成纤维膜。通过静电纺技术所制备的纤维其直径能够达到纳米甚至亚微米,且所制备的材料渗透性好、具有较大的比表面积、在保持小孔径的同时孔隙的连通性很好,是理想的过滤膜材料。
对于过滤用膜材料,其形貌结构特征将直接影响过滤通量、目标物截留率以及膜的重复利用率等性能。而现有静电纺技术对聚合物从溶液中的相分离成形过程主要通过调节纺丝液浓度、接收距离、纺丝电压以及纺丝液推进速度。对纤维沉积的接收装置即纤维最主要的成形稳定装置上并没有进行形貌控制的措施,这样反而容易因为溶剂的不完全挥发造成纤维的再次溶塌以及纤维间的粘粘,影响材料的成膜稳定性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足,本发明设计了一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,先将聚合物材料溶解于溶剂中,配置成聚合物溶液,再将无机纳米颗粒添加到聚合物溶液中,配置不同质量浓度比的纺丝液,结合温控设备对接收面板温度的调控,通过静电纺技术制备得到微纳米结构纤维复合膜,其制备工艺简单,成本低且具备良好的吸附能力,有利于促进静电纺膜材料在过滤分离领域的应用。
本发明设计的技术方案为:
溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,有以下步骤:
(1)将聚合物材料溶解于溶剂中,配置成一定质量分数的聚合物溶液;
(2)将无机纳米颗粒研磨细腻添加到聚合物溶液中,配置成一定质量分数的静电纺纺丝液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的静电纺丝纺丝液超声一定时间后静置;
(4)将步骤(3)超声静置后的纺丝液导入注射器内开始静电纺丝,通过控制相关纺丝参数,并在纺丝过程中通过自制温控设备调节面板温度,在静电纺过程中直接纺制成复合纤维膜;通过纤维膜的融塌再联结成网状膜;或直接以雾滴的形式喷出后成膜,也可将以上三种或两种形式结合得到静电纺膜材料,纺丝结束后静置。
所述聚合物溶液为聚合物以及溶剂的混合物,聚合物为醋酸纤维素、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚己内酯、聚乳酸、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、聚苯醚或聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯中的任意一种或几种;所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲酸、丙醇、异丙醇、六氟异丙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷、甲基乙基酮、甲乙酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙酸丙酯、乙酸甲酯、异丁酯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、或乙酸中的任意一种或几种,聚合物和溶剂均可通过市场购买,无需其他繁杂的反应再制备等步骤,可直接取用。
其中,聚合物溶液中聚合物的质量浓度为8~28%。
选用的无机纳米颗粒为活性炭、石墨烯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、粘土、沸石和水滑石中的任意一种或几种。
静电纺纺丝液中无机纳米颗粒在聚合物中的质量分数为0.5-10%。
配制纺丝液的具体方法是:称取一定质量的聚合物再加入一定体积比的溶剂,50-80℃磁力搅拌溶解2~8h,用以调节聚合物溶液的粘度,控制聚合物溶液的粘度范围在1~1500mPa·s之间,将无机纳米颗粒研磨细腻添加到聚合物溶液中并超声5~60min,使无机纳米颗粒在聚合物溶液中均匀分散,然后将纺丝液静置0.5-2h以充分消泡避免气泡影响纺丝。
静电纺丝进液速度为0.5~3mL/h;纺丝电压为10~30kV;纺丝过程中湿度为30~60%;接丝距离为10~25cm;接收面板温度控制在30~100℃。
控制面板为实验室自制在接收装置上装有温控调节器,通过温度传感器和温度控制开关调节温度。根据纺丝液的挥发度对接收面板的温度进行控制从而得到形貌可控的纤维膜材料。
静电纺结束后至于室温下静置2~4h,得到含有无机纳米颗粒微观形态不同的静电纺复合膜。
采用上述方法得到的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜,微观形态具有稳定棕丝网状结构或拉丝芝士结构。
采用上述方法得到的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜,用于染料、大分子蛋白吸附过滤和微纳米颗粒的分离,过滤压力为0.01~0.3MPa,过滤方式为错流过滤。
本发明优点如下:
(1)本发明制备方法具有操作简单易行,可操控性强以及成膜率高的特点。
(2)通过调整聚合物质量浓度以及添加剂配比即可得到不同微观形态的静电纺复合膜,省去了其他交联或高温等繁杂的改性操作。该膜孔隙率高比表面积大,水通量高,且添加的无机纳米颗粒分布均匀,其微纳米孔结构提升了膜的吸附能力,在过滤膜方面具有很大的应用潜力。
(3)通过温控设备调节控制面板的温度,可以灵活的控制静电纺纤维的固液相分离过程,从而进一步达到控制静电纺复合膜微观形貌的目的。
附图说明
图1为静电纺复合膜制备工艺示意图;
图2为实施例1纤维膜的SEM图;
图3为实施例3中复合膜的截面SEM图;
图4为实施例3中复合膜的表面SEM图;
图5为实施例3中复合膜对酸性蓝的吸附过滤曲线图;
图6为对比实施例1纤维膜的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例(设备装置见图1),进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备,具体步骤为:
1)将1.8g聚丙烯腈溶解于15mL丙酮/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)混合液中,其中,丙酮与DMAc的体积比为2:3,将混合溶液置于60℃水浴恒温磁力搅拌2.5h,直至得到均一透明聚合物溶液。
2)待得到均一透明聚合物溶液后,称取0.18g研磨细腻的二氧化硅粉末加入聚合物溶液中,继续60℃超声搅拌30min。
3)搅拌结束后,静置消泡30min导入注射筒内开始静电纺丝,静电纺丝参数设置为:接收距离15cm,电压14kV,相对湿度45%,进液速度为2.5mL/h,接收面板温度控制为50℃,纺丝结束后室温静置4h稳定成型。
图2为本实施例纤维膜的SEM图,从图中可见:纤维之间相互搭接形成的孔径尺寸约为5-10μm,由于实施例1中的纤维膜的孔隙较大,因此截留率只有60%-80%。对于传统的静电纺纤维膜,一般可作为预处理过滤材料使用。
实施例2
一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备,具体步骤为:
1)称取5.04g聚醚砜溶解于20mL乙醇/三氯甲烷混合液中,其中乙醇与三氯甲烷的体积比为1:9,将混合溶液至于50℃水浴恒温磁力搅拌2.0h,直至得到均一透明聚合物溶液。
2)待得到均一透明聚合物溶液后,称取0.52g研磨细腻的二氧化钛粉末加入聚合物溶液中,继续50℃超声搅拌30min。
3)搅拌结束后,静置消泡30min后导入注射筒内开始静电纺丝,纺丝参数设置为:接收距离10cm,电压15kV,相对湿度45%,进液速度为1mL/h,接收面板温度控制为60℃,纺丝结束后室温静置2h稳定成型。
实施例3
一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备,具体步骤为:
1)分别将0.85g和1.8g醋酸纤维素(CA)溶解于10mL丙酮/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)混合液中,其中,丙酮与DMAc的体积比为1:1,将混合溶液至于60℃水浴恒温磁力搅拌2.5h,直至得到均一透明聚合物溶液。
2)待得到均一透明聚合物溶液后,分别称取0.0042g和0.023g研磨细腻的活性炭粉末分别加入聚合物溶液中,继续60℃超声搅拌30min。
3)搅拌结束后,静置消泡30min后分别导入注射筒内得到静电纺丝液a和静电纺丝液b。
4)先将静电纺纺丝液b进行纺丝,纺丝参数设置为:接收距离15cm,电压14kV,相对湿度45%,进液速度为2.5mL/h,接收面板温度控制为30℃。
5)再将静电纺丝液a进行喷雾,参数设置为:接收距离15cm,电压20kv,相对湿度36%,温度26.5℃,进液速度为2mL/h,接收面板温度控制为70℃,纺丝结束后室温静置4h稳定成型。
6)本实施例制得静电纺复合膜的SEM扫描电镜见图3和图4,因为静电纺纺丝液b的浓度较大,且接收面板温度控制较低,所以溶剂挥发较慢且易发生融塌再粘结,当静电纺丝液b纺制结束,用静电纺丝液a进行喷雾时,因为静电纺纺丝液a浓度较小,所以能够以雾滴的形式喷射在接收面板上,而此时的接收面板温度上调至70℃,致使接近表面的纤维和雾滴中的溶剂挥发较快,雾滴结合成面与纤维交织,达到改变微观形貌的目的。
7)本实施例制得的基膜对于酸性蓝染料吸附过滤曲线见图5。
图5为复合膜的对酸性蓝的吸附过滤曲线图;截留率可以达到96%(根据膜和该膜的染料过滤数据计算得到)。
对比实施例1
与实施例1中所有条件都一样,只是最后一步没有接收面板温度控制,为普通接收装置接收,纺丝结束后室温静置6~8h。图6纤维SEM形貌图为没有经过温控而接收的纤维,纤维明显的有溶塌粘粘。
Claims (10)
1.一种溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法步骤如下:
步骤1:将聚合物材料溶解于溶剂中,搅拌溶解配置成聚合物溶液;
步骤2:将无机纳米颗粒研磨细腻添加到聚合物溶液中,配置成静电纺纺丝液;
步骤3:将步骤2所得的静电纺纺丝液超声后静置;
步骤4:将步骤3所得的超声均匀的纺丝液导入注射器内开始静电纺丝,并通过温控设备调节控制接收面板的温度,纺丝结束后静置。
2.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述聚合物为醋酸纤维素、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚己内酯、聚乳酸、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、聚苯醚或聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯中的任意一种或几种;所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲酸、丙醇、异丙醇、六氟异丙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷、甲基乙基酮、甲乙酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙酸丙酯、乙酸甲酯、异丁酯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、或乙酸中的任意一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述聚合物溶液中聚合物的质量浓度为8~28%,溶解温度为50~80℃,搅拌溶解时间为2~8h;聚合物溶液粘度范围在1~1500mPa·s。
4.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述无机纳米颗粒为活性炭、石墨烯、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、粘土、沸石或水滑石中的任意一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述静电纺纺丝液中无机纳米颗粒在聚合物溶液中的质量分数为0.5~10%。
6.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述静电纺纺丝液的超声时间为5~60min;静置的时间为0.5~2h。
7.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述静电纺丝进液速度为0.5~3mL/h;纺丝电压为10~30kV;纺丝过程湿度为30~60%;接丝距离为10~25cm;通过温控设备将接收面板温度控制在30~100℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述静电纺结束后至于室温下静置2~4h,得到含有无机纳米颗粒的静电纺复合膜。
9.一种如权利要求1~8所述方法制备的溶喷式热固成型静电纺复合膜,其特征在于,所述静电纺复合膜微观形态具有稳定棕丝网状结构或拉丝芝士结构。
10.一种如权利要求1~8所述方法制备的静电纺复合膜的应用,其特征在于,所述静电纺复合膜用于染料、大分子蛋白吸附过滤和微纳米颗粒的分离,过滤压力为0.01~0.3MPa,过滤方式为错流过滤。
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