CN110384818A - 一种藻酸盐敷料 - Google Patents
一种藻酸盐敷料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110384818A CN110384818A CN201910689717.4A CN201910689717A CN110384818A CN 110384818 A CN110384818 A CN 110384818A CN 201910689717 A CN201910689717 A CN 201910689717A CN 110384818 A CN110384818 A CN 110384818A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- alginate
- dressing
- collagen
- manganese dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
- A61F13/01021—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种藻酸盐敷料,该藻酸盐敷料是由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层、液体硅橡胶层,各层间通过物理化学作用相互粘结为类似单层结构的藻酸盐敷料层;制备工艺简单,使用方便。其中,胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层是以生物高分子材料采用3D打印技术获得的藻酸盐膜基体吸附鱼鳞胶原蛋白酶解液获得;二氧化锰层是通过包吞二氧化锰的环糊精溶液的涂覆获得;液体硅橡胶层是以载银聚乙烯亚胺和液体硅橡胶混合硫化获得;层与层间具有协同作用使该敷料不仅具有优异的吸水抗菌性能,还能为伤口提供氧气和营养物质,为伤口愈合提供适宜的微环境,促进伤口的愈合,缩短愈合周期,给患者减轻痛苦。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗用品领域,具体涉及一种藻酸盐敷料。
背景技术
皮肤为人体提供保护作用,一旦皮肤受伤后,会对身体机能造成很大影响;因此皮肤受伤后,需要采用敷料对创口进行保护处理,避免创口受到感染;而氧在创口的愈合过程中具有重要作用:一方面抑制厌氧细菌的生长;另一方面促进细胞的的再生;而创口会存在因缺氧而不利于创口愈合的问题,通过外界供氧可以改善此问题,然而目前的敷料为了达到保护创口的目的而阻碍了创口与外界的气体交换,而达不到为创口额外补充氧气的效果,而使创口愈合缓慢。
藻酸盐作为一种生物高分子材料,具有无毒、可生物降解和良好的生物相容性,使其被广泛应用于医用敷料,其良好的吸湿保证了对创口渗出液的高效吸附,同时还具有一定的止血作用,但藻酸盐敷料因其自身的机械强度弱,且易黏连创口,在清除敷料时对创口易造成二次伤害;同时单纯的藻酸盐不具有杀菌抑菌的作用,通常需要向敷料添加杀菌剂,杀菌剂直接与皮肤接触,会对皮肤造成一定的负面影响,如具有杀菌作用的银离子会随着血液进入人体,一时间过量的银离子进入人体会造成身体内的银过量而引发中毒;因此需要避免杀菌剂与皮肤直接接触或使杀菌剂在敷料中具有缓释性。
液体硅橡胶作为一种无毒、无味具有良好生理惰性的材料在医疗领域受到广泛关注,医用注射型的液体硅橡胶在制作人体器官领域受到研究,如制作人工脑膜、人工鼻梁、人工下领、人工乳房、人工辜丸等;因此液体硅橡胶也可作为创口敷料成为创口皮肤的替代品为机体提供屏障,而目前将其用于创口敷料的应用较少。
因此,本发明提供了一种由胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层构成的藻酸盐敷料,该敷料可以替代创口皮肤,不仅能为创口提供屏障作用,还具有优异的抑菌性能,与医用过氧化氢配合使用,能为创口补充氧气,促进创口愈合。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种藻酸盐敷料,该敷料具有优异的止血抑菌作用,不黏连创口,同时能为创口提供氧气和营养物质,为创口愈合提供适宜的微环境,促进创口的愈合,解决了目前创口敷料仅具有保护和抑菌作用而不能为创口愈合提供充足氧气以及促进创口愈合的问题;
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是:
一种藻酸盐敷料,由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层,所述的二氧化锰层填充在胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层之间;所述的二氧化锰层的厚度为0.1-0.3mm;所述的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的厚度为3-5mm;所述的液体硅橡胶层的厚度为1.9-2.7mm;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的制备:
1)将鱼鳞清洗除杂干燥后,放入粉碎机中粉粹至粉末,向鱼鳞粉末中加入醋酸溶液,搅拌反应12-24h,过滤获得鱼鳞滤料和滤液,用醋酸溶液洗涤鱼鳞滤料1-3次,洗涤液一并转入滤液中,待用;
2)取1)中洗涤后的鱼鳞滤料加热至90℃,灭菌5-10min,冷却后向其中加入醋酸溶液和胃蛋白酶溶液的混合物,36-37℃下反应24-36h后,向其中加入碳酸氢钠溶液调节体系的pH为5.0-7.0,离心分离获得上清液胶原蛋白酶解液,待用;
3)将海藻酸盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸和芦荟胶混合物分散于去离子水中,加热至60-70℃搅拌溶解获得混合液,冷却获得打印液,采用3D打印技术获得湿凝胶薄膜,而后将湿凝胶薄膜浸入1)中获得的滤液中,陈化12-24h后于冷冻干燥箱中冷冻干燥获得海藻酸盐薄膜;
4)将步骤3)中的海藻酸盐薄膜浸入步骤2)中的胶原蛋白酶解液中,浸泡24-48h,取出海藻酸盐薄膜于真空干燥箱中35-37℃干燥即可获得胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层;
(2)二氧化锰层的制备:
将环糊精溶解于去离子水中,于50-60℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,配制成环糊精溶液,向其中加入二氧化锰粉体,超声分散均匀,获得环糊精混合液,待用;
(3)液体硅橡胶层的制备:
1)将聚乙烯亚胺分散于去离子水中形成聚乙烯亚胺溶液,向其中加入可溶性银盐,50-60℃下搅拌反应12-16h,获得负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液;
2)将气相纳米SiO2分散于负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,超声分散均匀,而后与液体硅橡胶搅拌共混获得共混胶;向共混胶中加入硫化剂搅拌均匀于硫化机上进行模压硫化,即可获得液体硅橡胶层;
(4)藻酸盐敷料的制备:
将硅橡胶层平铺于模具中,向其上层用刷子刷涂步骤(2)中的环糊精混合液,而后将胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层平铺于刷涂层上,经挤压干燥成型后即可获得藻酸盐敷料。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述的鱼鳞粉和醋酸溶液的质量体积比为1g∶30-38mL,所述的醋酸溶液的质量百分浓度为3-5wt%。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述的胃蛋白酶的加入量为鱼鳞滤料重量的1-3%;所述的胃蛋白酶溶液的浓度800-1000mg/L,所述的胃蛋白酶溶液的加入体积是醋酸溶液体积的3倍。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述的海藻酸盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸和芦荟胶的重量比为2∶1∶0.5-1∶0.5-1。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述的环糊精溶液的质量百分浓度为1.5-3wt%;二氧化锰粉体与环糊精重量比为0.01-0.05∶1,所述的二氧化锰粉体的粒径为400-500目。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述的聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度为4-12wt%;所述的可溶性银盐为硝酸银,所述的硝酸银与聚乙烯亚胺的重量比为1∶1。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述的气相纳米SiO2为氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2,所述的气相纳米SiO2的加入量与液体硅橡胶的重量比为1-10∶100。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述的聚乙烯亚胺与液体硅橡胶的重量比为0.5-1∶1。
进一步地,所述的藻酸盐敷料使用时,胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与皮肤接触。
进一步地,藻酸盐敷料与医用过氧化氢溶液配合使用;
包括向藻酸盐敷料上滴加医用过氧化氢溶液后敷于皮肤创口表面或先对皮肤创口采用医用过氧化氢清洗后再敷藻酸盐敷料。
本发明藻酸盐敷料制备过程中,胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层以及液体硅橡胶层不仅通过物理作用粘附,各层之间的化学物质之间通过氢键作用键合,提高了层与层之间的连接紧密性,各层之间相互支撑,在使用方便性上达到了单层结构的效果,液体硅橡胶层提高了胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层的机械强度,避免更换敷料时出现敷料残留黏连皮肤的现象,保证了后期使用过程中的敷料的简便、清洁性;与医用过氧化氢溶液配合使用时,胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层吸收的过氧化氢逐渐与缓释的二氧化锰接触,在二氧化锰催化作用下释放氧气,释放的氧气贮存于孔隙结构中,缓慢释放,在创口周围氧气不足时,为创口补充氧气,提供有氧环境,促进创口愈合;同时外层的液体硅橡胶层具有致密的网状结构,起到良好的肌肤屏障作用,阻止粉尘、细菌、水分等物质侵染创口。
本发明敷料以吸水性高分子材料海藻酸盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸、芦荟胶为原料获得基体海藻酸盐薄膜层,而后吸附浓缩鱼鳞胶原蛋白酶解液获得胶原蛋白/海藻酸盐层,该层不仅具有良好的吸水保湿功能,还具有天然抗菌、促进创口愈合以及美肤的作用;其中的胶原蛋白来源于鱼鳞,鱼鳞中胶原蛋白等营养成分通过藻酸盐薄膜层吸附浓缩而沉积于薄膜层结构上,其中不仅包含了一些活性肽还包含了一些小分子的氨基酸类;薄膜层交联剂为鱼鳞中溶出的钙离子以及铁、锌等一些微量元素离子,鱼鳞中的营养成分得到了充分利用,其中的营养成分通过物理或化学作用包覆于薄膜结构中,具有良好的存在稳定性;芦荟胶从天然草本植物“芦荟”中萃取而得,纯度高,天然无毒副作用,具有很好的消炎杀菌美容功效,同时芦荟胶还有激活细胞活力、收敛、调和皮肤以及滋养皮肤的作用;芦荟胶与羧甲基壳聚糖的杀菌作用相互协同增强,提高藻酸盐薄膜层的天然杀菌消炎功能;透明质酸作为一种酸性粘多糖,不仅具有特殊的保水保湿作用,还具有良好的透皮吸收促进作用,促进皮肤对胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层中的氨基酸、小分子肽等营养物质以及消炎类小分子的吸收,促进创口皮肤的愈合修复;同时透明质酸具有一定的润滑作用,其和海藻酸盐复合不仅提高了敷料的吸水保湿性,还可形成一层润滑膜而促进敷料与创口脱层,使敷料层易于从肌肤表面清除,避免了敷料与皮肤粘连造成二次伤害的发生。
本发明的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层采用3D打印技术制备获得,胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层中各原料间配比合理,保证采用3D打印技术能打印成膜,且层的厚度、形状可以根据需要进行调节,满足不同创口形状的需求;
本发明的二氧化锰层是将包吞有二氧化锰的环糊精刷涂形成的,一方面环糊精起到连接胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层的作用,提高层与层间的粘合度,另一方面使二氧化锰缓释,控制二氧化锰与过氧化氢溶液的接触时间,而获得缓释的氧气,提高氧气的存在时间;
本发明的液体硅橡胶层由负载银离子的聚乙烯亚胺和液体硅橡胶复合获得,银离子和聚乙烯亚胺均具有一定的抗菌作用,但过量的银离子进入血液中会存在银离子中毒的风险,本发明中通过络合配位作用将银离子负载于聚乙烯亚胺分子链上,与聚乙烯亚胺起到了协同抑菌的作用,作为敷料的外层结构,银离子经过内层的藻酸盐层和二氧化锰层缓慢释放抑菌;起到长久抑菌的作用。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的藻酸盐敷料具有优异的吸水性和较广泛和长久的天然抑菌止血性能,不会对人体造成伤害,藻酸盐敷料中天然抗菌剂与抗菌银离子具有协同抗菌的效果,且银离子具有缓释作用,不会因一时浓度过大给人体带来副作用;
本发明的藻酸盐敷料制备工艺简单,使用方便,能为创口愈合提供充足的氧气和营养物质,促进创口愈合,缩短创口愈合周期;
本发明的藻酸盐敷料易于从创口清除,不易粘连皮肤而给创口造成二次伤害,同时还具有一定的美肤作用,避免创口愈合留疤。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种藻酸盐敷料,由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层,其中,二氧化锰层填充在胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层之间;二氧化锰层的厚度为0.1mm;胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的厚度为3mm;液体硅橡胶层的厚度为2.7mm;使用时藻酸盐敷料与医用过氧化氢配合使用,其中的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与皮肤接触,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的制备:
1)将鱼鳞清洗除杂干燥后,放入粉碎机中粉粹至粉末,向10g鱼鳞粉末中加入300mL5wt%醋酸溶液,搅拌反应24h,过滤获得鱼鳞滤料和滤液,用醋酸溶液洗涤鱼鳞滤料1-3次,洗涤液一并转入滤液中,待用;
2)取1)中洗涤后的鱼鳞滤料加热至90℃,灭菌5-10min,冷却后向其中加入3wt%醋酸溶液和800mg/L胃蛋白酶溶液的混合物,36-37℃下反应36h后,向其中加入碳酸氢钠溶液调节体系的pH为5.0-7.0,离心分离上清液获得胶原蛋白酶解液,待用;其中,胃蛋白酶的加入量为鱼鳞滤料重量的3%;醋酸溶液加入体积是胃蛋白溶液体积的1/3倍;
3)将20g海藻酸盐、10g羧甲基壳聚糖、5g透明质酸和5g芦荟胶混合物分散于1000mL去离子水中,加热至60-70℃搅拌溶解获得混合液,冷却获得打印液,采用3D打印技术获得湿凝胶薄膜,而后将湿凝胶薄膜浸入1)中获得的滤液中,陈化12h后于冷冻干燥箱中冷冻干燥获得海藻酸盐薄膜;
4)将步骤3)中的海藻酸盐薄膜浸入步骤2)中的胶原蛋白酶解液中,浸泡35h,取出海藻酸盐膜于真空干燥箱中35-37℃干燥即可获得胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层;
(2)二氧化锰层的制备:
将环糊精溶解于去离子水中,于50-60℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,配制成1.5wt%环糊精溶液,向其中加入400-500目粒径的二氧化锰粉体,超声分散均匀,获得环糊精混合液,待用;其中,二氧化锰粉体加入量为环糊精重量的1%。
(3)液体硅橡胶层的制备:
1)将聚乙烯亚胺分散于去离子水中形成4wt%聚乙烯亚胺溶液,向其中加入与聚乙烯亚胺等质量的可溶性银盐,50℃下搅拌反应16h,获得负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液;
2)将氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2分散于负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,超声分散均匀,而后与液体硅橡胶搅拌共混获得共混胶;向共混胶中加入硫化剂搅拌均匀于硫化机上进行模压硫化,即可获得液体硅橡胶层;其中,氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2的加入量与液体硅橡胶的重量比为1∶100;
其中聚乙烯亚胺与液体硅橡胶的重量比为0.5∶1。
(4)藻酸盐敷料的制备:
将硅橡胶层平铺于模具中,向其上层用刷子刷涂步骤(2)中的环糊精混合液,而后将胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层平铺于刷涂层上,经挤压干燥成型后即可获得藻酸盐敷料。
实施例2
一种藻酸盐敷料,由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层,其中,二氧化锰层填充在胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层之间;二氧化锰层的厚度为0.2mm;胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的厚度为4mm;液体硅橡胶层的厚度为2.2mm;使用时藻酸盐敷料与医用过氧化氢配合使用,其中的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与皮肤接触,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的制备:
1)将鱼鳞清洗除杂干燥后,放入粉碎机中粉粹至粉末,向10g鱼鳞粉末中加入340mL4wt%醋酸溶液,搅拌反应18h,过滤获得鱼鳞滤料和滤液,用醋酸溶液洗涤鱼鳞滤料1-3次,洗涤液一并转入滤液中,待用;
2)取1)中洗涤后的鱼鳞滤料加热至90℃,灭菌5-10min,冷却后向其中加入4wt%醋酸溶液和900mg/L胃蛋白酶溶液的混合物,36-37℃下反应30h后,向其中加入碳酸氢钠溶液调节体系的pH为5.0-7.0,离心分离上清液获得胶原蛋白酶解液,待用;其中,胃蛋白酶的加入量为鱼鳞滤料重量的2%;醋酸溶液加入体积是胃蛋白溶液体积的1/3倍;
3)将20g海藻酸盐、10g羧甲基壳聚糖、7.5g透明质酸和7.5g芦荟胶混合物分散于1000mL去离子水中,加热至60-70℃搅拌溶解获得混合液,冷却获得打印液,采用3D打印技术获得湿凝胶薄膜,而后将凝胶薄膜浸入1)中获得的滤液中,陈化18h后于冷冻干燥箱中冷冻干燥获得海藻酸盐薄膜;
4)将步骤3)中的海藻酸盐薄膜浸入步骤2)中的胶原蛋白酶解液中,浸泡24-48h,取出海藻酸盐膜于真空干燥箱中35-37℃干燥即可获得胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层;
(2)二氧化锰层的制备:
将环糊精溶解于去离子水中,于50-60℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,配制成2.25wt%环糊精溶液,向其中加入400-500目粒径的二氧化锰粉体,超声分散均匀,获得环糊精混合液,待用;其中,二氧化锰粉体加入量为环糊精重量的3%。
(3)液体硅橡胶层的制备:
1)将聚乙烯亚胺分散于去离子水中形成8wt%聚乙烯亚胺溶液,向其中加入与聚乙烯亚胺等质量的可溶性银盐,50℃下搅拌反应14h,获得负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液;
2)将氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2分散于负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,超声分散均匀,而后与液体硅橡胶搅拌共混获得共混胶;向共混胶中加入硫化剂搅拌均匀于硫化机上进行模压硫化,即可获得液体硅橡胶层;其中,氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2的加入量与液体硅橡胶的重量比为5.5∶100;
其中,聚乙烯亚胺与液体硅橡胶的重量比为0.75∶1。
(4)藻酸盐敷料的制备:
将硅橡胶层平铺于模具中,向其上层用刷子刷涂步骤(2)中的环糊精混合液,而后将胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层平铺于刷涂层上,经挤压干燥成型后即可获得藻酸盐敷料。
实施例3
一种藻酸盐敷料,由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层,其中,二氧化锰层填充在胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层之间;二氧化锰层的厚度为0.3mm;胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的厚度为5mm;液体硅橡胶层的厚度为1.8mm;使用时藻酸盐敷料与医用过氧化氢配合使用,其中的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与皮肤接触,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的制备:
1)将鱼鳞清洗除杂干燥后,放入粉碎机中粉粹至粉末,向10g鱼鳞粉末中加入380mL3wt%醋酸溶液,搅拌反应12h,过滤获得鱼鳞滤料和滤液,用醋酸溶液洗涤鱼鳞滤料1-3次,洗涤液一并转入滤液中,待用;
2)取1)中洗涤后的鱼鳞滤料加热至90℃,灭菌5-10min,冷却后向其中加入3wt%醋酸溶液和1000mg/L胃蛋白酶溶液的混合物,36-37℃下反应24h后,向其中加入碳酸氢钠溶液调节体系的pH为5.0-7.0,离心分离上清液获得胶原蛋白酶解液,待用;其中,胃蛋白酶的加入量为鱼鳞滤料重量的3%;醋酸溶液加入体积是胃蛋白溶液体积的1/3倍;
3)将20g海藻酸盐、10g羧甲基壳聚糖、10g透明质酸和10g芦荟胶混合物分散于1000mL去离子水中,加热至60-70℃搅拌溶解获得混合液,冷却获得打印液,采用3D打印技术获得湿凝胶薄膜,而后将凝胶薄膜浸入1)中获得的滤液中,陈化24h后于冷冻干燥箱中冷冻干燥获得海藻酸盐薄膜;
4)将步骤3)中的海藻酸盐薄膜浸入步骤2)中的胶原蛋白酶解液中,浸泡24-48h,取出海藻酸盐膜于真空干燥箱中35-37℃干燥即可获得胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层;
(2)二氧化锰层的制备:
将环糊精溶解于去离子水中,于50-60℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,配制成3wt%环糊精溶液,向其中加入400-500目粒径的二氧化锰粉体,超声分散均匀,获得环糊精混合液,待用;其中,二氧化锰粉体加入量为环糊精重量的5%。
(3)液体硅橡胶层的制备:
1)将聚乙烯亚胺分散于去离子水中形成12wt%聚乙烯亚胺溶液,向其中加入与聚乙烯亚胺等质量的可溶性银盐,60℃下搅拌反应12h,获得负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液;
2)将氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2分散于负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,超声分散均匀,而后与液体硅橡胶搅拌共混获得共混胶;向共混胶中加入硫化剂搅拌均匀于硫化机上进行模压硫化,即可获得液体硅橡胶层;其中,氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2的加入量与液体硅橡胶的重量比为10∶100;
其中,聚乙烯亚胺与液体硅橡胶的重量比为1∶1。
(4)藻酸盐敷料的制备:
将硅橡胶层平铺于模具中,向其上层用刷子刷涂步骤(2)中的环糊精混合液,而后将胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层平铺于刷涂层上,经挤压干燥成型后即可获得藻酸盐敷料。
藻酸盐敷料的使用:向藻酸盐敷料上滴加医用过氧化氢溶液后敷于皮肤创口表面或先对皮肤创口采用医用过氧化氢清洗后再敷藻酸盐敷料。
对比例1
对比例1制备获得藻酸盐敷料的制备方法与实施例3基本相同,不同之处在于胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层用纯的海藻酸盐制备获得;
对比例2
对比例2制备获得藻酸盐敷料的制备方法与实施例3基本相同,不同之处在于透明质酸用等量的海藻酸盐替代;
对比例3
对比例3制备获得藻酸盐敷料的制备方法与实施例3基本相同,不同之处在于二氧化锰层采用医用胶将二氧化锰粉体层粘贴于胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与液体硅橡胶层之间;制备过程中层与层之间粘结性较差,结合不够紧密,会存在二氧化锰粉体脱落的现象;
对比例4
对比例4制备获得藻酸盐敷料的制备方法与实施例3基本相同,不同之处在于液体硅橡胶层的制备中聚乙烯亚胺未负载银离子;
对比例5
对比例5制备获得藻酸盐敷料的制备方法与实施例3基本相同,不同之处在于液体硅橡胶层为纯的液体硅橡胶层;
性能测试
将实施例1-3制备好的藻酸盐敷料的各项性能进行检测,检测项目及参照方法及检测结果如表1所示。
表1藻酸盐敷料的性能检测结果
检测项目 | 检测方法 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
液体吸收量/% | YY/T0471.1-2004 | 1123 | 1278 | 1300 |
断裂强度/N | GB/T24218.3-2010 | 89.4 | 93.8 | 98.8 |
断裂拉伸率/% | GB/T24218.3-2010 | 68.9 | 73.4 | 75.3 |
剥离强度/N/cm | YY/T0148-2006 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
粘连程度 | GB/T14233.2-2005 | 未粘连 | 未粘连 | 未粘连 |
细胞毒性 | GB/T14233.2-2005 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
致敏性 | GB/T16886.10-2005 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
皮内反应 | GB/T16886.10-2005 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
全身急性毒性 | GB/T16886.11-2011 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
由表1可知,本发明制备获得藻酸盐敷料具有良好的吸水性能、良好的抗断裂能力,良好的粘附能力等优异的性能,且对人体无害,满足医药卫生用品的标准。
抗菌性测试
将实施例1-3所制备的藻酸盐敷料和对比例1-5所制备的敷料的对几种医院细菌(包括金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿浓杆菌和白色念珠菌)进行抑菌试验;对以上几种菌种的抑菌结果如表2所示。
表2敷料对几种医院菌的抑菌率
由表2可知,本发明实施例1-3制备获得藻酸盐敷料对金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿浓杆菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌率均达到了90%以上,表现出优异的抑菌效果,而对比例1-5获得敷料对以上菌种的抑菌率低于实施例3,且对于不同的菌种,抑菌率变化存在差异,对比例1、对比例4和对比例5对五种菌的抑菌率相较于实施例3降低较明显,说明了胶原蛋白/海藻酸盐层中的天然抑菌成分芦荟胶、羧甲基壳聚糖以及透明质酸与液体硅橡胶层中的聚乙烯亚胺和银离子的抑菌作用具有协同效果,且每种成分对不同的菌种的抑菌情况存在差异,即每种抑菌成分具有其主要的抑制菌种种类。
粘贴黏连性测试
将实施例1-3制备获得藻酸盐敷料和对比例1-5制备的敷料剪切成5cm×5cm块状若干,分别敷于去除外界皮毛的带有创口大小为2cm×2cm的鲜猪皮表面1h后,将敷料层从猪皮表面取下,记录取下的难易程度以及观察记录猪皮表面创口处敷料的残留情况,记录结果如表3所示。
表3敷料对具创伤鲜猪皮的粘连情况
样品 | 敷料取下难易程度 | 粘连性 | 创口敷料的残留情况 |
实施例1 | 易 | 无粘连 | 无 |
实施例2 | 易 | 无粘连 | 无 |
实施例3 | 易 | 无粘连 | 无 |
对比例1 | 难 | 粘连 | 残留多 |
对比例2 | 难 | 粘连 | 残留较多 |
对比例3 | 较难 | 轻微粘连 | 少残留 |
对比例4 | 较易 | 无粘连 | 无 |
对比例5 | 较易 | 无粘连 | 无 |
由表3可知,本发明实施例1-3制备获得敷料贴敷于新鲜猪皮上时,均较易取下,不会粘连创口,无敷料残留,说明本发明的敷料较易从创口清除,不粘连创口,不会对创口造成二次伤害;而对比例1-2中的敷料有粘连创口的现象发生,且不易从创口取下,说明了单独的海藻酸盐凝胶机械强度较各高分子材料间相互作用形成的凝胶的机械强度差,且透明质酸会起到一定的润滑作用,形成一层润滑膜而促进敷料与创口脱层,使敷料易于取下,且无残留;对比例3、4、5是由于敷料层与层间结合不紧密,造成取下敷料时出现断层现象,而由于内层的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层未发生改变,其对猪皮的粘连情况以及敷料残留情况不明显;说明了本发明的敷料各层原料配合合理且层与层间结合紧密而保证敷料的良好的机械性能以及不易粘连皮肤对皮肤造成二次伤害。
动物创口愈合实验
取家兔64只(健康状况良好,体重为2-3kg)分为8组,每组8只,将兔子背部预留5cm×5cm的去除背毛的部位,消毒后,用手术刀在其背部作1cm×1cm的创口,使用本发明实施例1-3和对比例1-5制备获得敷料对创口进行处理,将敷料滴加等量的过氧化氢溶液后贴敷于不同家兔的创口表面,每天更换敷料两次,直至实施例1-3制备的敷料贴敷的家兔的创口愈合为止,统计记录家兔创面的感染和愈合情况,结果如表4,其中,创面愈合率(%)=(原始创面面积-未愈合创面面积)/原始创面面积。
表4动物创面愈合及感染情况
由表4可知,本发明实施例1-3制备获得敷料具有控制创面感染的作用,创面的愈合时间短,愈合后创面基本无疤痕,而对比例1、4、5制备获得敷料的作用的创面存在感染的问题,且愈合时间延长,愈合后创面有疤痕,且对比例1作用的创面疤痕明显,说明本发明的敷料具有协同抑菌作用,且具有避免创口留疤的作用;同时,第一次贴敷的敷料从创口取下时,实施例1-3的敷料取下容易,且不存在敷料断裂和粘连创口的情况,各敷料从创口取下的情况与表3中敷料对新鲜猪皮的粘连情况相一致。
综上,本发明藻酸盐敷料各层间具有紧密的结合结构,各层的原料间配比合理,且含有促进创口愈合的营养成分以及为创口愈合补充适量的氧气,使本发明的藻酸盐敷料不仅具有良好的吸水性,优异的抗菌性和较强的机械强度,不会对人体造成伤害,符合医用卫生用品的检测标准,还具有促进创口愈合作用,同时不粘连创口,不会给创口造成二次伤害,缩短了创口的愈合周期、避免创口留疤,减轻患者痛苦。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,由三层结构组成,包括胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层、二氧化锰层和液体硅橡胶层,所述的二氧化锰层填充在胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层和液体硅橡胶层之间;所述的二氧化锰层的厚度为0.1-0.3 mm;所述的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的厚度为3-5 mm;所述的液体硅橡胶层的厚度为1.9-2.7 mm;其制备方法包括以下步骤:
胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层的制备:
1)将鱼鳞清洗除杂干燥后,放入粉碎机中粉粹至粉末,向鱼鳞粉末中加入醋酸溶液,搅拌反应12-24 h,过滤获得鱼鳞滤料和滤液,用醋酸溶液洗涤鱼鳞滤料1-3次,洗涤液一并转入滤液中,待用;
2)取1)中洗涤后的鱼鳞滤料加热至90℃,灭菌5-10 min,冷却后向其中加入醋酸溶液和胃蛋白酶溶液的混合物,36-37℃下反应24-36 h后,向其中加入碳酸氢钠溶液调节体系的pH为5.0-7.0,离心分离获得上清液胶原蛋白酶解液,待用;
3)将海藻酸盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸和芦荟胶混合物分散于去离子水中,加热至60-70℃搅拌溶解获得混合液,冷却获得打印液,采用3D打印技术获得湿凝胶薄膜,而后将湿凝胶薄膜浸入1)中获得的滤液中,陈化12-24 h后于冷冻干燥箱中冷冻干燥获得海藻酸盐薄膜;
4)将步骤3)中的海藻酸盐薄膜浸入步骤2)中的胶原蛋白酶解液中,浸泡24-48 h,取出海藻酸盐膜于真空干燥箱中35-37℃干燥即可获得胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层;
(2)二氧化锰层的制备:
将环糊精溶解于去离子水中,于50-60℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,配制成环糊精溶液,向其中加入二氧化锰粉体,超声分散均匀,获得环糊精混合液,待用;
(3)液体硅橡胶层的制备:
1)将聚乙烯亚胺分散于去离子水中形成聚乙烯亚胺溶液,向其中加入可溶性银盐,50-60°C下搅拌反应12-16 h,获得负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液;
2)将气相纳米SiO2分散于负载银的聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,超声分散均匀,而后与液体硅橡胶搅拌共混获得共混胶;向共混胶中加入硫化剂搅拌均匀于硫化机上进行模压硫化,即可获得液体硅橡胶层;
(4)藻酸盐敷料的制备:
将液体硅橡胶层平铺于模具中,向其上层用刷子刷涂步骤(2)中的环糊精混合液,而后将胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层平铺于刷涂层上,经挤压干燥成型后即可获得藻酸盐敷料。
2.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的鱼鳞粉和醋酸溶液的质量体积比为1 g∶30-38 mL,所述的醋酸溶液的质量百分浓度为3-5wt%。
3.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的胃蛋白酶的加入量为鱼鳞滤料重量的1-3%;所述的胃蛋白酶溶液的浓度800-1000 mg/L,所述的胃蛋白酶溶液的加入体积是醋酸溶液体积的3倍。
4.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的海藻酸盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸和芦荟胶的重量比为2∶1∶0.5-1∶0.5-1。
5.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的环糊精溶液的质量百分浓度为1.5-3wt%;二氧化锰粉体与环糊精重量比为0.01-0.05∶1,所述的二氧化锰粉体的粒径为400-500目。
6.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度为4-12wt%;所述的可溶性银盐为硝酸银,所述的硝酸银与聚乙烯亚胺的重量比为1∶1。
7.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的气相纳米SiO2为氨基功能化气相纳米SiO2,所述的气相纳米SiO2的加入量与液体硅橡胶的重量比为1-10∶100。
8.如权利要求1所述的藻酸盐敷料,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的聚乙烯亚胺与液体硅橡胶的重量比为0.5-1∶1。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的藻酸盐敷料的应用,其特征在于,所述的胶原蛋白/藻酸盐层与皮肤接触。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的藻酸盐敷料的应用,其特征在于,藻酸盐敷料与医用过氧化氢溶液配合使用。
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