CN1103840C - 基于丙烯酸聚合物的防碎板 - Google Patents

基于丙烯酸聚合物的防碎板 Download PDF

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CN1103840C
CN1103840C CN97117790A CN97117790A CN1103840C CN 1103840 C CN1103840 C CN 1103840C CN 97117790 A CN97117790 A CN 97117790A CN 97117790 A CN97117790 A CN 97117790A CN 1103840 C CN1103840 C CN 1103840C
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A·L·斯塔思
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Abstract

基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸声防碎板，这些长丝置于相对于表面(在经受撞击表面对面)板总厚度的20-35%的距离内。

Description

基于丙烯酸聚合物的防碎板
技术领域
本发明涉及用作隔离层的基于丙烯酸聚合物的板材，该板材具有吸声和防碎性能。
本发明特别涉及高厚度(12-25mm，最好为15-20mm)的透明聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯板材，可用于汽车高速公路屏障、高架桥、桥梁等。
背景技术
众所周知，用于汽车高速公路吸声屏障的建筑物中，使用丙烯酸面板，而不是其它材料。
钝器具撞击面板时产生一个技术问题：由此生成碎片，而这些碎片落到路面上。
在高架桥和桥梁的情况下产生同样的问题，使昨对应于这些结构之下的人们或物体构成危险的情形。
已知借助于覆盖面板的网建立防止该碎片的防护栏。然而，网眼的尺寸必须宽，否则面板不再透明，这是这些面板实际应用中所必需的。在实践中使用的另一方法是使用大网眼的网，以提供一定的透明度。该技术性解决方法的缺点在于，这种方式的网的防碎效果降低。此外，由于网易于积累物质(例如灰尘、树叶等)而降低透明度，所以面板必须经常进行清洗，以维持一定的透明度。这需要取下网，因此增加了养护成本。
即使将网插入面板中，即使这样免除了上述的清洗操作，但在透明度方面产生同样的缺点。
由专利USP5,040,352已知基于丙烯酸树脂的透明防碎面板，它在面板大约中部含有塑料材料的线、纤维、带和网。特别是，由于它们与丙烯酸玻璃的粘合力差，因此上述适用于增强丙烯酸面板的材料是聚酰胺或聚丙烯单丝。
推荐的单丝直径为0.2-2mm。可以由薄膜或纤维构成的塑料带的宽度最好为5-25mm，厚度为0.2-2mm。
长丝之间或带之间的距离必须为10-100mm。
在大约面板中部插入的这些塑料材料的优点是，由于这些材料足够透明，因此减少了工艺上透明度较低的问题，避免了由于面板中的环境污染引起的清洗操作。防碎性能效果好。
该专利对于制造物件中线的放置描述的非常精细，除大小外，线的方向可以是垂直的或形成非90°的角。说明书和实施例部分都指出，这些线必须插入大约面板厚度方向的中部。
发明内容
本申请人意外地发现，这是本发明的目的，可以提供基于丙烯酸聚合物的吸声防碎板，其特征是该板包含放置于经受撞击表面对面的表面的塑料材料长丝，该长丝放置于板总厚度的20-35％的距离内。
本申请人进行的试验(参见实施例)表明，获得的防碎性能效果与在现有技术中描述的、将线置于板厚度方向中部的板一样好。
本发明的另一目的在于含有两个系列塑料长丝的防碎板，其长丝以上述同样距离置于板的两个表面附近。在这种情况下，我们注意到，与线置于大约中部的板相比，其防碎性能和耐冲击性能得到改进。由于本申请人进行的试验表明，如果在经受冲击的表面附近只用一个系列的线，那么防碎性能差，没有工业价值，因此该结果是意料之外的。
除塑料材料线外，也可以使用纤维、塑料带或塑料网。
在长丝中最好使用单丝。可以提到的单丝是聚酰胺单丝和聚丙烯单丝。单丝的直径一般为0.1-4mm，最好为2-3mm。带间的距离一般为10-100mm，带的大小为5-25mm，厚度等于单丝厚度。
按照本发明，最好使用单丝。
在最终的板材中可以清楚地看到所用的赋予防碎性能的线。
基于丙烯酸的本发明板材可以按照制备面板的常规技术，用不同的方法获得，最好是通过浇铸获得。
根据下述试验，具有本发明线的面板可以耐冲击能。试验A
将内部含有本发明线、大小为125mm×125mm、厚度为14-15mm的PMMA试样置于中部具有直径为90mm孔的方形支柱上。让直径为20mm、重155kg、具有不锈钢半球形冲头的重物落到板中部，根据试验厚度和材料的破裂能调整冲击能，使得试样真正破裂。
这样确定是否面板破裂而不产生碎片，即碎片由线保持。试验B
将内部含有本发明线的PMMA板获得的大小为250mm×250mm、厚度为14-15mm的试样置于边长为255mm、具有宽10mm的支架的方形支柱上。让直径为50mm、具有不锈钢半球形冲头的重物落到板中部(在实施例中表明了冲头的重量)，根据试样厚度和材料的破裂能调整冲击能，使得试样真正破裂。
本发明基于丙烯酸的聚合物是指MMA均聚物、MMA与低浓度的其它共聚单体(诸如(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯之类)的共聚物。共聚单体的量一般至多为10％(重量)。MMA均聚物或共聚物可以按照一般技术，通过聚合(例如通过本体聚合或通过悬浮液聚合)获得。通过加入适当的链转移剂例如巯醇类化合物来调整分子量。重均分子量MW通常可以为50,000-2,000,000。
通过共(挤塑)生产板材时聚合物的分子量最好为最低值；通过浇铸制备板材时，其分子量最好为最高值。
具体实施方式实施例1
按照试验A的条件，测试由浇铸PMMA板获得的厚度为15mm的试样，板中具有直径为2mm、相距大约30mm的聚酰胺线，距经受冲击的试验面11mm。用三个不同的冲击速率进行冲击试验：1.6m/秒、2m/秒、3m/秒。冲头撞击到两条线之间的板表面区域。
板的破裂能平均为1.2-2J/m(测试10个试样)。某些试样破裂为多个部分，由聚酰胺线保持在一起。相反，其它试样破裂为两个不同的部分，随后板的碎片由聚酰胺线保持在一起。仍有其它试样不破裂。实施例2
按照试验A的条件，测试由浇铸PMMA板获得的厚度为15mm的试样。板中具有直径为2mm、相距大约30mm平行的两个系列的聚酰胺线，距两个表面大约4mm。用以下冲击速率进行试验：1.6m/秒、2m/秒、3m/秒。与实施例描述的一样，冲头撞击到两条线之间的板上。板的破裂能平均为1.2-1.7J/m(测试10个试样)。某些试样破裂为多个部分，由聚酰胺线保持在一起。其它试样破裂为两个不同的部分，随后板的碎片由聚酰胺线保持在一起。由于由聚酰胺线保持在一起的不同碎片之间的距离平均低于具有同样厚度、在试样中部放置一个系列线的试样，因此无论如何，其防碎性能都比具有一个系列线的板好。其它试样不破裂。实施例3
按照试验B的条件，测试实施例2中获得的试样。让重4kg的重物从2m高处落下以进行测试。与实施例描述的一样，冲头撞击到两条线之间的板上。试样破裂为多个部分，由聚酰胺线保持在一起。与具有同样厚度、在试样中部放置一个系列线的板相比，其防碎性能无论如何都比较好。实际上在本实施例的条件下，由聚酰胺线保持在一起的不同碎片之间的平均距离较低。

Claims (9)

1.基于丙烯酸聚合物的吸声防碎板，其特征在于这种板含有塑料材料长丝，并置于经受撞击表面对面的表面，该长丝放置于板的总厚度的20-35％的距离内。
2.含有两个系列塑料材料长丝的吸声防碎板，长丝置于两个表面附近板总厚的20-35％的距离内。
3.根据权利要求1和2的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸专用防碎板，其中塑料材料线由纤维、塑料带或塑料网代替。
4.根据权利要求1和2的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸声防碎板，其中长丝由单丝组成。
5.根据权利要求4的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸专用防碎板，其中单丝选自聚酰胺和聚丙烯。
6.根据权利要求4-5的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸声防碎板，其中单丝的直径为0.1-4mm。
7.根据权利要求1-6的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸声防碎板，其中基于丙烯酸的聚合物是MMA均聚物、MMA与包括甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯的其它共聚单体的共聚物，共聚单体的量至多为10％重量。
8.根据权利要求7的基于丙烯酸聚合物的、含有塑料材料长丝的吸专用防碎板，其中基于丙烯酸的聚合物的重均分子量MW为50,000-2,000,000。
9.一种制备权利要求的吸声防碎板的方法，该方法包括通过浇铸来制备该吸声防碎板。
CN97117790A 1996-08-28 1997-08-26 基于丙烯酸聚合物的防碎板 Expired - Fee Related CN1103840C (zh)

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US5916676A (en) 1999-06-29
NO973906L (no) 1998-03-02
NO314849B1 (no) 2003-06-02
CN1174920A (zh) 1998-03-04
KR19980019040A (ko) 1998-06-05
ITMI961795A0 (zh) 1996-08-28
ITMI961795A1 (it) 1998-02-28
CA2214081A1 (en) 1998-02-28
NO973906D0 (no) 1997-08-26
IT1283844B1 (it) 1998-04-30
EP0826832A2 (en) 1998-03-04
EP0826832A3 (en) 1998-08-19

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