CN110375780B - OFDR broken fiber continuous connection measuring method - Google Patents
OFDR broken fiber continuous connection measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002168 optical frequency-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring OFDR broken fiber splicing, which comprises the following steps: respectively inscribing a first grating and a second grating at the head end and the tail end of the optical fiber sensing interval as marks; before the optical fiber is broken, acquiring data of the optical fiber OFDR curve as reference data; after fiber breakage and continuous connection, collecting the data of the optical fiber OFDR curve as data to be compared; selecting a first or a second grating as a reference mark according to the position of the optical fiber fracture, dividing data to be compared by windows with the same length as the grating from the position near the fracture, and performing discrete cross-correlation operation on the reference grating data and the data of each window, wherein the window with the largest correlation function value is the approximate position of the shifted grating; moving the window and the reference grating in a small range to perform cross-correlation operation, wherein the position where the correlation coefficient is larger than a set value is the accurate position of the shifted grating; and (3) supplementing points to the original sensing interval data according to the relative displacement of the reference optical fiber, and eliminating the deviation of the positions of the sensing points caused by the broken fiber splicing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a method for measuring OFDR broken fiber and continuous connection.
Background
With the development of optical communication technology, optical fiber sensing technology is gradually developed and gradually replaces the traditional sensing technology. The optical fiber sensing technology uses an optical fiber as a basic sensing element, and the sensing sensitivity and the measurement accuracy of the optical fiber sensing technology depend on the optical signal analysis technology to a large extent. As an optical analysis technology with advanced principle, the OFDR (optical frequency domain reflectometry) technology effectively solves the contradiction between the space resolution and the dynamic range of the OTDR technology, has higher measurement space resolution and sensitivity, and can be widely applied to temperature and strain sensing in the fields of civil engineering, medicine, aerospace, electric power and the like.
Strain measurement is one of the main sensing functions of OFDR technology. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result, the sensing optical fiber should be tightly attached to the structure to be measured, and the number of intermediate media is reduced as much as possible, so that the strain transmission efficiency is improved. Due to the complex construction environment and the severe use environment, the sensing optical fiber is easy to break in the process of burying or serving. Although the optical path can be recovered to be smooth by fusion repair, the position of the sensing section is shifted due to the length change of the optical fiber. According to the OFDR sensing principle, a sensing interval is divided into a plurality of windows, each window comprises a plurality of Rayleigh signal points at a plurality of positions, and strain/temperature change values are obtained through Rayleigh scattering spectrum movement obtained through cross-correlation operation of a reference signal window and a measurement signal window, so that the corresponding physical positions of the two signal windows are required to be completely consistent. The position corresponding to each Reyle signal point is in the micron order, and the shift of the positions of a plurality of signal points can be caused by the slight length change, so that the original reference is not suitable any more, the sensing measurement can not be carried out, and the influence is more obvious particularly in some high-spatial-resolution (such as 1mm) sensing measurement. In continuous multi-stage monitoring, the measurement termination caused by the breakage of the optical fiber means the failure of the whole monitoring process, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are wasted.
Based on the above analysis, to continue the sensing measurement under the original reference, the length compensation must be performed on the recovered optical fiber. However, the length of the optical fiber is easily affected by external temperature, strain and the like, and it is not accurate to use the tail end of the optical fiber as an identifier to determine the change of the length of the optical fiber, and an accurate length compensation method is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring OFDR broken fiber splicing, which can accurately compensate length deviation caused by the broken and spliced OFDR sensing measurement optical fiber so as to solve the problem that the measurement cannot be carried out continuously.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
there is provided a method of OFDR splice measurement, the method comprising the steps of:
a. respectively inscribing a first grating and a second grating at the head end and the tail end of the optical fiber sensing interval as marks;
b. before the optical fiber is broken, the OFDR curve data of the optical fiber is collected as reference data by matching with an OFDR device;
c. after fiber breakage and continuous connection, the OFDR curve data of the optical fiber is collected as data to be compared by matching with an OFDR device;
d. selecting a first or a second grating as a reference mark according to the fracture position of the optical fiber, dividing data to be compared by windows with the same length as the grating from the position near the fracture, and performing discrete cross-correlation operation on reference grating data acquired by an OFDR device and data of each window, wherein the window with the largest correlation function value is the approximate position of the shifted grating;
e. moving the window and the reference grating in a small range to perform cross-correlation operation, wherein the position where the correlation coefficient is larger than a set value is the accurate position of the shifted grating;
f. and (3) supplementing points to the original sensing interval data according to the relative displacement of the reference optical fiber, and eliminating the deviation of the positions of the sensing points caused by the broken fiber splicing.
According to the technical scheme, the position where the correlation coefficient is larger than 0.8 is the accurate position of the shifted grating.
According to the technical scheme, the first grating and the second grating are nonreciprocal weak reflection gratings, the geometric shapes of the first grating and the second grating are not bilaterally symmetrical, and the shapes of the first grating and the second grating are not consistent.
According to the technical scheme, the reflectivity of the first grating and the second grating is less than 1%, and the wavelength of the first grating and the second grating covers the scanning waveband of the OFDR system.
According to the technical scheme, the grating mark is selected according to the position of the optical fiber breakage, and the first grating is selected as the mark grating before the breakage is positioned in front of the first grating; the fracture is positioned between the first grating and the second grating, and the second grating is selected as the identification grating.
In connection with the above technical solution, the window length of the discrete cross-correlation operation is the same as the grating length.
According to the technical scheme, the small-range moving interval of the window is determined by the OFDR spatial resolution, and the magnitude is micrometer level.
According to the technical scheme, the relative displacement of the identification grating is the offset of the position of each sensing point.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for measuring the continuous connection of the broken fiber of the OFDR takes the grating as the identifier, and obtains the offset of the position of the grating through the discrete cross-correlation operation of the OFDR curves of the optical fiber before and after the fiber breakage. And supplementing points on the sensing interval according to the offset, so that the OFDR sensing measurement can be continuously and accurately carried out under the condition that the reference is not changed. The method effectively avoids measurement suspension caused by breakage of the sensing optical fiber, the length compensation accuracy reaches the micron level, the measurement accuracy is not influenced, the influence of the length change of the optical fiber is avoided, and the requirement of high-accuracy measurement in a severe engineering environment is completely met.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of OFDR break-make-and-make measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an OFDR curve of an optical fiber collected before a first grating is broken, before the first grating is broken, and after the first grating is spliced;
FIG. 3 is an OFDR curve for a first grating in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an OFDR curve for a second grating in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an OFDR curve of an optical fiber collected before and after the fiber is broken and spliced between the first and second gratings according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows the result of discrete cross-correlation operation in the process of determining the position shift of the grating according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
OFDR (optical frequency domain reflectometry) sensing is based on the rayleigh scattering signal in an optical fiber under the influence of unstrained temperature as a reference, and strain or temperature is acquired by measuring the shift of the signal relative to the reference signal spectrum. The OFDR curves of the optical fibers in the reference state and the measurement state are collected respectively, starting from the initial point of the selected sensing interval, the area formed by a plurality of points is used as a window to divide the whole sensing interval, cross-correlation operation is carried out after the corresponding windows of the reference signal and the measurement signal are converted into wavelength domains, and the shift of the position of the related peak represents the drift of the spectrum. When the length of the optical fiber changes, the position of each point shifts, each point in a window selected from the same starting point in the measurement signal does not correspond to the reference signal any more, and the cross-correlation operation fails.
The fiber grating has reflection characteristics for light with specific wavelength, and the OFDR curve of the fiber grating is a distinct and stable reflection peak. Using the grating as an identifier, obtaining the offset of the position of the grating after the splicing as delta L through cross-correlation operation, and then the number of the supplementary points in the sensing area section is as follows:
where Δ x is the OFDR spatial resolution. After point repairing, the front sensing area and the rear sensing area of the broken fiber are aligned end to end, the windows are in one-to-one correspondence, sensing is continued, and measuring precision is not affected.
In consideration of some problems that the OFDR system may have in measurement, some limitations need to be made on the identification grating. In order to avoid the receiving saturation of an OFDR system caused by overlarge reflectivity of the grating, a weak reflection grating with the reflectivity less than 1 percent is selected; in the OFDR measurement, random jitter of some signals exists, and a correlation number larger than 0.8 can be used as a standard for judging whether the positions of the gratings before and after splicing are aligned; considering the possibility of particularity of the position of the broken fiber, the method avoids misjudgment, ensures the uniqueness and the accuracy of the discrete cross-correlation operation result, and ensures that the identification grating is a non-reciprocal grating with directivity and the front and the back gratings are not consistent in shape.
The method for measuring the OFDR broken fiber splicing in the embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 and comprises the following steps:
a. respectively inscribing a first grating and a second grating at the head end and the tail end of the optical fiber sensing interval as marks;
b. before the optical fiber is broken, the OFDR curve data of the optical fiber is collected as reference data by matching with an OFDR device;
c. after fiber breakage and continuous connection, the OFDR curve data of the optical fiber is collected as data to be compared by matching with an OFDR device;
d. selecting a first or a second grating as a reference mark according to the fracture position of the optical fiber, dividing data to be compared by windows with the same length as the grating from the position near the fracture, and performing discrete cross-correlation operation on reference grating data acquired by an OFDR device and data of each window, wherein the window with the largest correlation function value is the approximate position of the shifted grating;
e. moving the window and the reference grating in a small range to perform cross-correlation operation, wherein the position where the correlation coefficient is larger than a set value is the accurate position of the shifted grating;
f. and (3) supplementing points to the original sensing interval data according to the relative displacement of the reference optical fiber, and eliminating the deviation of the positions of the sensing points caused by the broken fiber splicing.
Further, the position where the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8 is the exact position of the shifted grating.
Furthermore, the first grating and the second grating are non-reciprocal weak reflection gratings, the geometric shapes are not bilaterally symmetrical, and the shapes of the two gratings are not consistent.
Furthermore, the reflectivity of the first grating and the second grating is less than 1%, and the wavelength of the first grating and the second grating covers the scanning waveband of the OFDR system.
Furthermore, the selection of the grating mark is determined by the position of the fiber fracture, and the first grating is selected as the mark grating before the first grating; the fracture is positioned between the first grating and the second grating, and the second grating is selected as the identification grating.
Further, the window length of the discrete cross-correlation operation is the same as the grating length.
Further, the small range movement interval of the window is determined by the OFDR spatial resolution, on the order of microns.
Further, the relative displacement of the identification grating is the offset of the position of each sensing point.
In one embodiment of the invention, a first grating A and a second grating B are respectively inscribed as marks at the head end and the tail end of a sensing interval, the central wavelength of the two gratings is 1550nm, and the reflectivity is about 10-4Percentage, ratio of left and right two sections is 3:2, OFDR samplingThe collection system is spatially resolved to 20 microns. The two grating OFDR curves are shown in fig. 3 and 4. The first and second gratings are respectively located at the head and tail of the sensing fiber at 0.58-0.59m and 1.345-1.355 m.
Before the optical fiber is broken and after the optical fiber is broken and spliced, the OFDR device is matched to collect optical fiber OFDR curve data, as shown in figure 2, the abscissa is distance, the ordinate is reflection intensity, and the middle 0.8-1.2m of the optical fiber is a selected sensing interval.
The fiber break is before the first grating and the entire length of fiber is translated forward. And selecting the first grating as the identifier. According to the fact that the length of the grating is 1cm, starting from the fracture position, the length of the grating is 1cm, the window is used as the length of the grating, reflection data behind the fracture position are divided into a plurality of windows, and cross-correlation operation is conducted on the reflection intensity of the grating and the data of the plurality of windows. And finding a window with the maximum value of the cross-correlation function as the initial position of the shifted grating, and shifting the position of the grating in a small range of 20-micron spacing until the cross-correlation coefficient of the reflection intensity of the grating and the window is 0.88 to obtain the position shift of the grating of 0.204 m.
The spatial resolution of the OFDR device is 20 micrometers, according to the grating offset value, 10200 points are supplemented from the front to the front of the initial position of the sensing region, and the front sensing region and the rear sensing region of the broken fiber are completely aligned from head to tail.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a break occurs between the first and second identification gratings, and the curves collected by the OFDR apparatus before and after the fiber break are shown in fig. 5. And selecting a second grating as a mark, and enabling the grating to move forwards after the grating is broken and connected. According to the fact that the length of the grating is 1cm, starting from the fracture position, the length of the grating is 1cm, the window is used as the length of the grating, reflection data behind the fracture position are divided into a plurality of windows, and cross-correlation operation is conducted on the reflection intensity of the grating and the data of the plurality of windows. And finding a maximum window of the correlation function as an initial position of the shifted grating, and shifting the position of the grating in a small range of 20-micrometer spacing until the cross-correlation coefficient of the reflection intensity of the grating and the window is 0.91 to obtain the position shift 0.1988m of the grating.
The spatial resolution of the OFDR device is 20 micrometers, 9994 points are supplemented backwards from a fracture position according to the grating offset value, and the front sensing area and the rear sensing area of the broken fiber are completely aligned from head to tail.
In summary, the method for measuring the continuous connection of the broken fiber OFDR takes the grating as the identifier, and obtains the shift of the position of the grating through the discrete cross-correlation operation of the OFDR curves of the optical fiber before and after the broken fiber. And supplementing points on the sensing interval according to the offset, so that the OFDR sensing measurement can be continuously and accurately carried out under the condition that the reference is not changed. The method effectively avoids measurement suspension caused by breakage of the sensing optical fiber, the length compensation accuracy reaches the micron level, the measurement accuracy is not influenced, the influence of the length change of the optical fiber is avoided, and the requirement of high-accuracy measurement in a severe engineering environment is completely met.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for OFDR splice measurement, comprising the steps of:
a. respectively inscribing a first grating and a second grating at the head end and the tail end of the optical fiber sensing interval as marks;
b. before the optical fiber is broken, acquiring optical fiber OFDR curve data as reference data by matching with an OFDR device;
c. after fiber breakage and continuous connection, collecting optical fiber OFDR curve data as data to be compared by matching with an OFDR device;
d. selecting a first or a second grating as a reference identification grating according to the fracture position of the optical fiber, dividing data to be compared by using a grating equal-length window from the position near the fracture, and performing discrete cross-correlation operation on the reference identification grating data acquired by the OFDR device and the data of each window, wherein the window with the maximum correlation function value is the approximate position of the shifted grating;
e. moving each window to perform cross-correlation operation with the reference identification grating, wherein the position where the correlation coefficient is greater than the set value is the accurate position of the shifted grating;
f. and (3) supplementing points to the original sensing interval data according to the relative displacement of the reference optical fiber, and eliminating the deviation of the positions of the sensing points caused by the broken fiber splicing.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the location where the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8 is the exact position of the shifted grating.
3. The OFDR splice measurement method of claim 1 wherein the first and second gratings are non-reciprocal weak reflection gratings, the geometry of which is not symmetric, and the shapes of the two gratings are not identical.
4. The OFDR splice measurement method of claim 1 wherein the first and second gratings have a reflectivity of less than 1% and a wavelength that covers the scan band of the OFDR system.
5. The OFDR break-fiber continuity measurement method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the grating identifier is determined by a position of a fiber break, the break being located before the first grating, the first grating being selected as a reference identifier grating; the fracture is located between the first grating and the second grating, and the second grating is selected as a reference identification grating.
6. The method of OFDR splice measurement of claim 1 wherein the window length of the discrete cross-correlation operation is the same as the reference mark grating length.
7. The OFDR splice measurement method of claim 1 wherein the small range movement interval of the window is determined by the OFDR spatial resolution, on the order of microns.
8. The OFDR splice measurement method of claim 1 wherein the relative displacement of the identification grating is an offset of the position of each sensing point.
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| CN111030752A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-17 | 武汉昊衡科技有限公司 | OXC optical fiber ID recognition device and method based on OFDR |
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