CN115711634B - Sensitivity-enhanced sensing optical cable - Google Patents
Sensitivity-enhanced sensing optical cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of communication optical cables, and provides a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, which is characterized in that optical fiber units in the cable are spirally wound and laid, so that the stable transmission performance of the optical cable is ensured, the length of the optical fiber in the unit optical cable length is improved, and the detection sensitivity is improved; the surface of the central reinforcing piece is spirally distributed with a continuous groove array, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves of the groove array, so that the gap between the central reinforcing piece and the protective layer is reduced, the resistance of air in the gap to sound waves is reduced, the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved, meanwhile, the polyester fiber composite belt of the single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, the non-composite polyester film surface has a porous characteristic, the porous characteristic of the surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is utilized, the sound wave absorption effect is improved, a sound-containing cavity is formed in the whole groove, and the sensitivity of optical fiber detection is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication optical cables, in particular to a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity.
Background
Along with the development of optical fiber technology, optical fibers are not limited to the functions of communication media, and optical fiber sensing technology is rapidly developed along with the development of optical fiber communication technology, and is a novel sensing technology which takes optical waves as a carrier, takes optical fibers as media and senses and transmits external measured signals. In the future, the optical cable product based on distributed optical fiber sensing can be well connected into an optical communication network, has the characteristics of economy, flexibility, continuity, long distance, high precision and real-time monitoring, and can be widely applied to detection and security in the fields of power cables, petroleum pipelines, tunnel foundations, building bridges, structural health, geotechnical engineering, dam hydrology, marine exploration and the like.
The existing sensing optical cable is used as a carrier of an optical fiber distributed sensing system, in the practical application process, most of optical fibers in the cable are directly amplified, and when the optical fibers are directly amplified, the length of single sensing optical fibers distributed in the unit optical cable length is limited, so that the detection sensitivity is low. Meanwhile, the sensing optical cable needs to have certain mechanical strength, such as tensile property and lateral pressure resistance, so that the damage to the optical cable in the laying process is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present application is directed to a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, which can solve the problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the application provides a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, which comprises a central reinforcement and an optical fiber unit layer outside the central reinforcement, wherein the central reinforcement is made of an elastomer or a thermoplastic elastic material with embedded metal or nonmetal elements, and the optical fiber unit layer comprises optical fiber units which are continuously spirally wound around the central reinforcement; the center is provided withThe surface of the strong piece is spirally distributed with a continuous groove array along the length direction, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves of the groove array, the maximum depth and the maximum width of the grooves are not smaller than the diameter of the optical fiber units, and when a single optical fiber unit is accommodated, the size ranges of the maximum depth H and the maximum width W of the grooves are as follows: d is more than or equal to H and less than or equal to d+d 0 ，d≤W≤d+d 0 Wherein d is the fiber unit diameter; when accommodating n optical fiber units, the size range of the groove satisfies: d, d f <H≤d f +d 0 Wherein: n is greater than or equal to 2, d f Equivalent diameters of n optical fiber units; d, d 0 Is the free coefficient, namely the maximum vertical distance from the optical fiber unit to the inner surface of the groove after the groove is filled, and d is more than or equal to 0 0 D is less than or equal to d; and a polyester fiber composite belt with a single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt has a porous characteristic, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, and the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt faces the optical fiber unit.
In some embodiments, the grooves are arcuate and square in transverse cross-section, and the maximum depth and maximum width of the grooves should be no less than the fiber unit diameter.
In some embodiments, the sensing fiber optic cable includes a plurality of repeating segments of equal length in which the winding pitch of the fiber units is varied.
In some embodiments, the groove array has more than two grooves with a first spacing d between the grooves 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second interval d2 is between the groove arrays, and d1 is more than or equal to 0 and less than d2.
In some embodiments, the fiber unit is in the form of a flat ribbon.
In some embodiments, the number of the bare fibers in the optical fiber unit is at least one, and the bare fibers are uniformly spaced and axially continuously distributed in the flat ribbon shape of the optical fiber unit, or the bare fibers are continuously and sinusoidally distributed in the flat ribbon shape of the optical fiber unit.
In some embodiments, the optical fiber unit layer is further sequentially coated with a first wrapping belt and a first outer protective layer from inside to outside, and a reinforcing element is arranged in the first outer protective layer and is a metal element or Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP).
In some embodiments, the optical fiber unit layer is further coated with a first wrapping tape, a first outer protective layer, an outer armor layer, a second wrapping tape and a second outer protective layer sequentially from inside to outside.
The application has the beneficial effects.
The sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity provided by the application has the advantages that the optical fiber units in the cable are spirally wound and laid, the stable transmission performance of the optical cable is ensured, the length of the optical fiber in the unit optical cable length is improved, the detectable range is further widened, and the detection sensitivity is improved; meanwhile, the central reinforcing piece is made of a sensitization material, so that the external transmission energy loss can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity of the sensing optical cable is improved; furthermore, the application distributes a continuous groove array on the surface of the central reinforcement to accommodate a plurality of optical fiber units, increases a test signal channel to prevent the optical fiber from breaking, and provides a standby line, meanwhile, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves, so that compared with the case that the optical fiber units are directly spirally wound on the surface of the central reinforcement, the gap between the central reinforcement and the protective layer is reduced, the resistance of air in the gap to sound waves is reduced, the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved, and the maximum vertical distance between the optical fiber units and the inner surface of the groove and the top surface of the groove is not greater than the diameter of the optical fiber units, so that the structure is compact when the optical fiber units are distributed, the gap in the groove is reduced, the resistance of the air in the gap to sound waves is further reduced, and the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved; and the polyester fiber composite belt of the single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt has porous characteristics, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt faces the optical fiber unit, the porous characteristics of the surface of the polyester fiber composite belt are utilized, the sound wave absorption effect is improved, a sound-containing cavity is formed in the whole groove, and the sensitivity of optical fiber detection is improved.
On the other hand, in some embodiments of the present application, a high-strength lateral pressure resistant sensing optical cable is provided, which sequentially includes, from inside to outside, a central reinforcement, an optical fiber unit layer, a first wrapping tape, a first outer sheath, an outer armor layer, a second wrapping tape, and a structural design of the second outer sheath, and the outer armor layer, the inner and outer wrapping tapes, and the inner and outer sheaths are provided, so that the overall strength of the sensing optical cable is further enhanced, and the bending resistance, lateral pressure resistance, and tensile resistance of the sensing optical cable are enhanced, thereby satisfying the laying requirements under various severe conditions.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a groove array of a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a groove of a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity according to the present application;
FIG. 4 shows a second schematic diagram of a groove array structure of a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity according to the present application;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the enhanced structure of a sensing fiber optic cable of the present application with enhanced sensitivity.
Wherein: 1-center reinforcement, 2-fiber unit layers, 3-first wrapping tape, 4-first outer jacket, 5-tear cord, 6-reinforcing element, 7-fiber unit, 8-groove, 9-groove array, 10-outer armor, 11-second wrapping tape, 12-second outer jacket, top surface of 13-groove, side wall of 14-groove, bottom surface of 15-groove.
Detailed Description
The term "comprising" in the description of the application and in the claims and in the drawings is synonymous with "including", "containing" or "characterized by", and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional unrecited elements or method steps. "comprising" is a technical term used in claim language to mean that the recited element is present, but other elements may be added and still form a construct or method within the scope of the recited claims.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote like items, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation of it is required in the following figures, and furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used merely to distinguish one description from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "about" in the present application is meant to encompass minor variations (up to +/-10%) from the stated values.
The existing sensing optical cable is used as a carrier of an optical fiber distributed sensing system, in the practical application process, most of optical fibers in the cable are directly amplified, and when the optical fibers are directly amplified, the length of single sensing optical fibers distributed in the unit optical cable length is limited, so that the detection sensitivity is low. Meanwhile, the sensing optical cable needs to have certain mechanical strength, such as tensile property and lateral pressure resistance, so that the damage to the optical cable in the laying process is avoided.
Based on this, in one embodiment of the present application, there is provided a sensitivity-enhanced sensing fiber optic cable comprising a central strength member and a fiber unit layer outside the central strength member, the central strength member being a thermoplastic elastomer material of an elastomer or an internally nested metallic or non-metallic element, the fiber unit layer comprising fiber units continuously helically wound around the central strength member; the surface of the central reinforcement piece is spirally distributed with a continuous groove array along the length direction, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves of the groove array, and the maximum vertical distance between the optical fiber units and the inner surface of the groove and the top surface of the groove is not more than the diameter of the optical fiber units; and a polyester fiber composite belt with a single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt has a porous characteristic, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, and the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt faces the optical fiber unit. In the sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, the optical fiber units in the cable are spirally wound and laid, so that the stable transmission performance of the optical cable is ensured, the length of the optical fiber in the unit optical cable length is improved, the detectable range is further widened, and the detection sensitivity is improved; meanwhile, the central reinforcing piece is made of a sensitization material, so that the external transmission energy loss can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity of the sensing optical cable is improved; furthermore, the application distributes a continuous groove array on the surface of the central reinforcement to accommodate a plurality of optical fiber units, increases a test signal channel to prevent the optical fiber from breaking, and provides a standby line, meanwhile, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves, so that compared with the case that the optical fiber units are directly spirally wound on the surface of the central reinforcement, the gap between the central reinforcement and the protective layer is reduced, the resistance of air in the gap to sound waves is reduced, the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved, and the maximum vertical distance between the optical fiber units and the inner surface of the groove and the top surface of the groove is not greater than the diameter of the optical fiber units, so that the structure is compact when the optical fiber units are distributed, the gap in the groove is reduced, the resistance of the air in the gap to sound waves is further reduced, and the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved; and the polyester fiber composite belt of the single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt has porous characteristics, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt faces the optical fiber unit, the porous characteristics of the surface of the polyester fiber composite belt are utilized, the sound wave absorption effect is improved, a sound-containing cavity is formed in the whole groove, and the sensitivity of optical fiber detection is improved.
In addition, some embodiments of the application further provide a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity of high strength and lateral pressure resistance, which sequentially comprises a central reinforcing piece, an optical fiber unit layer, a first wrapping belt, a first outer protecting layer, an outer armor layer, a second wrapping belt and a second outer protecting layer from inside to outside.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment 1, there is provided a sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, as shown in fig. 1, including a central reinforcing member 1, an optical fiber unit layer 2, a first wrapping tape 3 of polyimide film (PI film), and a first outer sheath 4 in this order from the inside to the outside. The fiber unit layer 2 is continuously spirally wound around the central reinforcing member 1 with at least 1 fiber unit 7. As shown in fig. 1-2, the surface of the central reinforcing member 1 is spirally provided with a continuous groove array 9 along the length direction, and the optical fiber units 7 are filled in the grooves 8 of the groove array 9.
The central reinforcement 1 is an elastomer, for example a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPO), a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), a thermoplastic vulcanized rubber (TPV), for example one or a combination of polyethylene elastomer, polyolefin elastomer, polypropylene elastomer, for example a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU).
In other embodiments, the central strength member 1 is a thermoplastic elastomer material with embedded metallic or non-metallic elements, which may strengthen the cable without losing the sensitivity of the measurement. Thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPO), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU), or thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), and the like. The metal element may be, for example, a steel wire. The nonmetallic element may be a Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), such as a fiberglass reinforced plastic rod, an aramid fiber reinforced plastic rod, a carbon fiber reinforced plastic rod, or the like.
The PI film is a film insulating material and is formed by polycondensation and tape casting of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and diamine diphenyl ether (ODA) in a strong polar solvent and imidization. Yellow transparent, and relative density of 1.39-1.45. The polyimide film has excellent high and low temperature resistance, electrical insulation, adhesion, radiation resistance and dielectric resistance, can be used for a long time within the temperature range of-269 ℃ to 280 ℃ and can reach a high temperature of 400 ℃ for a short time.
The first outer protective layer 4 can be made of thermoplastic elastic materials, such as TPU, TPV, TPO, TPEE, and the like, and the materials can be used as sound absorption materials, have good sound absorption effect, and can improve the sensitivity of the optical cable to sound wave signal detection; meanwhile, the thermoplastic elastomer material can improve the softness and elasticity of the molding unit and ensure better oil resistance, water resistance, cold resistance and mould resistance.
In other embodiments, for example, in some situations where the requirements for use are high, such as oil wells, the first outer jacket 4 may be made of fluoroplastic to increase the temperature resistance level of the cable.
The first outer protective layer 4 is provided with a reinforcing element 6, and the reinforcing element 6 can be Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) or a metal element, such as a phosphatized steel wire, a galvanized steel strand or a copper-plated steel strand, and the like, and the arrangement of the reinforcing element 6 further enhances the bending resistance of the optical cable.
A tearing rope 5 is buried between the first outer protective layer 4 and the PI film, the tearing rope 5 is parallel to the axis of the optical cable, and at least one tearing rope 5 is arranged. In other embodiments there are at least two tear cords 5 and at least two tear cords 5 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the cable. The tearing rope is convenient for stripping the optical cable and is convenient for maintenance and repair in the later period of the optical cable laying.
The optical fiber unit 7 is a tight-packed optical fiber, namely a tight-packed optical fiber, and has an outer diameter of 0.6mm to 3.0mm. In other embodiments, the optical fiber unit may be loose-sleeve optical fibers, and the outer diameter of the loose-sleeve optical fibers may be 0.6 mm-3.0 mm, and the number of optical fiber cores in each loose-sleeve structure may be not less than 1 core. For example, in some embodiments, the fiber unit is a single core fiber with a winding pitch of 0.1mm to 100mm and a winding angle in the range of 10 < a < 90. For example, in some embodiments, the fiber unit is a multicore fiber, with a winding pitch of 15mm to 300mm, and a winding angle in the range of 10 ° < α < 90 °.
In the embodiment, the optical fiber unit adopts a single-mode optical fiber, has excellent bending resistance, is wound for 1 circle under the diameter of a mandrel with the diameter of phi of 7.5mm, and has the macrobending loss of 1550nm less than or equal to 0.01dB; after cabling, stable optical fiber transmission performance is ensured, and 1550nm attenuation is not more than 1.0dB/km.
In the sensing optical cable in the embodiment, the optical fiber units in the cable are spirally wound and laid, so that stable transmission performance of the optical cable is ensured, the length of the optical fiber in the unit optical cable length is improved, the detectable range is further widened, and the detection sensitivity is improved; meanwhile, the central reinforcing piece is made of a sensitization material, so that the external transmission energy loss can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity of the sensing optical cable is improved. The outer sheath and the reinforcing element therein protect the optical cable, so that the overall strength and bending resistance of the sensing optical cable are enhanced. The PI film also has a certain protection effect on the optical fiber unit due to the characteristics of excellent high and low temperature resistance, electrical insulation, adhesion, radiation resistance, dielectric resistance and the like.
In order to further enhance the sensitivity of the sensing optical cable, as shown in fig. 1-2, the surface of the central reinforcement member 1 is spirally distributed with a continuous groove array 9, the transverse cross section of the grooves 8 of the groove array 9 is arc-shaped or square, and the maximum depth H and the maximum width W of the grooves should not be smaller than the diameter d of the optical fiber unit. Through setting up recess 8, fill fiber unit 7 in recess 8, compare with the direct spiral winding of fiber unit at central reinforcement 1 surface, reduced the clearance between central reinforcement and the sheath, reduced the resistance of air to the sound wave in the clearance, improved the sensitivity that the sound wave signal surveyed.
Generally, in order to ensure compact structure when the optical fiber units are laid out, the size range of the grooves satisfies d.ltoreq.H.ltoreq.d+d when accommodating a single optical fiber unit 0 ，d≤W≤d+d 0 ；
When n (n is greater than or equal to 2) optical fiber units are accommodated, the size range of the groove satisfies the following conditions:
wherein: d, d f Equivalent diameters of n optical fiber units; d, d 0 Is the free coefficient, namely the maximum vertical distance from the optical fiber unit to the inner surface of the groove after the groove is filled, and d is more than or equal to 0 0 D is less than or equal to d, and d is the diameter of the optical fiber unit. Free coefficient d 0 When the optical fiber units 7 are filled in the grooves 8 of the groove array 9, the maximum vertical distance between the optical fiber units and the inner surfaces of the grooves (including the side walls 14 of the grooves and the bottom surfaces 15 of the grooves as shown in fig. 3) and the top surfaces 13 of the grooves is not larger than the diameter of the optical fiber units, so that the optical fiber units are compact in structure when being laid, gaps in the grooves are reduced, the resistance of air in the gaps to sound waves is further reduced, and the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved.
The central reinforcing member 1 of this embodiment has a plurality of continuous groove arrays 9 distributed on its surface to accommodate a plurality of optical fiber units and to add test signal channels to prevent breakage of the optical fibers and to provide a back-up line, as shown in fig. 2 and 4. Each groove array 9 comprises at least two grooves 8 therein.
In some embodiments, n grooves 8 form a groove array 9, and the grooves 8 may be closely connected to each other or have a first distance d 1 ，0≤d1。
In some embodiments, the second spacing d2 between the groove arrays 9 and 9 may vary with the tight-wound pitch adaptability of the optical fiber units. In general, d1 is more than or equal to 0 and d2.
In this embodiment, in order to further improve the sensitivity, in the above structure, when the grooves are filled with the plurality of optical fiber units, the size and the internal gaps of the grooves are correspondingly increased, and the polyester fiber composite tape of a single-sided composite polyester film can be filled along the surfaces of the grooves, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite tape is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite tape has a porous characteristic, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite tape is tightly attached to the inner surfaces of the grooves, and the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite tape faces the optical fiber units. The polyester film surface is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, the non-composite polyester film surface has porous characteristics and faces the optical fiber unit, so that on one hand, the buffer effect can be achieved, on the other hand, the porous characteristics of the surface of the composite polyester belt can be utilized, the sound wave absorption effect is improved, a sound-containing cavity is formed in the whole groove, and the sensitivity of optical fiber detection is improved.
In the sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity provided in the embodiment 1, the optical fiber units in the cable are spirally wound and laid, so that the stable transmission performance of the optical cable is ensured, the length of the optical fiber in the unit optical cable length is improved, the detectable range is further widened, and the detection sensitivity is improved; meanwhile, the central reinforcing piece is made of a sensitization material, so that the external transmission energy loss can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity of the sensing optical cable is improved; furthermore, in embodiment 1, a continuous groove array is distributed on the surface of the central reinforcement member to accommodate a plurality of optical fiber units, and test signal channels are added to prevent the optical fibers from breaking and provide a standby line; the optical fiber unit is filled in the groove, so that compared with the optical fiber unit which is directly spirally wound on the surface of the central reinforcing piece, the gap between the central reinforcing piece and the protective layer is reduced, the resistance of air in the gap to sound waves is reduced, the sensitivity of sound wave signal detection is improved, meanwhile, the polyester fiber composite belt of the single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, the non-composite polyester film surface has a porous characteristic, the porous characteristic of the surface of the composite polyester belt is utilized, the sound wave absorption effect is improved, a sound-containing cavity is formed in the whole groove, and the sensitivity of optical fiber detection is improved.
In the embodiment, the optical fiber units in the sensing optical cable can be spirally wound at equal intervals around the central reinforcing piece in a continuous spiral manner, and the uniform winding mode can realize full-distributed signal acquisition along the sensing optical cable without a sensing blind area. In other embodiments, the optical fiber units in the sensing optical cable are continuously and spirally wound around the central reinforcement member in a locally dense winding manner, so that a sensing unit with high sensitivity and small size can be obtained, and a sensing unit array with high sensitivity can be obtained. In other embodiments, the sensing fiber optic cable may include a plurality of repeating segments of equal length in which the winding pitch of the fiber units is varied. For example, the sensitivity of the sensing optical cable can be distributed in a strong and weak combination mode, the sensing optical cable can adapt to the strong and weak change of detected signals (such as sound waves and vibration signals) in a detection area, the relatively weak signals are received by the sensing optical cable with a high sensitivity section, the relatively strong signals can be received by the sensing optical cable with a low sensitivity section, the spatial resolution of the sensing optical cable is kept, the sensing optical cable can be paved for a long distance, and compared with the sensing optical cable design of full-section densely-wound optical fibers, the application length of the optical fiber is reduced, and the cost is saved.
In other embodiments, the fiber unit is in the shape of a flat ribbon, and the maximum depth H and the maximum width W of the groove should be no less than the thickness and the width of the flat ribbon fiber unit, respectively. The number of bare fibers in the optical fiber unit is at least one, and the bare fibers are uniformly distributed in the flat ribbon shape of the optical fiber unit at intervals along the length direction of the optical fiber unit. In some embodiments, the bare fibers are in a continuous sinusoidal distribution within the flat ribbon of the fiber unit. When the optical fiber unit is in a flat ribbon shape, the diameter of the optical fiber unit is equivalent to the diameter of an outer connecting circle. The flat ribbon structure in this embodiment can better laminate on the surface of the central reinforcing element, reduce the gap, improve the sensitivity of detection signals, simultaneously the bare optical fibers are continuously distributed in the resin in a sine way, further improve the optical fiber length in the unit optical cable length, further widen the detectable range, and improve the detection sensitivity.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in the overall structural design of the cable, in particular in the design of the reinforcement and the protective layer.
As shown in fig. 5, the optical fiber unit layer comprises a central reinforcement 1, an optical fiber unit layer 2, a first wrapping band 3, a first outer sheath 4, an outer armor layer 10, a second wrapping band 11 and a second outer sheath 12 from inside to outside. The optical fiber unit layer 2 is continuously spirally wound along the central reinforcing member 1 by using 9 optical fiber units 7. As shown in fig. 5, the surface of the central reinforcing member 1 is spirally provided with 3 continuous groove arrays 9 along the length direction, each groove array 9 has 3 grooves 8 therein, and the optical fiber units 7 are filled in the grooves 8 of the groove arrays 9.
The central reinforcement 1 is an elastomer, for example a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPO), a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), a thermoplastic vulcanized rubber (TPV), for example one or a combination of polyethylene elastomer, polyolefin elastomer, polypropylene elastomer, for example a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU). In other embodiments, the central reinforcement 1 is a thermoplastic elastomer material with nested metallic or non-metallic elements. Thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPO), thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU), or thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), and the like. The metal element may be, for example, a steel wire. The nonmetallic element may be a Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), such as a fiberglass reinforced plastic rod, an aramid fiber reinforced plastic rod, a carbon fiber reinforced plastic rod, or the like.
The first outer protective layer 4 and the second outer protective layer 12 can be made of thermoplastic elastic materials, such as TPU, TPV, TPO, TPEE, and the materials can be used as sound absorption materials, have good sound absorption effect, and can improve the sensitivity of the optical cable to sound wave signal detection; meanwhile, the thermoplastic elastomer material can improve the softness and elasticity of the molding unit and ensure better oil resistance, water resistance, cold resistance and mould resistance. In other embodiments, for example, in some applications where there is a high demand, such as in oil mines, the first outer jacket 4 or the second outer jacket 12 may be made of fluoroplastic to increase the temperature resistance level of the cable.
The first outer sheath 4 is externally provided with an outer armor layer 10. The outer armor layer 10 may be steel wire or Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), such as fiberglass reinforced plastic rods, aramid fiber reinforced plastic rods, carbon fiber reinforced plastic rods, and the like. The double armor layers increase the tensile and lateral pressure resistance of the sensing optical cable, so that the sensing optical cable is more suitable for being buried and laid.
The first wrapping tape 3 and the second wrapping tape 11 may be polyimide film (PI film), nonwoven fabric, water-blocking cloth, polyester tape (mylar tape), polypropylene wrapping tape, nonwoven fabric wrapping tape, polyvinyl chloride wrapping tape, polytetrafluoroethylene Tape (PTFE), glass fiber cloth, mica tape, or the like. The first wrapping belt 3 and the second wrapping belt 11 play roles of buffering and lining, the first wrapping belt 3 can also protect the inner optical fiber unit layer 2, and meanwhile, according to selection of different materials, the first wrapping belt 3 plays roles of water resistance, heat insulation, corrosion resistance or aging resistance and the like.
The remainder is described in example 1, and the description is not repeated here.
The multi-core sensing optical cable with lateral pressure resistance in the embodiment sequentially comprises a central reinforcing piece 1, an optical fiber unit layer 2, a first wrapping belt 3, a first outer protective layer 4, an outer armor layer 10, a second wrapping belt 11 and a second outer protective layer 12 from inside to outside, wherein the outer armor layer, the inner outer wrapping belt and the inner outer protective layer are arranged, the integral strength of the sensing optical cable is further enhanced, and the bending resistance, the lateral pressure resistance and the tensile resistance of the sensing optical cable are enhanced.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of embodiments of the application, wherein the principles and embodiments of the application are explained in detail using specific examples, the above examples being provided solely to facilitate the understanding of the method and core concepts of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
Claims (8)
1. A sensing optical cable with enhanced sensitivity, characterized in that the sensing optical cable comprises a central reinforcement and an optical fiber unit layer outside the central reinforcement, the central reinforcement is an elastomer or a thermoplastic elastic material with embedded metal or nonmetal elements, and the optical fiber unit layer comprises optical fiber units continuously spirally wound around the central reinforcement;
the surface of the central reinforcement piece is spirally distributed with continuous groove arrays along the length direction, the optical fiber units are filled in the grooves of the groove arrays, and each groove array comprises at least two grooves for adding test signal channels and providing standby lines; the maximum depth and the maximum width of the groove are not smaller than the diameter of the optical fiber unit, and when the single optical fiber unit is accommodated, the size range of the maximum depth H and the maximum width W of the groove is as follows: d is more than or equal to H and less than or equal to d+d 0 ，d≤W≤d+d 0 Wherein d is the fiber unit diameter; when accommodating n optical fiber units, the size range of the groove satisfies: d, d f <H≤d f +d 0 Wherein: n is greater than or equal to 2, d f Equivalent diameters of n optical fiber units; d, d 0 Is the free coefficient, i.e. the maximum vertical distance from the optical fiber unit to the inner surface of the groove after filling the groove, is 0.ltoreq.d 0 ≤d；
And a polyester fiber composite belt with a single-sided composite polyester film is filled along the inner surface of the groove, the composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is airtight, the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt has a porous characteristic, the polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove, and the non-composite polyester film surface of the polyester fiber composite belt faces the optical fiber unit.
2. A sensitivity enhanced sensor cable according to claim 1, wherein said grooves are arcuate and square in transverse cross-section.
3. A sensitivity enhanced sensor cable according to claim 1, wherein said sensor cable comprises a plurality of repeating segments of equal length, said repeating segments having a winding pitch of the optical fiber units arranged in varying fashion.
4. The enhanced sensitivity sensor cable of claim 1 wherein said groove array has more than two grooves with a first spacing d between the grooves of said groove array 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second interval d2 is between the groove arrays, and d1 is more than or equal to 0 and less than d2.
5. A sensitivity enhanced sensor cable according to claim 1, wherein said fiber unit is in the form of a flat ribbon.
6. The enhanced sensitivity sensor cable of claim 5, wherein at least one of the number of bare fibers in said fiber unit is disposed in a uniformly spaced axially continuous distribution within the flat ribbon of said fiber unit or said bare fibers are disposed in a continuous sinusoidal distribution within the flat ribbon of said fiber unit.
7. The sensor cable of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the optical fiber unit layer is further coated with a first wrapping tape and a first outer protective layer sequentially from inside to outside, and the first outer protective layer is provided with a reinforcing element, wherein the reinforcing element is a metal element or Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP).
8. The optical fiber cable according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the optical fiber unit layer is further coated with a first wrapping tape, a first outer sheath, an outer armor layer, a second wrapping tape, and a second outer sheath from inside to outside.
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